Factors affecting the groundwater chemistry in a highly urbanized coastal area in Hong Kong: an example from the Mid-Levels area   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Chi-man Leung  Jiu J. Jiao  John Malpas  Wing-tat Chan  Yan-xin Wang 《Environmental Geology》2005,48(4-5):480-495

Coastal areas of Hong Kong Island are one of the most extensively urbanized areas in the world. Groundwater samples in natural slopes and developed spaces in the regions centered by the Mid-Levels area, Hong Kong Island, were collected and analyzed to investigate the natural and anthropogenic processes affecting the groundwater chemistry. The results presented may be of value to other coastal areas in the world for the identification of possible groundwater contamination sources. Groundwater samples in the natural slopes were in low total dissolved solid (TDS) (<100 mg/l), indicating that the waters were in the early evolutionary stage. Using chloride as a normalizing factor, the “non-marine” components of different major ions in the samples were calculated. The correlation analysis indicated the occurrence of weathering of plagioclase feldspars in the natural slopes. However, the breakdown of biotite and K-feldspar seems to be limited by short groundwater residence time and high resistance to weathering. The high variety in hydrochemical facies may suggest the presence of extremely heterogeneous subsurface geological conditions. In the developed spaces, groundwater samples exhibited a high range of TDS (~100–5300 mg/l) and were mainly dominated by Na–Cl and Na–Ca–Cl water types. Besides water-rock interactions, the groundwater chemistry was significantly affected by leakage from service pipes and the dissolution of concrete materials. Some chemicals were used as signatures to identify the leakage from various service pipes. The area generally suffered from widespread, but small amount of leakages, and no obvious leakage was discovered. The strong correlations among major cations and chloride suggested that even a small amount of leakage from salty flushing water pipes can significantly affect the groundwater chemistry. Groundwater is found to be highly aggressive toward concrete as supported by three commonly used aggressiveness indices. Additional Ca²⁺ may be released to groundwater by corrosion of subsurface concrete materials such as building foundations and basements. The strength of those subsurface engineering structures may be weakened. Besides, excess Ca²⁺ may deposit in the dewatering systems in the area, which may affect their performance in lowering high water tables. The findings regarding leakage from service pipes will be useful for various government organizations such as the Water Supplies Department and Drainage Services Department. Discussion of the behavior of Ca²⁺ is instructional to foundation and slope dewatering designs in the area.  相似文献   

HOME GARDENS IN AMAZONIAN PERU: DIVERSITY AND EXCHANGE OF PLANTING MATERIAL*     

NATALIE BAN  OLIVER T. COOMES 《Geographical review》2004,94(3):348-367

ABSTRACT. This article examines how peasant farmers build and maintain agrobiodiversity in home gardens found in two traditional peasant communities along the Marañón River in the Peruvian Amazon. Data were gathered through household and garden surveys as well as in‐depth interviews with garden tenders in an upland mixed agricultural village and a lowland fishing village. Substantial variations in cultivated plant diversity were encountered in gardens between and within the villages, which are found to be related to differential exchange of seeds, cuttings, suckers, and other planting material as well as to specific garden and household characteristics. Planting material flows along multiple pathways—from gift giving and purchase to inheritance and scavenging—to the gardens, reflecting a complex and often extensive network of exchange that enables the establishment and maintenance of home garden plant diversity in seemingly isolated and small communities. Further research is needed to identify broader geographical and sociocultural patterns of agrobiodiversity in Amazonia.  相似文献   

Sensitivity of Drawdown to Parameters and Its Influence on Parameter Estimation for Pumping Tests in Large-Diameter Wells   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiu J. Jiao  Ken R. Rushton 《Ground water》1995,33(5):794-800

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青藏高原重力构造   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

周玖  黄修武  王学昌  刘延敏 《地质科学》1983,(4):345-354

青藏高原的范围大致由昆仑山、阿尔金山、祁连山、龙门山及喜马拉雅山所围限。是一个边部群峰耸立、内部相对平坦的广阔高原,具有山高地势平的地貌景观。地壳厚度一般为50—70公里,成为全球地势最高、地壳最厚的地区。 中新世晚期,喜马拉雅尚未成山,其高度接近海面,仅约数百米。而由冈底斯山至昆仑山的广大地区,此时形成了统一的夷平面,具有与喜马拉雅地区相似的高度。  相似文献   

Confined groundwater near the rockhead in igneous rocks in the Mid-Levels area, Hong Kong, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jiu J. Jiao  Guoping Ding  Chi-Man Leung 《Engineering Geology》2006,84(3-4):207-219

It is customary in Hong Kong to assume that the hydraulic conductivity of weathered igneous rocks decreases with depth or as the rock mass becomes less weathered. Such a hydraulic conductivity pattern can only lead to an unconfined aquifer. This paper presents a case study in the regions in and around the Mid-Levels area in Hong Kong regarding a possible relatively high hydraulic conductivity (K) zone and confined groundwater along the rockhead. The Mid-Levels area is located at the lower part of the north-facing slopes of Victoria Peak on Hong Kong Island and is prone to landslides. Although this site has a long history of geotechnical studies because of extensive urban development along the coast and public concern on slope stability, hydrogeology of the site remains poorly understood. This paper reexamined the hydraulic conductivity data in 7 boreholes conducted in the 1970s and found that 4 of them indicate an increase in K at the rockhead. Groundwater conditions revealed by tunnel construction at the coast suggest that K close to the rockhead is about 10 times greater than above rockhead. A careful analysis of storm response of a piezometer group with tips in different depths indicates that there was an upward flow from the bedrock to the colluvium. A field study of two overflow standpipes conducted by the authors showed that the water level can be 0.64 and 3.73 m above the ground surface, which illustrates that the deep groundwater is significantly artesian. A search of the archived site investigation reports from the government and private companies has led to an identification of about 24 sites with overflow boreholes, which suggests that overflow phenomenon is quite common in the study area. The paper then concludes that in the study area there is a relatively high K zone along the rockhead and the groundwater in the zone is confined. It is recommended that geotechnical engineers should carry out a more careful field study on an overflow borehole because such a borehole indicates a confined groundwater condition important for slope stability study and foundation design.  相似文献   

Simulated groundwater interaction with rivers and springs in the Heihe river basin   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Li‐Tang Hu  Chong‐Xi Chen  Jiu Jimmy Jiao  Zhong‐Jing Wang 《水文研究》2007,21(20):2794-2806

Surface water and groundwater in the Heihe river basin of China are interconnected and the pattern of water resources exploitation has a direct effect on the interaction of groundwater and surface water, especially on a downstream oasis. A three‐dimensional groundwater flow simulation model with eight model layers was established to simulate the regional groundwater flow in the multilayered aquifer system and the interaction among the rivers, springs, and groundwater. The model was calibrated not only with historical water levels but also with the investigated baseflow and spring flux. The simulation results of the numerical model match reasonably well with the observed groundwater levels, baseflow to rivers, and spring flux. The numerical simulation also demonstrates that the hydraulic connection between the river and the aquifers has transferred from the coupling to decoupling at some reaches. It is suggested that there is a vital need to reduce groundwater withdrawal and to rationalize the use of both groundwater and surface water in order to maintain sustainable development in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中华鲟产卵栖息地的三维水力因子适宜性分析          下载免费PDF全文

班璇  高欣  Panayiotis DIPLAS  肖飞  石小涛 《水科学进展》2018,29(1):80-88

建立三维水动力学模型分析中华鲟产卵栖息地水力因子的时空分布和中华鲟产卵时的适宜水力特性,为设计最佳的生态调度方案提供科技支撑。研究结果表明,中华鲟产卵栖息地的上产卵区水深和流速的变化主要受流量影响,涡量的变化主要受地形影响;中华鲟产卵前需要高流量脉冲刺激产卵。坝下与隔流堤之间流速和涡量值的大小与波动远大于其他区域,均值为2.4 m/s和11 m2/s。产卵栖息地水体表层、中层和底层的流速和水平涡量分布格局相似,均是在上产卵区值较大,空间分布多样性高。水体中层垂向涡量的值远大于底层和表层。产卵栖息地水体表层、中层和底层水力分布特征为中华鲟繁殖提供了有利的水力条件,体现出中华鲟对产卵栖息地不同功能区的自主选择性。  相似文献   

武夷山成矿带龙岩地区晚石炭世热水成因硅质岩的发现及其地质意义     

肖凡  班宜忠  周延  康丛轩  陈世忠 《华东地质》2018,(4):290-298

武夷山成矿带发育多期海相火山成矿建造,是近些年矿产勘查的重要对象。基于该成矿带龙岩地区晚石炭世经畲组铅锌矿化角砾岩层的宏观地质特征,对其中硅质岩进行了岩相学和岩石地球化学研究,探讨铅锌来源与富集机制等问题。研究发现,硅质岩SiO_2和Al_2O_3呈负相关,Fe_2O_3/FeO大多数1,并具有Eu正异常特征,说明硅质岩为热水沉积成因。硅质岩Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+TFe_2O_3)值为0.73～0.80(平均值为0.77)、Al_2O_3/(Al_2O_3+TFe_2O_3+MnO)值为0.60～0.65(平均值为0.62),LaN/CeN为0.86～2.49(平均值为1.52),表明硅质岩形成时受到了陆源物质影响。龙岩地区晚石炭世经畲组铅锌矿化角砾岩层是海底热水喷口塌陷作用的产物,对指导该区铅锌矿找矿工作具有重要意义。  相似文献   

Can Saltwater Intrusion Affect a Phytoplankton Community and Its Net Primary Production? A Study Based on Satellite and Field Observations     

Yu Jiu Xiong 《Estuaries and Coasts》2018,41(8):2317-2330

Net primary production (NPP) by phytoplankton is a crucial regulator of the carbon cycle and other biological processes in estuaries. Under the impacts of rising sea levels, most estuaries are experiencing increased saltwater intrusion. To determine how these changes in intrusion affect phytoplankton communities and their NPP, a study was performed in the Pearl River Estuary (PRE), China. The results based on monthly global ocean NPP satellite products from 2003 to 2015 show that NPP generally decreased from the north (the upper outlet) to the south (the estuary mouth) in the PRE, whereas temporally, NPP in the rainy season (April to September) exhibited an inverted V-shaped curve, with a maximum value in July and was generally higher than that in the dry season (October to the following March). Field observations of salinity increased from north to south in the PRE, but phytoplankton species and cell numbers decreased from outlets toward the outer estuary. Further analysis showed that NPP and phytoplankton species were positively correlated (R²?~?0.5), whereas NPP and salinity were negatively correlated (R²?~?0.4). Overall, saltwater intrusion in the dry season increased salinity and changed the phytoplankton species abundance and composition, and it may inhibit phytoplankton growth, thereby decreasing NPP.  相似文献   

卫星遥感反演水深技术在偏远地区海图测量中的应用     

王久  邬金 《北京测绘》2021,35(8):1032-1037

在偏远水域进行海图测量一直是个难题,遥感反演水深技术的发展弥补了传统海图测量的局限性.本文重点讨论了基于Stumpf模型和多时相方法的多光谱卫星遥感水深反演技术,分析了影响其质量的主要因素,通过在海南岛偏远水域的工程实践案例,评估和验证了其一般精度和可靠性,认为其结果除可用于测量和规划海图之外,还可作为海图现势性评估、海底变化检测和测量优先级确定的工具,为在偏远地区、未测量区域以及动态变化水域改进海图测量提供了新的途径.  相似文献