Response of bedload transport, submarine topography, and dune internal structures to typhoon processes off Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

MA Xiaochuan  YAN Jun  FAN Fengxin  YAO Ping 《海洋学报(英文版)》2013,32(4):27-40

Bedload sediment transport was estimated by the SEDTRANS96 model based on three-day hydrodynamics data obtained off the Dongfang coast in the Beibu Gulf during Typhoon Ketsana in September 2009. Bedforms on the sea floor off the Dongfang coast and internal structures of a typical dune were interpreted to evaluate storm influences on individual dunes and the dune field. Results indicated that flow forcings and related bedload transport were both strengthened significantly due to Typhoon Ketsana. The measurements and modeling results, which mainly included three different stages, presented noticeable phasic variation. The three stages were dominated by tidal current (Period Ⅰ), tidal current combined with wind-induced waves (Period Ⅱ), and swells combined with tidal current and seaward flows (Period Ⅲ). This phasic variation could be a common trait of hydrodynamics due to typhoons moving westwardly to the south of Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf in South China Sea. Results indicated that the maximum bedload transport rate for every burst in Period Ⅲ was almost 100 times larger than that in Period I and was ten times larger than that in Period II. However, the short-term increase in bedload transport induced by storms like Ketsana did not change the long-term evolution of dune morphology. Evidence was given by the internal structures of a typical dune, which revealed renewed modification under subsequent moderate conditions after storm erosion. Instead, storms may influence at different scales and regional allocation of sand dunes in some large areas because changes of the sea floor in large scales can hardly be recovered. More surveys during and after storm passage are also needed to document the level of positive contribution to forward migration.  相似文献   

改进的蚁群算法及其在南岭地区花岗岩侵入体探测中的应用     

刘双  陈国雄  刘天佑 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2013,43(6):2005

蚁群算法（ACO）主要应用于组合优化问题（COPs）,很少应用于地球物理重磁资料物性反演。首先,对蚁群系统中目标函数值与信息素的映射机制进行改进。理论模拟表明,改进后的Gauss模型在收敛速度和反演精度方面比传统的ant-cycle模型要好,适用于重磁资料物性反演。然后,将蚁群算法应用于南岭地区千里山岩体和九嶷山岩体重力资料反演与解释。结果表明:蚁群算法圈定的花岗岩岩体与地面地质填图结果及大地电磁测深反演结果吻合,较好地控制了千里山岩体和九嶷山岩体的深度和形状。该结果可为研究南岭地区花岗岩侵入模式和多金属成矿规律提供参考。  相似文献   

冰芯和气象记录揭示的青藏高原百年来典型冷暖时段气候变化特征     

德吉  姚檀栋  姚平  陈昱凝 《冰川冻土》2013,35(6):1382-1390

气候冷暖变化问题是全球科学家研究的一个聚焦点,但高海拔地区的气候变化过程尚不十分清楚,作为全球气候变化的敏感区的青藏高原更是如此. 以青藏高原北部的古里雅冰芯、唐古拉冰芯和南部的达索普冰芯、宁金岗桑冰芯δ¹⁸O记录作为温度代用指标,同时结合青藏高原西北缘的吉尔吉斯斯坦Naryn站长期气象记录和北半球同时期的气温变化进行比较,研究了过去100 a来青藏高原北部和南部的温度变化. 结果显示：青藏高原过去100 a来共出现1910年左右、1920年左右、1950年左右、1970年代4个冷期,各冷期之间对应出现4次暖期,并且变冷的程度越来越弱而变暖的程度越来越强. 其次,青藏高原气候的变冷变暖在不同地区和不同时段差异很大：从空间尺度上看,青藏高原北部变暖过程比南部更强烈;从时间尺度上看,1910年左右和1920年左右的两次变冷十分明显,但1950年左右和1970年代的两次变冷不明显. 另外,虽然有发生在1990年代早期的短暂降温过程,但与其说是一个冷事件,还不如说是一次变暖过程中的短暂停顿,随后表现为持续升温.  相似文献   

森林沼泽泥炭不同演化阶段气体碳氢同位素演化特征          下载免费PDF全文

段毅  吴应忠  姚泾利  刘显阳  孙涛  何金先  徐丽  夏嘉  张晓丽 《地球科学》2013,38(1):87-93

煤层气的成因是石油地质学研究的热点.煤层气聚集存在着"累积聚气"和"阶段聚气"两种形式, 对于"阶段聚气" 的煤层气成因判识的地球化学研究还很薄弱.通过森林沼泽泥炭在不同温度下制备的样品进行热模拟实验, 首次获得了不同演化阶段甲烷、乙烷和二氧化碳的碳、氢同位素组成和演化规律.发现随着原始样品演化程度越高, 生成的甲烷和乙烷的碳、氢同位素组成具有变重的趋势; 同时, 甲烷和乙烷碳同位素组成明显地受原始样品演化程度的影响, 而氢同位素组成主要与成熟度密切相关.确定了成煤有机质在不同演化阶段生成的气体碳、氢同位素组成.首次获得了成煤有机质不同演化阶段热解气体碳、氢同位素组成与R_o之间的关系式.建立了甲烷与乙烷的碳、氢同位素之间的关系式, 形成了甲烷碳、氢同位素组成相关图.根据这些为研究不同成熟度区间生成的煤层气成因提供了科学数据, 为"阶段聚气"的煤层气地球化学特征认识及其成因判识提供了科学依据.并且, 将这些研究结果应用到我国沁水盆地南部煤层气研究, 认为该地区煤层气是在中侏罗世以后聚集而成, 具有"阶段聚气"的特征, 证明了热模拟研究成果对自然界煤层气成因的判识具有重要的科学意义.   相似文献   

东风带扰动影响西太平洋副热带高压短期东西向移动的热力强迫分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

姚秀萍  孙建元 《热带气象学报》2013,29(4):551-558

利用NCEP/NCAR 1 000～10 hPa 2.5 °×2.5 °日平均再分析资料,分析2003年6月22—25日热带对流层上空东风带扰动影响西太平洋副热带高压（简称西太副高,下同）短期东西进退的热力强迫过程,并探讨了相应机制。结果表明:东风带扰动附近非绝热效应分布和强度的变化影响着西太副高东西向的运动;西太副高短期东西向移动有趋“冷”的趋势,即西太副高向非绝热加热减弱或者非绝热冷却增强方向移动;在西太副高突然东退前后,东风带扰动东、西侧的非绝热加热效应出现明显的变化,主要体现为东风带扰动东侧非绝热冷却效应增强和东风带扰动西侧非绝热冷却效应减弱东退的特征,而且在对流层300 hPa高度附近表现最为明显;在非绝热加热效应影响因子中,垂直输送项最为重要,其次为局地变化项,水平平流效应最不显著,因此,垂直输送作用和局地变化作用引起的非绝热效应的变化是影响西太副高突然东退的主要原因。   相似文献   

降雨过程中边坡临界滑动场     

沈银斌  朱大勇  蒋泽锋  姚华彦 《岩土力学》2013,34(Z1):60-66

降雨入渗过程中孔隙水压力的升高与基质吸力的降低引起边坡稳定性的下降,是导致边坡滑塌的主要诱导因素。利用饱和-非饱和渗流有限元计算得到的孔隙水压力场,基于Fredlund提出的非饱和土抗剪强度理论,对边坡临界滑动场进行改进,提出可以考虑降雨过程的边坡临界滑动场数值模拟方法,能够方便、快速地计算出边坡局部、整体安全系数和相对应的临界滑动面在降雨过程中的变化历程。将该法用于一个典型均质边坡和一个非均质边坡在降雨过程中的稳定性计算,分析降雨持续时间、降雨强度和非饱和强度参数取值等因素对边坡稳定性的影响,并将计算结果与其他方法进行比较,结果表明临界滑动场方法能搜索任意形状最危险滑面,计算的安全系数合理。  相似文献   

豫西地区早二叠世碳酸盐岩台地沉积环境及地球化学特征     

姚旭  周瑶琪  李素 《现代地质》2013,27(6):1340

焦作-禹州地区下二叠统太原组沉积相可划分为5类：开阔台地相、局限台地相、障壁岛相、泻湖-沼泽相和潮坪相,海相碳酸盐岩地层中风暴沉积事件普遍发育。开阔台地主要发育生物碎屑灰岩,生物碎屑含量高且较为破碎,以LREE明显富集,∑REE、(LREE/HREE)N值与Fe含量正相关为特点,反映古水体开阔、动荡且富含生物碎屑和胶体。局限台地主要沉积泥晶灰岩,古水体环境表现为受限、相对安静的特点。研究区太原组下部灰岩段的底部灰岩形成于海侵体系域(TST),生物碎屑含量、∑REE相对较高且轻重稀土无显著分异,Sr/Ba比值小而Ba丰度高;顶部灰岩形成于高水位体系域(HST),显示台地水体逐渐受到限制,陆源控制作用减弱,演化为更加安静低能环境。不同体系域中局限台地灰岩的对比分析,可为恢复南华北二叠纪陆表海盆地古地理特征及演化提供重要资料。  相似文献   

Population genetics of Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta) in China revealed by ISSR and SRAP markers     

于深辉  崇卓  赵凤娟  姚建亭  段德麟 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(3):609-616

Sargassum horneri is a common brown macro-alga that is found in the inter-tidal ecosystems of China. To investigate the current status of seaweed resources and provide basic data for its sustainable development, ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence related amplified polymorphism) markers were used to analyze the population genetics among nine natural populations of S. horneri. The nine studied populations were distributed over 2 000 km from northeast to south China. The percentage of polymorphic loci P% (ISSR, 99.44%; SRAP, 100.00%), Nei’s genetic diversity H (ISSR, 0.107-0.199; SRAP, 0.100-0.153), and Shannon’s information index I (ISSR, 0.157-0.291; SRAP, 0.148-0.219) indicated a fair amount of genetic variability among the nine populations. Moreover, the high degree of gene differentiation G st (ISSR, 0.654; SRAP, 0.718) and low gene flow N m (ISSR, 0.265; SRAP, 0.196) implied that there was significant among-population differentiation, possibly as a result of habitat fragmentation. The matrices of genetic distances and fixation indices (F st ) among the populations correlated well with their geographical distribution (Mantel test R=0.541 5, 0.541 8; P=0.005 0, 0.002 0 and R=0.728 6, 0.641 2; P=0.001 0, 0.001 0, respectively); the Rongcheng population in the Shandong peninsula was the only exception. Overall, the genetic differentiation agreed with the geographic isolation. The fair amount of genetic diversity that was revealed in the S. horneri populations in China indicated that the seaweed resources had not been seriously affected by external factors.  相似文献   

甲烷流体活动与沉积物中碳、氮同位素组成响应——南海东北部海洋IV号地区研究     

于晓果  金肖兵  姚旭莹  龚建明 《海洋学研究》2013,31(3):1-7

南海东沙群岛东北部海洋IV号地区GC16站重力柱状沉积物中的有机碳、总氮,以及自生碳酸盐岩矿物的无机碳同位素组成分析结果表明,甲烷流体活动区硫酸盐甲烷转换带(SMTZ—sulfate methane transition zone)是重要的生物地球化学界面,该带内沉积物中有机碳、氮与无机碳同位素组成变化明显。GC16站SMTZ上界面以下的沉积物中有机碳、氮同位素组成分别比其上的沉积物负偏1.4‰PDB和0.93‰,反映该带内甲烷缺氧氧化作用(AOM—anaerobic oxidation of methane)与氨氧化作用发育。无机碳同位素组成表明SMTZ界面之下沉积物中的自生碳酸盐岩矿物为以微生物为媒介的甲烷驱动成因,地质历史时期(至柱状沉积物底部沉积时期)曾发生过2次较强烈的CH₄流体活动;目前该区甲烷流体活动较弱,甲烷流体影响深度与SMTZ上界面一致,未能到达海底。  相似文献   

An efficient method of noroviruses recovery from oysters and clams     

ZHOU Deqing  MA Liping  ZHAO Feng  YAO Lin  SU Laijin  LI Xinguang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(1):85-90

Noroviruses (NoVs) are widespread causes of nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Outbreaks of NoVs caused diseases are commonly ascribed to the consumption of contaminated shellfish. The concentration and RNA extraction of NoVs are crucial steps of detecting NoVs in shellfish. This study aimed to select a simple, rapid and highly efficient recovery method of NoVs detection with real-time RT-PCR. Four methods of recovering GI.3 and GII.4 NoVs from spiked digestive tissues of oysters and clams, respectively, were compared, of them, the method involving proteinase K and PEG 8000 was found the most efficient. With this method, 9.3% and 13.1% of GI.3 and GII.4 NoVs were recovered from oysters and 9.6% and 12.3% of GI.3 and GII.4 NoVs were recovered from clams, respectively. This method was further used to detect NoVs in 84 oysters (Crassostrea gigas) and 86 clams (Ruditapes philippinarum) collected from 10 coastal cities in China from Jan. 2011 to Feb. 2012. The NoVs isolation rates were 10.47% of clams (9/86) and 7.14% of oysters (6/84). All the detected NoVs belonged to genotype GII. The NoVs recovery method selected is efficient for NoVs detection in oysters and clams.  相似文献