我国省域工业主导产业的遴选与发展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王乐乐  吴殿廷  姜晔 《地域研究与开发》2012,31(2):15-19,25

工业主导产业在国民经济发展中起着决定性和指向性的作用。主导产业的选择是经济发展阶段的重要课题。依据6个量化指标,从4个维度对"十一五"期间主导产业进行遴选,发现以能源及相关产业为代表的重化工业是各省的重点,高新技术产业成为主导产业的省份较少,劳动密集型产业依然是东部发达省市的重点,预期中的产业转移并未实现;以行业为变量对各省份的主导产业进行聚类分析,可将31个省份划分为5类,反映了我国各省份主导产业布局特点;在此基础上,依据产业生命周期理论和各地区"十二五"发展趋势,提出了相应的对策建议。  相似文献   

Assessment of CMIP3 climate models and projected changes of precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze River Basin, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hui Tao  Marco Gemmer  Jiahu Jiang  Xijun Lai  Zengxin Zhang 《Climatic change》2012,111(3-4):737-751

The projected changes of precipitation and temperature in the Yangtze River Basin in the 20th Century from 20 models of the CMIP3 (phase 3 of the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project) dataset are analyzed based on the observed precipitation and temperature data of 147 meteorological stations in the Yangtze River Basin. The results show that all models tend to underestimate the annual mean temperature over the Yangtze River Basin, and to overestimate the annual mean precipitation. The temporal changes of simulated annual mean precipitation and temperature are broadly comparable with the observations, but with large variability among the results of the models. Most of the models can reproduce maximum precipitation during the monsoon season, while all models tend to underestimate the mean temperature of each month over the Yangtze River Basin. The Taylor diagram shows that the differences between modeled and observed temperature are relatively smaller as compared to differences in precipitation. For a detailed investigation of regional characteristics of climate change in the Yangtze River Basin during 2011–2050, the multi-model ensembles produced by an upgraded REA method are carried out for more reliable projections. The projected precipitation and temperature show large spatial variability in the Yangtze River Basin. Mean precipitation will increase under the A1B and B1 scenarios and decrease under the A2 scenario, with linear trends ranging from ?21 to 28.5?mm/decade. Increasing mean temperature can be found in all scenarios with linear trends ranging from 0.15 to 0.48°C/decade. Grids in the head region of the Jingshajiang catchment show distinct increasing trends for all scenarios. Some physical processes associated with precipitation are not well represented in the models.  相似文献   

Subarea characteristics of the long-range correlations and the index χ for daily temperature records over China     

Lei Jiang  Naiming Yuan  Zuntao Fu  Dongxiao Wang  Xia Zhao  Xiuhua Zhu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):261-270

Daily temperature records including daily minimum, maximum, and average temperature from 190 meteorological stations over China during 1951–2000 are analyzed from two perspectives: (a) long-term persistence in direction of time varies, and (b) standard deviation in direction of amplitude varies. By employing the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), we find all the temperature records are long-term correlated, while the exponent α obtained from DFA varies from different districts of China due to different climate conditions, such as the southwest monsoon, subtropical high, northeast cold vortex, and the Tibetan plateau, etc. After we take the standard deviation into account, a new index χ?=?α?×?σ, which has been proposed recently, can be obtained. By further rescaling it as $ \chi = \overline \chi - {{1} \left/ {5} \right.} \times {\sigma_{{\overline \chi }}} $ , we find an obvious change of χ for these three kinds of time series, from which the whole China can be divided into two groups, which are comparatively consistent with dry/wet distributions in the south–north areas over China.  相似文献   

China coldwave duration in a warming winter: change of the leading mode   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Zhihong Jiang  Tingting Ma  Zhiwei Wu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,110(1-2):65-75

Changes of extreme climate in a warming climate may be different from place to place. How the China cold extreme events change is still an outstanding issue. From observational and modeling perspectives, this study investigates the change of the leading mode of the China coldwave duration (CWD) in a warming climate. CWD significantly reduces across China during 1957–2009. The reduction in northern China is much more than that in southern China. The CWD leading mode derived from the Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis is characterized by extreme value centers located in northern China during the cold period (1957–1979) and shifting to southern China during the warm period (1980–2009). This indicates that southern China may experience longer or shorter coldwaves in the past three decades, while those in northern China tend to vary less vigorously. The multi-model ensemble of seven state-of-the-art climate models from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that under the IPCC SRES A1B scenario, the maximum loading of the CWD leading mode extends to southern China at the end of twenty-first century (2080–2099). These results indicate that the primary change of the CWD leading mode in a warming climate might be the southward shift of the variation center and such position change may lead to more intense coldwave variations in southern China as observed in the past decades. Possible physical mechanisms on the variation of the CWD major mode are also investigated in this study.  相似文献   

副高边缘暴雨过程中的GPS可降水量和假相当位温分布特征     

李国翠  李国平  岳艳霞  孙云  刘伟 《南京气象学院学报》2012,4(2):125-131

利用2010年8月石家庄地基GPS反演的可降水量、地面加密自动站和常规天气资料,对由副高进退引起的河北省中南部一次强降水天气过程中GPS可降水量和地面假相当位温的演变趋势进行了详细分析.结果表明:1)此次暴雨过程是由副高边缘暖湿气流与切变线共同作用造成的,强降水区主要出现在500 hPa的584～588 dagpm线、700～850 hPa切变线之间;2)降水出现时GPS可降水量基本对应于高值阶段,强降水出现时可降水量位于峰值前后;降水出现时GPS可降水量偏离系数为正值,而强降水一般出现在偏离系数超过1时;3)对同一测站而言,GPS可降水量越大对应的实际降水越强.当测站不同时,GPS可降水量高并不一定代表更强的降水,这与测站的地理位置和海拔高度有关.4)降水出现前热力和水汽条件配置好,能量不断积累,假相当位温逐渐升至极大值.随着降水出现与能量的释放,假相当位温回落到谷值阶段,此谷值越低、持续时间越长,对应的降水也越强.  相似文献   

S波段多普勒天气雷达非降水气象回波识别   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文

李丰  刘黎平  王红艳  江源 《应用气象学报》2012,23(2):147-158

在气象条件为晴空或有云但无降水的情况下,在雷达站附近经常可观测到大面积的非降水气象回波,这些回波对定量估测降水和雷达资料同化效果产生重要影响。为了有效识别这些非降水回波,该文发展了基于模糊逻辑识别和回波分块的非降水气象回波识别算法 (NPMDA)。该文首先利用地面和卫星资料为标准,提出了非降水回波的确定标准,并利用北京SA雷达,对非降水气象回波特性进行了统计分析,得到了隶属函数。在非降水回波识别时首先采用SCIT算法将回波组合成片,然后对整个PPI进行初步的判断。对不能初步判断为降水的PPI,采用模糊逻辑的方法计算成片回波的属性值,依据成片回波的属性值得到片内回波逐点识别时的阈值,从而实现了回波的动态阈值识别。结果表明:对大部分非降水气象回波识别效果较好,对较强降水回波误判较少,弱降水回波有时会出现一定的误判。与NCAR使用的ICADA方法相比,NPMDA方法能明显提高非降水回波的识别率,减少降水回波的误判率。  相似文献   

长治高温气候特征及分析预报     

王正旺  杨艳平  程玉斌  刘颖  宋凯  江渊  薛博 《山西气象》2012,(2):12-15,34

通过对长治市1977年-2004年6月-8月出现≥35℃的高温天气的地理分布特征、时间和强度等统计研究,给出了高温天气的气候背景。从500hPa高空形势分析,归纳出造成高温天气的四种主要环流形势（两槽一脊型、纬向环流型、大陆暖高型、副高控制型）;分析了风、云、降水等气象要素与高温天气的内在联系。通过850hPa高温预报指标站的选取及数值预报产品的统计分析,给出了高温天气的综合性预报模型。  相似文献   

阜新地区1951—2010年降水变化特征     

张旭  蒋娇娇 《气象与环境科学》2012,35(3):66-70

根据阜新地区2个观测站1951-2010年逐月和逐年降水资料,通过趋势分析、Mexicohat小波变换和Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,分析了阜新地区降水的气候变化特征。结果表明：阜新地区近60 a来年降水量呈下降趋势,下降速率为10.7 mm/10a;降水量年际变化明显,极易出现旱涝灾害。除春季降水略有增加外,其他三季均呈减少趋势。年降水量和季节降水量均有准12 a和18 a的周期振荡。除春季降水量没有明显突变点外,夏、秋、冬三季均存在突变点,其中夏季降水量存在3个突变年份,分别为1967年、1978年和1986年,秋季降水量在1996年存在突变,冬季降水量在2004年存在突变。  相似文献   

测量机器人ATR性能分析与测试     

郭腾龙  岳建平 《测绘通报》2012,(8):92-94

自动目标识别(ATR)的过程可分为图像预处理、图像分割、特征提取和目标识别,其中图像分割用于目标内部结构和兴趣点的提取,性能良好的分割算法对于目标识别至关重要。由于图像分割算法受观测条件和目标位置的影响,在逆光条件及在视场中从不同方位搜索棱镜时,ATR与人工测值存在较大的偏差。基于聚类分割算法,根据不同情况下的ATR测值对其性能进行分析,对存在的问题提出解决方案。  相似文献   

基于最大后验和非局域约束的非下采样轮廓波变换域SAR图像去噪方法   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

岳春宇  江万寿 《测绘学报》2012,41(1):59-0

本文提出了一种基于最大后验和非局域约束的非下采样轮廓波变换域SAR图像去噪方法。根据SAR图像数据的特征,引入了非对数加性模型,并在该模型下对SAR图像NSCT域中的噪声分布统计建模,应用最大后验（MAP）准则和Non-Local（NL）约束相结合的方法解求SAR图像真实信号的NSCT系数。实验结果表明,本方法具有良好的去噪能力并在性能上优于当前主流方法。  相似文献