A study of stability of the seafloor foundation on a gently sloping continental shelf     

Liang Yuanbo  Lu Bo  Huang Shaojian  Li Tinghuan  Yang Weiguang  Wen Yaolin 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(3-4):189-201

Abstract

The possibility of seafloor failure under external loadings on a gently sloping continental shelf is controlled, to a large extent, by the geotechnical characters of subbottom sediments (e.g., shear strength, compressibility, and liquefaction potential) and structural factors (e.g., sedimentary stratification). By means of undis‐turbing coring, in‐situ acoustic measurement, and subbottom profiling, the authors conducted an investigation into the seafloor instabilities and possibilities of sediment slope failure within the continental shelf off the Pearl River mouth, which is one of the most important areas for offshore development in the northern South China Sea. Based on in‐situ and laboratory measurements and tests for sediment physical properties, static and dynamic behavior, and acoustic characteristics, the analyses indicate: (1) subbottom sediments that originated from terrigenous clay during the Pleistocene are compact and overconsolidated, and the mean sound velocity in such sediments is relatively high; (2) the maximum vertical bearing capacity of subbottom sediments is efficiently conservative on the safe side for dead loads of light structures, and the trench walls are stable enough while trenching to a depth of about 2 m below the seafloor under still water; and (3) it is quite improbable that the subbottom sediments liquefy under earthquake (M ≤ 6) or storm wave loading.  相似文献   

北京一号数据检测渤海海洋锋   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

平博  苏奋振  杜云艳  苏伟光 《遥感学报》2014,18(3):686-695

本文基于引力模型,对北京一号对地观测小卫星数据渤海区域进行海洋锋面检测。针对北京一号小卫星数据的特点,选择红波段作为实验波段,并选择渤海湾南岸水色锋和辽东湾东岸辐射沙脊两个实验区域。算法首先对数据进行线性拉伸,波段运算等预处理,突出锋面信息,其中,拉伸区间由图像直方图确定,接着应用引力模型对预处理后的数据进行锋面检测。实验结果表明,本文算法能够对两个实验区域的锋面进行检测,得到的锋面信息连续、突出,证明了算法的有效性;针对北京一号对地观测小卫星数据,本文算法相比于传统锋面检测算法,能够得到更加连续的锋面信息,并能较好抑制近岸泥沙对锋面检测的干扰。  相似文献   

GNSS ambiguity resolution with controllable failure rate for long baseline network RTK   总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5  

Bofeng Li  Yunzhong Shen  Yanming Feng  Weiguang Gao  Ling Yang 《Journal of Geodesy》2014,88(2):99-112

Many large-scale GNSS CORS networks have been deployed around the world to support various commercial and scientific applications. To make use of these networks for real-time kinematic positioning services, one of the major challenges is the ambiguity resolution (AR) over long inter-station baselines in the presence of considerable atmosphere biases. Usually, the widelane ambiguities are fixed first, followed by the procedure of determination of the narrowlane ambiguity integers based on the ionosphere-free model in which the widelane integers are introduced as known quantities. This paper seeks to improve the AR performance over long baseline through efficient procedures for improved float solutions and ambiguity fixing. The contribution is threefold: (1) instead of using the ionosphere-free measurements, the absolute and/or relative ionospheric constraints are introduced in the ionosphere-constrained model to enhance the model strength, thus resulting in the better float solutions; (2) the realistic widelane ambiguity precision is estimated by capturing the multipath effects due to the observation complexity, leading to improvement of reliability of widelane AR; (3) for the narrowlane AR, the partial AR for a subset of ambiguities selected according to the successively increased elevation is applied. For fixing the scalar ambiguity, an error probability controllable rounding method is proposed. The established ionosphere-constrained model can be efficiently solved based on the sequential Kalman filter. It can be either reduced to some special models simply by adjusting the variances of ionospheric constraints, or extended with more parameters and constraints. The presented methodology is tested over seven baselines of around 100 km from USA CORS network. The results show that the new widelane AR scheme can obtain the 99.4 % successful fixing rate with 0.6 % failure rate; while the new rounding method of narrowlane AR can obtain the fix rate of 89 % with failure rate of 0.8 %. In summary, the AR reliability can be efficiently improved with rigorous controllable probability of incorrectly fixed ambiguities.  相似文献   

Quantitative assessment of the impact of climate variability and human activities on runoff changes: a case study in four catchments of the Haihe River basin,China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Weiguang Wang  Quanxi Shao  Tao Yang  Shizhang Peng  Wanqiu Xing  Fengchao Sun  Yufeng Luo 《水文研究》2013,27(8):1158-1174

Quantitative evaluation of the effect of climate variability and human activities on runoff is of great importance for water resources planning and management in terms of maintaining the ecosystem integrity and sustaining the society development. In this paper, hydro‐climatic data from four catchments (i.e. Luanhe River catchment, Chaohe River catchment, Hutuo River catchment and Zhanghe River catchment) in the Haihe River basin from 1957 to 2000 were used to quantitatively attribute the hydrological response (i.e. runoff) to climate change and human activities separately. To separate the attributes, the temporal trends of annual precipitation, potential evapotranspiration (PET) and runoff during 1957–2000 were first explored by the Mann–Kendall test. Despite that only Hutuo River catchment was dominated by a significant negative trend in annual precipitation, all four catchments presented significant negative trend in annual runoff varying from ?0.859 (Chaohe River) to ?1.996 mm a^?1 (Zhanghe River). Change points in 1977 and 1979 are detected by precipitation–runoff double cumulative curves method and Pettitt's test for Zhanghe River and the other three rivers, respectively, and are adopted to divide data set into two study periods as the pre‐change period and post‐change period. Three methods including hydrological model method, hydrological sensitivity analysis method and climate elasticity method were calibrated with the hydro‐climatic data during the pre‐change period. Then, hydrological runoff response to climate variability and human activities was quantitatively evaluated with the help of the three methods and based on the assumption that climate and human activities are the only drivers for streamflow and are independent of each other. Similar estimates of anthropogenic and climatic effects on runoff for catchments considered can be obtained from the three methods. We found that human activities were the main driving factors for the decline in annual runoff in Luanhe River catchment, Chaohe River catchment and Zhanghe River catchment, accounting for over 50% of runoff reduction. However, climate variability should be responsible for the decrease in annual runoff in the Hutuo River catchment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Characterizing the changing behaviours of precipitation concentration in the Yangtze River Basin,China   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Weiguang Wang  Wanqiu Xing  Tao Yang  Quanxi Shao  Shizhang Peng  Zhongbo Yu  Bin Yong 《水文研究》2013,27(24):3375-3393

The statistical characteristics of precipitation on the daily resolution play an important role not only in the risk assessment of floods and droughts but also in the land use management. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of the precipitation concentration in the Yangtze River Basin are investigated by using three indices, i.e. precipitation concentration index (CI), precipitation concentration degree (PCD) and precipitation concentration period (PCP). Based on meteorological data of 147 stations for the period of 1960–2008, non‐parametric trend analysis and wavelet transformation analysis are employed to detect the temporal variation of these indices. Spatial variability of precipitation concentration indices and their trends are analysed and demonstrated with the help of GIS tools. The results indicate the following: (i) The high precipitation CI values mainly distribute in the middle region of the Yangtze River Basin, whereas the lower and lowest CI values are found in the lower and upper regions, respectively. A roughly east–west gradient for PCD value and PCP value varies from 0.26 to 0.77 and from 123 to 197, respectively. (ii) The analysis results of precipitation CI trends for different periods (i.e. recent 40, 30 and 20 years) show that the middle region of the Yangtze River Basin experienced a transition from decreasing precipitation CI to increasing precipitation CI during the last two decades, although the decreasing long‐term trends in the precipitation CI are not significant in most areas during the period of 1960–2008. (iii) The upper basin, middle basin and lower basin are, respectively, dominated by the significant decreasing, increasing and no significant trends in PCD. A dominance of insignificant PCP trends is observed in the entire basin during 1960–2008 despite that a few areas in the upper region are characterized by significant decreasing trends. (iv) Interdecadal oscillations can be found for three precipitation indices, but with no constant periodicity. Furthermore, good positive correlations have been detected between precipitation CI and PCD, whereas insignificant correlation coefficients of PCP with precipitation are common in the basin. The results can provide beneficial reference to water resource and eco‐environment and mitigation to flood or drought hazards in the Yangtze River Basin for policymakers and stakeholders. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Changes in daily temperature and precipitation extremes in the Yellow River Basin, China   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4  

Weiguang Wang  Quanxi Shao  Tao Yang  Shizhang Peng  Zhongbo Yu  John Taylor  Wanqiu Xing  Cuiping Zhao  Fengchao Sun 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2013,27(2):401-421

Spatiotemporal changes in climatic extremes in the Yellow River Basin from 1959 to 2008 were investigated on the basis of a suite of 27 climatic indices derived from daily temperature and precipitation data from 75 meteorological stations with the help of the Mann–Kendall test, linear regression method and GIS technique. Furthermore, the changes in the probability distribution of the extreme indices were examined. The results indicate: (1) The whole basin is dominated by significant increase in the frequency of warm days and warm nights, and dominated by significant decrease in the frequency of cold days and cold nights. Although trends in absolute temperature indices show less spatial coherence compared with that in the percentile-based temperature indices, overall increasing trends can be found in Max Tmax (TXx), Min Tmax (TXn), Max Tmin (TNx) and Min Tmin (TNn). (2) Although the spatial patterns and the number of stations with significant changes for threshold and duration temperature indices are also not identical, general positive trends in warm indices (i.e., summer days (SU25), tropical nights (TR20), warm spell duration indicator and growing season length) and negative trends in cold indices (i.e., frost days, ice days and cold spell duration indicator) can be found in the basin. Annual nighttime temperature has increased at a faster rate than that in daytime temperature, leading to obvious decrease in diurnal temperature range. (3) The changes in precipitation indices are much weaker and less spatially coherent compared with these of temperature indices. For all precipitation indices, only few stations are characterized by significantly change in extreme precipitation, and their spatial patterns are always characterized by irregular and insignificant positive and negative changes. However, generally, changes in precipitation extremes present drying trends, although most of the changes are insignificant. (4) Results at seasonal scale show that warming trends occur for all seasons, particularly in winter. Different from that in other three seasons, general positive trends in max 1-day precipitation (Rx1DAY) and max 5-day precipitation (Rx5DAY) are found in winter. Analysis of changes in probability distributions of indices for 1959–1983 and 1984–2008 indicate a remarkable shift toward warmer condition and a less pronounced tendency toward drier condition during the past decades. The results can provide beneficial reference to water resource and eco-environment management strategies in the Yellow River Basin for associated policymakers and stakeholders.  相似文献   

地形重力波拖曳参数化对热带气旋强度和路径预报影响的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钟水新  陈子通  戴光丰  徐道生  黄燕燕  张诚忠  蒙伟光  杨兆礼 《大气科学》2014,38(2):273-284

本文在GRAPES_TMM（Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System for Tropical Mesoscale Model）——中国南海台风模式版（面向南海和东南亚）中发展和引进了KA95（Kim and Arakawa,1995）地形重力波拖曳参数化方案（GWDO）,并对2012年主要的9个登陆台风进行了试验对比研究,考察了不同标准Richardson数（Ri_c）的GWDO试验对台风路径和强度预报的影响。结果表明,在引入地形重力波拖曳参数化过程后,模式对台风登陆时路径和强度的预报能力均要有提高,对台风预报时长越长,GWDO的影响也更为显著。对双台风“SAOLA”和“DAMREY”试验结果表明,GWDO对台风外围距台风中心150 km的对流层中下层风速减弱较为明显,减弱了GRAPES区域模式对台风强度预报偏强的现象,对台风强度长时间预报改善更为明显。不同标准Ri_c对重力波拖曳力的计算较为敏感,当Ri_c取1.0时,动能迅速的在低层被频散,能量无法有效地上传;Ri_c取0.25时,大部分的能量在中高层被频散。总的来说,Ri_c取0.75时对台风路径和强度预报改进更为显著,其结果可为业务预报提供指导意义。  相似文献   

2004年南海夏季风的爆发及中南半岛陆面过程的可能影响 I： 诊断分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

郑彬  蒙伟光 《气象学报》2006,64(1):72-80

南海夏季风的爆发受高原、海洋(海气相互作用)、冷空气和陆地(陆面过程或陆气相互作用)等多种因素的影响,其中中南半岛由于是连接南海夏季风和印度、孟加拉湾季风的关键区,而且孟加拉湾不仅是亚洲最早爆发夏季风的地区,又是副热带高压最早断裂的地区。因此它的陆面过程对南海夏季风的影响是不可忽视的。文章从2004年南海夏季风爆发前后的环流和降水分析其活动特征,并进一步研究中南半岛陆面过程对南海夏季风的爆发日期和强度的影响。2004年南海夏季风于5月19日爆发,利用NCEP再分析资料及地面站点降水资料对这次季风爆发前后的环流形势和降水分布进行分析,结果表明:强对流活动由孟加拉湾移到中南半岛,引起中南半岛的降水增大,导致陆面过程发生改变(包含土壤湿度,感热、潜热通量,向上长波辐射),最终使得中南半岛—南海之间的低层气温差出现符号逆转,为南海夏季风的爆发提供了必要的条件。此外,中南半岛—南海低层气温差同南海夏季风的活跃程度有密切的联系。通常负的温差出现后不久,南海夏季风即进入活跃期或非活跃期,正的温差出现之后则常常是南海夏季风的中断期。  相似文献   

渐消滤波原理及其理论分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨元喜  高为广 《测绘科学与工程》2007,27(2):1-4

动态导航与定位的质量取决于对动态载体扰动和观测异常扰动的认知和控制。本文首先分析了渐消滤波的理论背景和基本原则；基于其基本原则，推导了渐消滤波解；然后从理论模型、极值原则全面分析了渐消滤波理论存在的问题。分析认为，理论上，渐消滤波具有控制状态模型误差影响的能力；现有渐消因子的求解在实践中可能出现负定现象，求解时必须附加条件。  相似文献   

Wood textures in Jinman copper deposit in western Yunnan and their genetic implications   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘家军  李朝阳  张乾  潘家永  刘玉平  刘显凡  刘世荣  杨伟光 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2001,44(6):545-554

Jinman vein copper deposit in western Yunnan occurs in a salt-bearing red clastic rock formation composed of sandstone, siltstone and shale. Wood texture is considerably developed in the ores. The metallic minerals making up the wood textures mainly include pyrite, chalcopyrite and bornite. Studies on the samples and examination of their micrographs and electron micrographs have confirmed that they belong to xenoxylon, reflecting that the ore-hosting rock series is the product of sedimentation in the terrestrial environment. Organic geochemistry and sulfur and carbon isotopic composition data indicate that the formation of the deposit is substantially related with underground hot brines and biological processes.  相似文献