地震前兆含义,科学问题与研究途径的研讨   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

张肇诚  王贵宣 《地震》1997,17(4):429-439

地震前兆的研究已经取得了很大的进展,地震前兆的复杂性引起了广泛的关注,对地震预报、有关科学问题和探索途径的研究现状及其前景有各种评价。文章认为由于一些科学问题没有解决,尽管对中缅边境１９９５年７月连７．３级地震作出了成功预报,经验性预报有一定的局限性,文中讨论了广义地震前兆和狭义地震前兆,广义地震前兆包含二类前兆：场兆和源兆;而狭义前兆仅指后者。大陆震例前兆的系统研究证实了广义地震前兆的存在,然而  相似文献   

四川木里耳泽岩溶型金矿床形成条件和成矿机制   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

郑明华  阳正熙 《地质科学》1995,30(4):363-373

四川本里耳泽金-菱铁矿建造矿床,赋存于上二叠统海相碳酸盐岩层中,矿化受古岩溶的严格控制,组成矿石的基本矿物为菱铁矿,金不均匀地分布于菱铁矿矿体内。成矿溶液来自加热的循环地下水。成矿过程分为早阶段和中-晚阶段。成矿温度为156-210℃,成矿深度小于1km.成矿物质主要来自地层。成矿热液呈碱性和弱还原性,贫硫,含中等盐度。矿床形成时的地质构造环境较稳定。这是我国仅见的一种特殊金矿类型。  相似文献   

A general solution of Poisson''s equation in three dimensions for disk galaxies     

Tong Yi  Zheng Xue-tang 《Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics》1982,6(4):319-324

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“地理学公理”质疑——与楚义芳同志商榷     

王铮  吴必虎 《地理学报》1991,(1)

本文运用地理学和物理学的规律进行论证,认为楚义芳同志在《地理学的逻辑方法与基本法则》一文中提出的“地理学公理”不能成立。并在此基础上进一步阐明一个公理体系不适合于地理学,而经验假设则是绝对必要的。  相似文献   

Sulfur Isotope Fractionation in Magmatic Systems：Models of Rayleigh Distillation and Selective Flux   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

郑永飞 《中国地球化学学报》1990,9(1):27-45

The effect of Rayleigh distillation by outgassing of SO2 and H2S on the isotopic composition of sulfur remaining in silicate melts is quantitatively modelled.A threshold mole fraction of sulfur in sulfide component of the melts is reckoned to be of critical importance in shifting the δ^34S of the melts mith respect to the original magmas.The partial equilibrium fractionation in a magmatic system is evaluated by assuming that a non-equilibrium flux of sulfur occurs between magmatic volatiles and the melts,while an equilibrium fractionation is approached between sulfate and sulfide within the melts.The results show that under high fo2 conditions,the sulfate/sulfide ratio in a melt entds to increase,and the δ^34S value of sulfur in a solidified rock might then be shifted in the positive direction.This may either be due to Rayleigh outgassing in case the mole fraction of sulfide is less than the threshold,or due to a unidirectional increase in δ^34S value of the sulfate with decreaing temperature,Conversely,at low fo2,the sulfate/sulfide ratio tends to decrease and the δ^34S value of total sulfur could be driven in the negative direction,either because of the Rayleigh outgassing in case the mole fraction of sulfide is greater than the threshold,or because of a unidirectional decrease inδ^34S value of the sulfide.To establish isotopic equilibrium between sulfate and sulfide,the HM,QFM or WM buffers in the magmatic system are suggested to provide the redox couple that could simultaneously reduce the sulfate and oxidize the sulfide.CaO present in the silicatte Melts is also called upon to participate in the chemical equilibrium between sulfate and sulfide,Consequently,the δ^34S value of an igneous rock could considerably deviate from that of its original magma due to the influence of oxygen fugacity and temperature at the time of magma solidification.  相似文献   

Carbon-oxygen isotopic covariation in hydrothermal calcite during degassing of CO2     

Y. -F. Zheng 《Mineralium Deposita》1990,25(4):246-250

The effect of the outgassing of CO₂ from a hydrothermal fluid on the C- and O-isotopic compositions of calcite, which is precipitated from this fluid, is quantitatively modelled in terms of batch and Rayleigh distillation equations. Both CO₂ degassing and calcite precipitation are considered to be the removal mechanisms for dissolved carbon species from the fluid. Combined degassing-precipitation models are then developed by taking H₂CO₃ and HCO ₃ ^– , respectively, as the dominant dissolved carbon species. A positive correlation array between ¹³C and ¹³O values of calcite can be yielded by the precipitation of calcite from a H₂CO ₃ ^– -dominant fluid, accompanied by a progressive decrease in temperature during CO₂ degassing, whereas calcite precipitated from a HCO ₃ ^– -dominant fluid under the same conditions tends to display much smaller variation in ¹³C values than in ¹⁸O values. The combined processes of CO₂ degassing and calcite precipitation result in lowering the ¹³C value of calcites with respect to those precipitated in a closed system simply due to temperature effect. Carbon and oxygen isotopic data for calcite from the Kushikino gold-mining area in Japan illustrate the application of quantitative modelling, and degassing of CO₂ is suggested as a more likely cause for the precipitation of the calcite and quartz in this mining area.  相似文献   

The structure of the broad line region in Fairall 9     

Paul T. O'Brien  Wei Zheng 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1990,171(1-2):77-80

We find that the profile changes observed for the UV emission lines L,Civ 1549, and MgIII 2798, in the Seyfert 1 galaxy Fairall 9 occur mainly near the line centre for L andCiv and in the wings for MgIII. These results indicate that the broad line region (BLR) has a complex structure, possibly with non-spherical components.Paper presented at the 11th European Regional Astronomical Meetings of the IAU on New Windows to the Universe, held 3–8 July, 1989, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.  相似文献   

基于GIS的中国县级尺度交通便利性分析   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

夏海斌  戴霄晔  王莹  王铮 《地域研究与开发》2006,25(3):120-124,F0002

文章以全国各县市的日航空、铁路班次数及高速公路、国道、省道、县乡道里程作为数据基础，给出了计算中国县级尺度交通便利性程度的模型，并运用相关模型与GIS技术得到中国县级尺度交通便利性的指标体系。从对中国现阶段交通便利性的空间布局进行综合分析发现中国交通便利性的分界线与“胡焕庸线”相一致；中国省内各县市的交通便利性差距较大；中国一些沿海经济区已经形成交通连绵区而内地的多数地区主要是以省会城市为聚集中心等。  相似文献   

U-Pb, Hf and O isotope evidence for two episodes of fluid-assisted zircon growth in marble-hosted eclogites from the Dabie orogen   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

Yuan-Bao Wu  Yong-Fei Zheng  Zi-Fu Zhao  Bing Gong  Fu-Yuan Wu 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2006,70(14):3743-3761

A combined study of internal structure, U-Pb age, and Hf and O isotopes was carried out for metamorphic zircons from ultrahigh-pressure eclogite boudins enclosed in marbles from the Dabie orogen in China. CL imaging identifies two types of zircon that are metamorphically new growth and recrystallized domain, respectively. The metamorphic zircons have low Th and U contents with low Th/U ratios, yielding two groups of ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age at 245 ± 3 to 240 ± 2 Ma and 226 ± 4 to 223 ± 2 Ma, respectively. Anomalously high δ¹⁸O values were obtained for refractory minerals, with 9.9 to 21.4‰ for garnet and 16.9‰ for zircon. This indicates that eclogite protolith is sedimentary rocks capable of liberating aqueous fluid for zircon growth during continental subduction-zone metamorphism. Most of the zircons are characterized by very low ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios of 0.000001-0.000028, indicating their growth in association with garnet recrystallization. A few of them falling within the older age group have comparatively high ¹⁷⁶Lu/¹⁷⁷Hf ratios of 0.000192-0.000383, suggesting their growth prior to the formation of garnet in the late stage of subduction. The variations in the Lu/Hf ratios for zircons can thus be used to correlate with garnet growth during eclogite-facies metamorphism. In either case, the zircons have variable ε_Hf (t) values for individual samples, suggesting that their protolith is heterogeneous in Hf isotope composition with localized fluid availability in the bulk processes of orogenic cycle. Nevertheless, a positive correlation exists between ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U ages and Lu-Hf isotope ratios for the metamorphically recrystallized zircons, suggesting that eclogite-facies metamorphism in the presence of fluid has the identical effect on zircon Lu-Hf and U-Th-Pb isotopic systems. We conclude that the zircons of the older group grew in the presence of fluid during the subduction prior to the onset of peak ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, whereas the younger zircons grew in the presence of fluid released during the initial exhumation toward high-pressure eclogite-facies regime.  相似文献   

Postcollisional flow of aqueous fluid within ultrahigh-pressure eclogite in the Dabie orogen   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Tian-Shan Gao  Song-Shan Wang  Bing Gong  Yuan-Bao Wu  Yong-Fei Zheng   《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):115

A combined study of chronometric dating and oxygen isotope analysis for minerals from vein and host eclogite as well as regional country-rock gneiss in the Dabie orogen provides a direct constraint on timing of fluid flow in this orogen formed by continental collision. Oxygen isotope ratios of vein minerals are significantly lower than those of the host eclogite, but comparable with those of the regional gneiss. This suggests the veining fluid came from the regional gneiss (i.e. exhumed slab itself) rather than the host eclogite. While zircon U–Pb and phengite Ar–Ar dating yields ages of 214 to 222 Ma for the eclogite and gneiss, the vein gives a quartz–muscovite Rb–Sr isochron age of 181 Ma and a muscovite K–Ar age of 179 Ma. Thus the veining postdates the Triassic ultrahigh pressure metamorphic event, witnessing postcollisional fluid flow after the orogenic cycle of continental collision.  相似文献