Global snowmelt flood disasters and their impact from 1900 to 2020北大核心CSCD     

崔曼仪  周刚  张大弘  张世强 《冰川冻土》2022,44(6):1898-1911

Under the background of climate warming, the occurrence time, frequency, intensity, and impact of snowmelt flood disasters have changed significantly. Thus, establishing a global snowmelt flood disaster database is particularly important for disaster risk management. With the help of a web crawler, and based on multiple data sources such as natural disaster databases, documents, books, government agency websites, and news media, this study collected relevant information of snowmelt floods and mixed floods and established standards for identifying snowmelt flood events and their disaster impacts based on data from the different sources. Following the screening, sorting, fusion, and integration of snowmelt flood events, a global snowmelt flood disaster dataset containing 579 pieces of data with strong pertinence and reliability was constructed. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of global snowmelt flood disasters from 1900 to 2020 were preliminarily analyzed. The results showed that the snowmelt floods were mainly distributed between 30° N and 60° N, with more mixed floods south of 50° N and more snowmelt floods north of 50° N. Spring was the period of highest incidence of snowmelt flood disasters, followed by winter, summer, and autumn, respectively. The snowmelt floods that occurred in spring, autumn, and winter were mainly at 40°~50° N, and the snowmelt floods that occurred in summer were mainly at 30°~40° N. Compared with the snowmelt floods, the mixed floods were more frequent and more destructive, and their frequency increased with climate warming. The results provide a scientific basis for risk prevention and loss assessment of global snowmelt flood disasters. © 2022 Science Press (China).  相似文献   

周向应力在地壳运动中的作用     

毛小平  陆旭凌弘  王晓明  范晓杰  耿涛  王昊宸 《地学前缘》2020,27(1):221-233

地壳运动的驱动力一直存在争议。目前虽然提出了很多假说,但这些假说所描述的驱动力数量级均较小,不足以推动地壳运动;另外,大量实际地应力测量表明,水平主压应力在三个地应力分量中最大,被看作地壳“异常”压力,其机理也没有统一的认识。因此,有必要弄清楚地壳运动的动力来源是什么及为什么会出现这种水平应力占主导的现象。受背斜构造或石拱桥的侧向支撑的启发,通过地球模型受力分析得出,地壳作为球壳在自重下会相互挤压,在圆周方向产生很强的周向应力。周向应力大于重力,且由重力派生,和实测的地应力特征是一致的。推测该应力在20 km深处约为900 MPa,足以驱动板块运动(>500 MPa)。因软流圈是可流动的,其上面的岩石圈只要存在薄弱带,该应力就会释放,板块之间从而产生相对运动。整个洋壳和拱桥类似,在该力的作用下,会在俯冲带处下插至陆壳深部,俯冲带就是岩石圈的薄弱区,它因此会承担部分甚至全部洋壳的重量。最后提出,没有独立于重力的、可独立起作用的构造力或碰撞力,周向应力是地壳运动的唯一具有足够数量级的驱动力。  相似文献   

建立不均质地壳内孕育的大地震预报模型     

梅田康弘  祁英男 《地震科技情报》1999,(1):60-65

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柱端隔震夹层橡胶垫力学性能试验研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

刘文光  周福霖  庄学真  加藤泰正  三山刚史  冯德民  郑炳辉  李峥嵘 《地震工程与工程振动》1999,19(3):121-126

本文详细地研究了夹层橡胶隔震垫的回转刚性,给出了回转刚性与竖向压力及切变形的相关性能。  相似文献   

二代玉米螟卵峰日与气象条件的关系及预报   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

司奉泰  黄善斌 《山东气象》1999,(2)

利用２４年的资料,研究了二代玉米螟发生期与气象条件的关系。建立了卵峰日发生的长、中、短期预报模式。研究结果表明：温度是影响二代玉米螟发生的主导因子,平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、５ｃｍ地温等因子均对二代玉米螟卵峰日有显著的影响。玉米螟发育进程遵循有效积温法则;降水量和雨日偏多,对发育进程有延缓作用。所建立的预报模式经检验效果较好。  相似文献   

东北法罗陆缘的大规模海底滑坡     

Tjee.  CE 陈弘 《海洋地质》1999,(3):57-68

东北法罗大陆边缘的高分辨率地震剖面显示中部和下部陆坡有大规模的滑塌和滑坡,它们对中新世,上新世和第四系的沉积产生一定的影响。上陆坡的重力流积有一部分被较新的沉积物所覆盖,据推测较新的沉积为等深流沉积。ＴＯＢＩ深海拖曳旁侧声级及深潜透声显示,上陆坡的滑塌复合体包手隐伏的滑动岩面,瓶颈滑坡,泥石流舌状体和一系列浅层滑坡。发生在中部和下部陆坡的滑坡似乎时代较新,显示为一形状不规则的陡立主滑动岩面和大型完  相似文献   

保山西邑地区早石炭世海百合化石埋葬特征探讨     

杨海林  陈重泰 《云南地质》2000,19(3):254-262

云南保山西邑地区早石炭世碳酸盐岩地层中海百合化石极为丰富,结合该区碳酸盐岩结构所反映的沉积时期海水的物理性质及能量特点,针对岩层中海百合及伴生化石的埋葬特征进行了研究,探讨其指相意义。  相似文献   

基于重心-GTWR模型的京津冀城市群研究     

王海军  张彬  刘耀林  刘艳芳  徐姗  赵雲泰  陈宇琛  洪松 《地理学报(英文版)》2020,30(2):297-318

Research into urban expansion patterns and their driving forces is of great significance for urban agglomeration development planning and decision-making.In this paper,we reveal the multi-dimensional characteristics of urban expansion patterns,based on the intensity index of the urban expansion,the differentiation index of the urban expansion,the fractal dimension index,the land urbanization rate,and the center of gravity model,by taking the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(Jing-Jin-Ji)urban agglomeration as an example.We then build the center of gravity-geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR)model by coupling the center of gravity model with the GTWR model.Through the analysis of the temporal and spatial patterns and by using the center of gravity-GTWR model,we analyze the driving forces of the urban land expansion and summarize the dominant development modes and core driving forces of the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration.The results show that:1)Between 1990 and 2015,the expansion intensity of the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration showed a down-up-down trend,and the peak period was in 2005-2010.Before 2005,high-speed development took place in Beijing,Tianjin,Baoding,and Langfang;after 2005,rapid development was seen in Xingtai and Handan.2)Although the barycenter of cities in the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration has shown a divergent trend,the local interaction between cities has been enhanced,and the driving forces of urban land expansion have shown a characteristic of spatial spillover.3)The spatial development mode of the Jing-Jin-Ji urban agglomeration has changed from a dual-core development mode to a multi-core development mode,which is made up of three functional cores:the transportation core in the northern part,the economic development core in the central part,and the investment core in the southern part.The synergistic development between each functional core has led to the multi-core development mode.4)The center of gravity-GTWR model combines the analysis of spatial and temporal nonstationarity with urban spatial interaction,and analyzes the urban land expansion as a space-time dynamic system.The results of this study show that the model is a feasible approach in the analysis of the driving forces of urban land expansion.  相似文献   

连续两天局地冰雹天气过程的分析     

苏小山  谢韶  萧飞 《气象研究与应用》2009,30(Z2)

2009年3月28～29日茂名地区连续两天出现局部性冰雹天气,针对预报上的难点,局部性和强对流天气进行了分析.结果表明,这次连续性局部的冰雹天气过程的环境场是由于高层小波动东传,地面弱冷空气扩散南下;动力场表现是低层辐合、高层辐散的垂直配置以及垂直方向上存在明显的风切变造成的;另外单站各种不稳定性指数的异常变化以及小尺度风矢量变化也有利强对流天气的发生.  相似文献   

桂粤交界地区前汛期一次强降水过程分析     

蔡孙平  苏小山  谢韶  陈冰 《气象研究与应用》2010,31(Z2)

利用micaps地面常规资料、探空资料、卫星云图、NCEP/NCAR每6h再分析资料等,通过分析2010年6月1-2日两广交界地区的暴雨局部大暴雨过程的环流系统演变特征,对此次强对流发生的动力、水汽条件和能量条件进行诊断分析,探讨本地暴雨天气发生的物理机制,为改进和提高本地区强降水天气的分析预报能力,积累预报经验。  相似文献