Genetic relation between Holocene transgression and chemical composition of the shallow groundwater in Hangzhou, China     

Huan-Xin Weng  Xue-Wen Ma  Qun Cheng  Jiu J. Jiao  Ya-Chao Qin 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(8):1111-1119

The shallow groundwater in Hangzhou area has the characteristics of high mineralization, high salinity and high contents of iron and manganese. Statistical analyses and the experiments of simulation show that the Holocene transgressive strata has a crucial effect on the formation of chemical composition of the shallow groundwater in the plain area of Hanghzhou. The degree of transgression is in consonance with the variation tendency of the thickness of the transgressive strata. The chemical compositions of the subsurface water in the hilly area depend on the lithology of the aquifers.  相似文献   

Measurement of free heavy metal ion concentrations in soils using Donnan membrane technique     

易丽洪业汤  翁丽萍朱咏煊 《中国地球化学学报》2005,24(2):184-188

In natural systems heavy metals are present in very low concentrations (less than micro-molar) , so precise measurement of the free metal ions is difficult. Recently, a new method has been developed called the Donnan membrane technique (DMT). Several heavy metals could be measured simultaneously using this method. Furthermore, all the metals did not interfere with each other, and the balance between the measured system and the surrounding condition could not be disturbed. Improvements were made according to the internal condition. The free heavy metal ion concentrations were measured in different systems using the improved method, and satisfied results have been obtained.  相似文献   

复杂速度模型的地震交切定位方法   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

赵爱华  丁志峰 《应用地球物理》2007,4(4):294-300

交切法是最基本的地震定位方法之一,该定位方法具有稳定性强、速度快的优点。由于速度模型假设为均匀或水平均匀介质,与实际介质有较大偏差,因此定位精度较低,特别是震源深度。为克服传统交切法的缺点,我们对其进行了改进。在改进的方法中,震源轨迹不再假设为圆形或双曲线形,而是利用最小走时树射线追踪方法进行精确计算。数值模型计算表明,本文提出的改进方法,可用于复杂速度模型的地震定位。  相似文献   

过去2 000年中国东南地区气温与降水的集成重建与分析     

温飞  游爱华  薛积彬 《热带地理》2021,41(4):778-789

筛选和利用中国东南地区（大致范围为105o E以东、30o N以南）16个站点的多种气候代用指标序列,重建了东南地区过去2 000年以来的气温与降水变化过程,并探讨了其可能的影响机制。研究发现,东南地区气温集成序列与其他学者重建的中国温度序列、北半球温度序列等均具有较好的可比性,一些百年尺度的典型特征气候时期,如黑暗时代冷期、中世纪暖期、近代小冰期以及20世纪现代暖期等均有显著的体现;降水集成序列显示东南地区在过去2 000年中干湿阶段性变化较为明显,特别是在中世纪暖期时降水整体上较为偏多,而在小冰期的前半段降水偏少、后半段降水偏多。总体来看,近2 000年来我国东南地区的气温与降水变化经历了较为多样的水热组合过程。值得指出地是,东南地区降水集成序列与已有的中国北方地区多条降水重建序列相互间可比性较弱,反映了中国东部季风区由南到北降水变化及其影响机制具有很大的区域性差异。分析认为,大尺度海—气相互作用、火山活动以及太阳辐射量变化等对我国东南地区过去2 000年的气候环境变化具有显著影响。  相似文献   

平流层爆发性增温动力机制的初步研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

翁衡毅 《大气科学》1984,8(3):304-314

本文用一个β平面纬向通道非绝热准地转的三层模式,研究平流层爆发性增温的动力机制.根据平均场对扰动的影响、扰动对平均场的影响以及平流层和对流层相互作用的解析表达式,得出有利于爆发性增温有关的自由行波异常增幅的大气条件.主要包括对流层的强感热交换、强切变和平流层的小静力稳定度. 模式大气的纬向平均温度和纬向风场变化都只由扰动热输送引起.整个增温过程按其产生、发展和消失的不同机制可分成三个时期:增温前期、增温盛期和增温后期.这些机制可以大致说明一些爆发性增温期间平流层和对流层大气环流出现异常以及随后又恢复到正常  相似文献   

Coupled mobilization of dissolved organic matter and metals (Cu and Zn) in soil columns   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Lu Y.L. Zhao  Liping Weng 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2007,71(14):3407-3418

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a key component involved in metal displacement in soils. In this study, we investigated the concentration profiles of soil-borne DOC, Cu and Zn at various irrigation rates with synthetic rain water under quasi steady-state conditions, using repacked soil columns with a metal-polluted topsoil and two unpolluted subsoils. Soil solution was collected using suction cups installed at centimeter intervals over depth. In the topsoil the concentrations of DOC, dissolved metals (Zn and Cu), major cations (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺) and anions ( and ) increased with depth. In the subsoil, the Cu and Zn concentrations dropped to background levels within 2 cm. All compounds were much faster mobilized in the first 4 cm than in the rest of the topsoil. DOC and Cu concentrations were higher at higher flow rates for a given depth, whereas the concentrations of the other ions decreased with increasing flow rate. The decomposition of soil organic matter resulted in the formation of DOC, , and and was the main driver of the system. Regression analysis indicated that Cu mobilization was governed by DOC, whereas Zn mobilization was primarily determined by Ca and to a lesser extent by DOC. Labile Zn and Cu²⁺ concentrations were well predicted by the NICA-Donnan model. The results highlight the value of high-resolution in-situ measurements of DOC and metal mobilization in soil profiles.  相似文献   

Uncertainty of AMSU-A derived temperature trends in relationship with clouds and precipitation over ocean     

F. Weng  X. Zou  Z. Qin 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(5-6):1439-1448

Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) observations from a series of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration satellites have been extensively utilized for estimating the atmospheric temperature trend. For a given atmospheric temperature condition, the emission and scattering of clouds and precipitation modulate MSU and AMSU-A brightness temperatures. In this study, the effects of the radiation from clouds and precipitation on AMSU-A derived atmospheric temperature trend are assessed using the information from AMSU-A window channels. It is shown that the global mean temperature in the low and middle troposphere has a larger warming rate (about 20–30 % higher) when the cloud-affected radiances are removed from AMSU-A data. It is also shown that the inclusion of cloud-affected radiances in the trend analysis can significantly offset the stratospheric cooling represented by AMSU-A channel 9 over the middle and high latitudes of Northern Hemisphere.  相似文献   

云南省大理州区域性强降雨的影响系统及其特征分析          下载免费PDF全文

黄慧君  李庆红  高月忠 《高原山地气象研究》2014,34(3):45-50

利用云南省大理州12个气象站1980~2008年29a的逐日气象观测资料及MICAPS资料,根据天气学原理,分析统计出产生大理州区域性强降雨天气的主要影响系统为切变线、西南低涡、两高辐合区、孟加拉湾风暴、南支槽和西行台风低压等,并统计出强降水过程影响系统的发生频率,在此基础上对各种影响系统进行归纳总结,提炼出产生大理州区域性强降雨影响系统的主要环流特征和预报着眼点。  相似文献   

中尺度天气图分析技术在2011年我国南方4次强降水过程中的应用     

许爱华  谌芸 《气象》2013,39(7):883-893

对12 h 50 mm以上的强降水带的预报,模式输出的降水资料是预报的重要依据,但是有时偏差可达100～200 km.本文尝试依据国家气象中心2010年下发的《中尺度天气图分析技术规范(暂行稿)》,利用探空资料,对2011年6月我国南方梅雨期间强降水过程中4次12 h最强降水时段的环境场进行中尺度天气图分析,得到了有利于梅雨锋附近的强降水的预报着眼点,给出了判断强降水落区的一些参考依据.700 hPa以下西南(偏南)急流汇合区,在这些地区,具备了较强的动力、水汽辐合和一定的风垂直切变.地面气压槽中低于日变化的3h变压低值区(中心)易形成变压风辐合流场,也是强降水易发区(中心).多数情况下锋面可以作为强降水南界,但当925 hPa暖切变位于地面锋面南侧(附近),强降水发生在锋前暖区,10 m·s-1以上西南急流所能到达的纬度可作为南界.500 hPa槽前≥18 m·s-1中层西南急流轴一般可作为50 mm以上的强降水区域的北界,但当925 hPa切变位置与中层西南急流位置重叠或位于其北侧时,则以700 hPa切变为北边界.将这些判据应用于多次强降水天气时段中,并与日本模式输出降水比较,在强雨带南北界以及降水中心方面有订正作用.中尺度天气图分析技术及预报思路是订正模式对强降水落区预报的有效手段之一.  相似文献   

2016年6月赣北两次对流性暴雨过程对比分析          下载免费PDF全文

周雨  盛志军  许爱华  支树林 《气象与减灾研究》2016,39(4):269-276

利用常规气象观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°FNL资料和多普勒雷达、卫星TBB等资料,对2016年6月1—2日和18—19日江西省北部两次对流性暴雨过程进行对比分析。结果表明,高空冷涡、西太平洋副热带高压、中低层急流、高空槽等共同作用导致两次暴雨发生。中层有冷空气影响,低层深厚西南急流维持时,更利于降水的对流性特征维持。两次暴雨过程强降水由低质心较强回波的“列车效应”造成。强降水回波带有多单体风暴和强降水超级单体风暴特征时,强降水效率更高。两次过程水汽收支中水汽通量散度项由正转负,水汽垂直输送项由负转正,中低层水汽辐合将低层大量水汽向上输送至中高层,利于强降水的形成。差动涡度平流中心与上升运动中心吻合,其导致垂直动力强迫,促进扰动不稳定和垂直运动的发展。强上升运动区南北两侧垂直经向环流和反环流的形成,为强暴雨的发生维持提供了持续的强水汽水平输送和辐合抬升条件。  相似文献