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国际山地研究计划的启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
国际山地研究不断取得重要进展的一个很重要原因,就是连续推出一系列山地研究计划,包括山地灾害研究计划,其研究的视野和关注的重要问题都显现出非常明确的科学前瞻性,并与山区发展紧密关联,积极促进自然科学和人文科学的交叉与综合.同时,高度重视全球变化对山地的影响,以及山地植被生态适应性和格局变化,也特别关注变化环境下的生物多样性保护,包括对山地旅游休闲景观资源等的管理.在这些国际长期研究计划中,以阿尔卑斯山研究计划最具代表性,是最早开展山地研究、成果影响力最显著的,是山地研究的典范.面对我国是一个多山的国家,透视国际山地研究计划,从中得到许多启示,其中以中长期的山地研究计划不断推动山地研究基础理论的发展和应用价值的提高是非常值得借鉴的. 相似文献
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为了反映高应力区岩石变形破坏全过程,通过引入双参数抛物线型Mohr强度准则,建立适用于高应力区岩体的微元强度度量方式,并假定由该度量方式得到的微元强度服从幂函数概率密度分布,结合连续损伤理论,考虑损伤变量修正,建立一个新的适用于高应力区岩体的统计损伤本构模型。以高应力区英安岩为验证对象,进行常规三轴压缩试验,依据岩石应力-应变曲线特征,给出模型参数确定方法。引用基于线性Mohr强度准则而建适用于浅部低应力水平岩体的相关统计损伤模型,利用该模型和所建模型对高应力区英安岩和相关文献中的高应力区砂岩、花岗岩试验数据进行验证,对比试验曲线和理论曲线,证明所建模型的可行性和适用性,并对英安岩累积损伤的扩展过程进行分析。 相似文献
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Tang Qiang Fu Bojie Wen Anbang Zhang Xinbao He Xiubin Collins Adrian L. 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,62(12):2017-2030
Sediment source fingerprinting apportions the sources of sediment produced by water erosion by linking sampled sediment mixtures and landscape source materials using diagnostic and conservative fingerprints.Using this approach,the nature and location of active sediment sources across the catchment can be elucidated,generating information which is a key prerequisite for the design and implementation of catchment management strategies.The science of sediment source fingerprinting continues to attract much research globally,but to date,there have been relatively few fingerprinting studies in China.Here,there remain major challenges for the fingerprinting approach arising from the uniqueness of Chinese landscapes,including for instance,the complex land use configuration with highly fragmented or mosaic patches and the highly dynamic land use conversion rates,generating a need to test the physical basis for the discriminatory power and environmental behavior of both traditional and novel tracers.Future research is needed to investigate the applicability of tracer properties in different physiographic settings and to evaluate the potential strategic utility of the approach for supporting the improved management of soil and water sustainability.Here,the strategic availability of independent observation data for different components of catchment sediment budgets and well-maintained research infrastructure for plots,micro-catchments and drainage basins provides immediate opportunity for testing the approach and refining procedures.Such detailed testing across scales would be invaluable for promoting sediment source fingerprinting as both a scientific and management tool for informing soil and water conservation practices in China. 相似文献
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紫色土坡地侵蚀产沙过程的~7Be法初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用环境放射性核素示踪技术研究土壤侵蚀是传统土壤侵蚀监测技术的重要补充手段。宇宙成因核素7Be具有半衰期短和在表土分布浅等特点,能够用于指示短时间尺度的坡面侵蚀堆积过程。采用7Be技术与泥沙颗粒分析相结合,定量判读了模拟降雨下紫色土坡面侵蚀过程演变。结果表明,对于20°坡面,7Be法指示的坡面侵蚀方式转折点与侵蚀泥沙颗粒变化得到的结果基本一致。7Be在表征侵蚀过程演变时具有独特的优势,可以将坡面片蚀发育过程随降雨时间的变化明显地识别出来。这对防治坡面侵蚀,特别是细沟侵蚀的发生具有重要意义。 相似文献
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The Loess Plateau is well known to the world because of its thick loess and severe soil erosion. Loess is a highly erosion-prone soil that is considerably susceptible to water erosion. The Loess Plateau also has a long cultivation history, hence population growth, vegetation degeneration serious soil and water loss were obviously problems on Loess Plateau. This article analyzes several strategies of soil and water conservation on the Loess Plateau, such as terracing, planting trees, natural vegetation rehabilitation and construction of warp land dams. Different periods had different strategies of soil and water conservation and each strategy had its characteristics and effects. Finally, the research directions and future perspectives of the Loess Plateau were discussed, including the strategies of sustainable eco-environment of Loess Plateau in China. 相似文献
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如同137Cs和210Pbex核尘埃,土壤和坝库沉积物中的孢粉也源于大气沉降,是否能用于侵蚀产沙的示踪研究?在陕北吴旗周湾水库采集了一些表层土壤和现代淤地坝、古代聚湫坝沉积泥沙的样品,尝试土地利用/覆被变化和侵蚀产沙的孢粉示踪研究。初步研究表明:草地表土孢粉丰富,平均浓度为26077粒/g;有33个科属的花粉,孢粉组合反映了当地以蒿属为主的半干旱温带草原植被;坡耕地表土的孢粉组合和草地一致,但孢粉平均浓度远低于草地,仅5844粒/g。坝库沉积剖面中,和137Cs核素一样,孢粉也富集于每一洪水沉积旋迴的上部层位,可用于沉积旋迴的区分。现代沉积旋迴的孢粉平均浓度,远低于草地和坡耕地表土,这表明草地和坡耕地土壤不是沉积泥沙的主要来源。古代沉积物的孢粉平均浓度高于现代沉积,表明流域内300年前的植被好于现代,或300年前沟谷地的相对产沙量低于现代。古代孢粉组合中十字花科花粉比例高达36·85%,明显高于现代的0·58%含量,这表明草地退化严重,十字花科植物比例急剧降低。孢粉示踪技术在植被环境恢复,沉积旋迴区分,和泥沙来源确定等方面具有一定的潜力,但应建立针对土地利用/覆被变化和侵蚀产沙研究的孢粉示踪技术方法。 相似文献