REE, Mn, Fe, Mg and C, O Isotopic Geochemistry of Calcites from Furong Tin Deposit, South China: Evidence for the Genesis of the Hydrothermal Ore-forming Fluids     

Yan Shuang  Xian-Wu Bi  Rui-Zhong Hu  Jian-Tang Peng  Hang Li  Da-Hua Li    Chang-Sheng Zhu 《Resource Geology》2010,60(1):18-34

The Furong tin deposit in the central Nanling region, South China, consists of three main types of mineralization ores, i.e. skarn-, altered granite- and greisen-type ores, hosted in Carboniferous and Permian strata and Mesozoic granitic intrusions. Calcite is the dominant gangue mineral intergrown with ore bodies in the orefield. We have carried out REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg geochemical and C, and O isotopic studies on calcites to constrain the source and evolution of the ore-forming fluids. The calcites from the Furong deposit exhibit middle negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*= 0.311–0.921), except for one which has an Eu/Eu* of 1.10, with the total REE content of 5.49–133 ppm. The results show that the calcites are characterized by two types of REE distribution patterns: a LREE-enriched pattern and a flat REE pattern. The LREE-enriched pattern of calcites accompanying greisen-type ore and skarn-type ore are similar to those of Qitianling granite. The REE, Mn, Fe, and Mg abundances of calcites exhibit a decreasing tendency from granite rock mass to wall rock, i.e. these abundances of calcites associated with altered granite-type and greisen-type ores are higher than those associated with skarn-type ores. The calcites from primary ores in the Furong deposit show large variation in carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions. The δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O of calcites are −0.4 to −12.7‰ and 2.8 to 16.4‰, respectively, and mainly fall within the range between mantle or magmatic carbon and marine carbonate. The calcites from greisen and altered granite ores in the Furong deposit display a negative correlation in the diagram of δ¹³C versus δ¹⁸O, probably owing to the CO₂-degassing of the ore-forming fluids. From the intrusion to wall-rock, the calcites display an increasing tendency with respect to δ¹³C values. This implies that the carbon isotopic compositions of the ore-bearing fluids have progressively changed from domination by magmatic carbon to sedimentary carbonate carbon. In combination with other geological and geochemical data, we suggest that the ore-forming fluids represent magmatic origin. We believe that the fluids exsolved from fractionation of the granitic magma, accompanying magmatism of the Qitianling granite complex, were involved in the mineralization of the Furong tin polymetallic deposit.  相似文献   

中国海相油气田勘探实例之十三 塔里木盆地东河塘海相砂岩油田勘探与发现   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

周新源  杨海军  胡剑风  朱永峰 《海相油气地质》2010,15(1):73-78

东河塘油田位于新疆库车县,构造上隶属于塔里木盆地塔北隆起轮台凸起东河塘断裂构造带,是我国发现的第一个高产高丰度海相砂岩油田,它的发现是中国海相砂岩油气勘探理论和实践的一次重大突破。油田发现于1990年7月,至1994年探明石油地质储量3323.13×104t,天然气地质储量15.5×108m3,至2009年底累计产原油825.75×104t。石炭系东河砂岩油藏是东河塘油田的主体,其储层东河砂岩段是一套滨岸相砂体,具有厚度巨大、埋深大、储集性能好的特点;其油藏类型为块状底水背斜油藏,产能高,储量丰度高。论述了东河塘油田勘探与发现的历程,剖析了取得勘探成功的实践认识与意义。  相似文献   

Implication of coupled natural and human systems in sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in HKH region   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Shikui Dong  Lu Wen  Lei Zhu  Xiaoyan Li 《Frontiers of Earth Science》2010,4(1):42-50

The sustainable development of rangeland ecosystems, the vital ecosystems providing many important ecosystem services for millions of people in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya region is presently confronted with a number of challenges. A coupled natural and human systems approach is needed to facilitate effective collaboration among social scientists, bio/physical scientists, and management practitioners to better understand how people interact with the environment in which they live. In pursuing this argument, three existing case studies, i.e. Indigenous rangeland management in Himalayan Nepal, Cultivated Grassland Systems in Eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, and Grassland Restoration in Central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were synthesized in this paper to address the importance of coupled natural and human systems in promoting sustainable rangeland ecosystem management in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region. It was concluded although the research sites and objectives were very different, that these three case studies had many commonalities that addressed the complex interactions and feedbacks between natural and human systems, and highlighted the integration of various tools and techniques from the ecological and social sciences, as well as other disciplines, in sustainable rangeland management. These case studies have offered unique interdisciplinary insights into complexities that cannot be gained from ecological or social research alone. The results from these case studies can be applied to many other coupled systems at local, national, and global levels.  相似文献   

地勘单位经济运行中关键环节管理与执行力问题探讨     

朱永飞  姬玉平 《中国煤炭地质》2010,(1):70-72

对地勘单位经济运行中的资金管理、成本管理、制度管理等三个关键环节的作用及运行状况进行分析,指出其运行过程中存在的三个共性问题,即制度不健全,经营机制不完善;成本管理滞后,经济效益不明显;资金管理不规范,经济运行质量不高。地勘单位经济运行执行力就是地勘单位实现经济运行目标的能力。提高地勘单位经济运行执行力的关键是解决经济运行中存在的问题,为此提出了建立健全制度、完善经营机制,强化资金管理、确保生产经营正常进行,加强成本管理、提高经济运行质量等对策和措施。探索地勘单位提升管理水平,增强管理执行力,推动煤田地质经济健康持续发展。  相似文献   

Reclamation-oriented spatiotemporal evolution of coastal wetland along Bohai Rim,China     

Fan Wei  Mei Han  Guangxuan Han  Min Wang  Lixin Tian  Jiqian Zhu  Xianglun Kong 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(9):192-204

Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas.  相似文献   

Last glacial terrestrial vegetation record of leaf wax n-alkanols in the northern South China Sea: Contrast to scenarios from long-chain n-alkanes     

Shengyi Mao  Guodong Jia  Xiaowei Zhu  Nengyou Wu  Daidai Wu  Hongxiang Guan  Lihua Liu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(8):22-30

Long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes in core sediments from the northern South China Sea (SCS) were measured to make a comparison during terrestrial vegetation reconstruction from ~42 ka to ~7 ka. The results showed that terrestrial vegetation record from long-chain n-alkanes matched well with previous studies in nearby cores, showing that more C₄ plants developed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and C₃ plants dominated in the interglacial period. However, these scenarios were not revealed by terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanols, which showed C₃ plant expansion during the LGM. The discrepancy during the interglacial period could be attributed to the aerobic degradation of functionalized long-chain n-alkanols in the oxygen-rich bottom water, resulting in poor preservation of terrestrial vegetation signals. On the other hand, the different advantages of functionalized n-alkanols and non-functional n-alkanes to record local and distal vegetation signals, respectively, may offer a potential explanation for the contradiction during the LGM when the SCS was characterized by low-oxygen deep water. Nevertheless, large variations on n-alkyl lipid compositions in C₃/C₄ plants could play a part in modulating sedimentary long-chain n-alkanols and n-alkanes toward different vegetation signals, thereby suggesting that caution must be taken in respect to the terrestrial vegetation reconstruction using long-chain n-alkanes and long-chain n-alkanols.  相似文献   

Simulating the influence of various nutrient sources on hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary     

Jingjing Zheng  Shan Gao  Guimei Liu  Yun Li  Zhijie Li  Xueming Zhu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(11):58-72

Hypoxia is increasingly reported off the Changjiang River Estuary with the confluence of multiple high volume nutrient sources. The Regional Ocean Modeling System coupled with a biological model was used to analyze the effect of different nutrient sources on the development of hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary. By comparing to observed data, our model suitably captured the regional dynamics of chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient concentration. A series of sensitivity experiments were conducted to investigate the hypoxia response to the various nutrient sources, such as loading from the Changjiang River, Kuroshio and Taiwan Warm Current. Our model results indicated that nutrients from different sources significantly influenced the hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary, and it was mostly affected by nutrients sourced from the Kuroshio. The nutrients input from the Changjiang River had larger impacts on the hypoxia in the north of 30°N than that in the south of 30°N. The nutrients sourced from the Taiwan Strait had a least influence on the hypoxia off the Changjiang River Estuary.  相似文献   

HY-1C/D卫星中国海洋水色水温扫描仪几何定位方法     

刘建阳  毛志华  陶邦一  马力  朱乾坤  黄海清  刘建强  丁静 《海洋学报》2022,44(5):47-61

海洋一号C/D（HY-1C/D）卫星中国海洋水色水温扫描仪（Chinese Ocean Color and Temperature Scanner,COCTS）主要用于探测海洋水色、水温等要素,这些要素需要经过卫星资料处理才能获取,而几何定位是预处理的核心,直接影响这些要素的质量。COCTS具有114°视场角和四元逐点摆扫的特征,据此研究出一套完整的几何定位方法。从0级数据中提取卫星星历,利用插值法从中获取采样时间对应的卫星位置和速度,进而得到轨道（ORB）坐标系到地心旋转（ECR）坐标系的转换矩阵。基于四元逐点摆扫的特征,中心视矢量分别绕X轴、Y轴旋转相应角度,获得扫描行各采样点ORB视矢量,建立视矢量与地球交叉点关系模型,从而对根据波段数据绘制的遥感图像进行地理定位。本文使用插值法替代了传统需要6个轨道根数来计算卫星位置的复杂方法,同时直接计算ORB到ECR的转换矩阵,而不采用传统的两步转换方法。经过多组数据计算及定性定量验证,HY-1C/D COCTS几何定位结果一致;采样像元尺度效应导致从星下点到两侧边缘、从赤道到两极,误差逐渐增大,约在两个像元内。该方法满足一定的定位精度要求,可以用于COCTS的几何定位。  相似文献   

海洋地球工程的研究进展与相关国际法探析          下载免费PDF全文

李纪  王莹  何柳  陈荣  高咏卉 《海洋开发与管理》2022,39(2):21-28

全球气候变化及其引发的负面影响是当今人类面临的最大挑战之一,地球工程因被认为是减缓甚至扭转气候变化的切实可行的方案之一而备受关注。为推动地球工程技术的发展和相关国际法的完善,文章分析海洋施肥、人工上升流、人工海洋碱化、海洋云增白和海底造墙5种海洋地球工程的技术原理、研究进展及其在具体实施中对现行国际法的挑战。研究结果表明:无论是处于理论模拟阶段还是处于实验阶段,上述海洋地球工程技术都显示其减缓气候变化的潜力,同时也存在对海洋环境和人类生活的潜在风险;由于科学的不确定性和国际法的模糊性,各项技术在实际应用中都存在与国际法的冲突或适用问题,但目前从科研实践角度分析具体技术涉及的相关国际法问题的研究较少;虽然应在国际法框架下进行探索性研究,然而目前有关地球工程技术的国际法在理论研究和实践应用中仍存在很多争议。因此,必须加强对地球工程技术的研究,将技术风险降到最低,并在科学探索中做好环境基线研究,完善技术探索的环境影响评估方法;随着旨在减缓气候变化的小规模地球工程研究得到越来越多的支持,更应明确地球工程技术在国际法中的地位,建立合理的法律框架,推进国际法的改进。  相似文献   

南沙群岛南科1井白云岩发育特征及铁白云石成因机制的初步研究*     

韩雪  徐维海  罗云  黎刚  刘建国  朱小畏  程俊  苗莉  向荣  颜文 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(5):74-88

南海自新生代以来发育了大量的碳酸盐岩台地和生物礁, 并普遍发生白云岩化作用, 具有广阔的油气勘探前景。文章通过开展岩相学观察、矿物学分析、常微量元素和碳氧同位素分析, 同时结合Fe组分及Fe同位素地球化学分析, 对南沙群岛南科1井白云岩的发育特征和成岩环境进行了系统研究。结果表明: 南科1井上中新统—下更新统白云岩主要形成于近地表环境中, 溶蚀孔隙发育, 残余结构明显。白云岩层中发育有多个与暴露成因有关的界面, 未发现石膏层的存在。同时, 白云岩普遍具有低Fe、Mn和Sr的特征以及与现代海水相似的REE分布模式, δ¹³C和δ¹⁸O多为正值, 但不存在相关性。整体来看, 白云岩可能形成于轻微蒸发海水的渗透回流作用, 还受到了与古气候变冷有关的海平面下降的控制。此外, 南科1井岩芯中多个层位发育铁白云石, 并且集中分布在暴露面附近。Fe组分和Fe同位素组成结果显示, 白云岩中Fe主要来源于海水中碳酸盐的沉淀, 成岩过程中基本不存在额外的陆源或热液来源的Fe混入。铁白云石主要形成于低温和浅埋藏环境中, 大气淡水对生物骨架、生物碎屑以及自生碳酸盐矿物的淋滤-溶解作用为其提供了重要的物质来源。作为生物礁体暴露地表期间的产物, 铁白云石的发育层位可能指示着低海平面时期。  相似文献