Local knowledge on plants and domestic remedies in the mountain villages of Peshkopia (Eastern Albania)     

Andrea Pieroni  Anely Nedelcheva  Avni Hajdari  Behxhet Mustafa  Bruno Scaltriti  Kevin Cianfaglione  Cassandra L. Quave 《山地科学学报》2014,11(1):180-193

Ethnobotanical studies in the Balkans are crucial for fostering sustainable rural development in the region and also for investigating the dynamics of change of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK), which has broad-sweeping implications for future biodiversity conservation efforts. A survey of local botanical and medical knowledge and practices was conducted in four mountainous villages of the Peshkopia region in northeast Albania, near the Macedonian border. Snowball sampling techniques were employed to recruit 32 informants for participation in semi-structured interviews regarding the use of the local flora for food, medicinal, veterinary and ritual purposes. The uses of 84 botanical taxa were recorded as well as a number of other folk remedies for the treatment of both humans and livestock. Comparison of the collected data with another ethnobotanical field study recently conducted among Albanians living on the Macedonian side of Mount Korab shows a remarkable divergence in medicinal plant uses, thus confirming the crucial role played by the history of the last century in transforming TEK. Most noteworthy, as a legacy of the Communist period, a relevant number of wild medicinal taxa are still gathered only for trade rather than personal/familial use. This may lead to unsustainable exploitation of certain taxa (i.e. Orchis and Gentiana spp.) and presents some important conservation challenges. Appropriate development and environmental educational frameworks should aim to reconnect local people to the perception of limitation and renewability of botanical resources.  相似文献   

Evaluating the fitness for use of spatial data sets to promote quality in ecological assessment and monitoring     

Isabel Pôças  João Gonçalves  Bruno Marcos  Joaquim Alonso  Pedro Castro  João P. Honrado 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(11):2356-2371

This article proposes and illustrates a practical methodological framework to evaluate the fitness for use of spatial data sets for environmental and ecological applications, focusing on user requirements for specified application contexts. The methodology is based on the use of metadata to analyze similarity between the data characteristics and the user’s needs or expectations for several quality indicators. Additionally, the concept of ‘critical factors’ is introduced in this framework, allowing users to define which quality indicators have greater importance given their own requirements or expectations and the specified application contexts. The proposed methodology further allows integrating and interconnecting the spatial data quality (SDQ) evaluation methodology with metadata geoportals in WebGIS platforms, facilitating its operation by users from non-spatial disciplines and with often limited expertise on this subject. Examples of the evaluation of fitness for use for specific application contexts within the project BIO_SOS (‘Biodiversity Multi-SOurce Monitoring System: From Space To Species’ FP7 project) are presented. By providing a prompt and straightforward evaluation tool, the proposed methodology can encourage the implementation of SDQ evaluation routines in ecological assessment and monitoring programs, promoting a more adequate use of geospatial data and ultimately contributing to well-supported policy and management decisions.  相似文献   

Size‐frequency distributions of Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata (Brachiopoda: Megathyrididae) from the Central Tyrrhenian Sea     

Francesca Evangelisti  Paolo G. Albano  Bruno Sabelli 《Marine Ecology》2014,35(3):377-386

Size‐frequency distributions can support reliable inferences concerning population dynamics of brachiopods, but only a few data are available so far. In this study, length and width frequency distributions of dead specimens of the Recent brachiopods Joania cordata and Argyrotheca cuneata from the Marine Protected Area ‘Secche di Tor Paterno’, Central Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy (41°35′ N, 12°20′ E), are reported in order to add new data about size‐frequency distributions of brachiopods. The studied specimens came from death assemblages in the coralligenous substrate, in the Posidonia oceanica meadows, and in the sand channels. The observed patterns vary from left‐skewed (J. cordata) to right‐skewed (A. cuneata), indicating respectively a low and high mortality of smaller individuals. Significant differences between the coralligenous substrate and the P. oceanica meadow were observed for both species, revealing a variation among different habitats. All length and width distributions are clearly polymodal, but the biological meaning of the peaks is difficult to interpret, as the two species seem to have a 2‐year life span. A biometric analysis of shell sizes revealed that length and width are the most variable parameters during the growth of the animal.  相似文献   

Floodplain hydrology of the Mekong Delta,Vietnam     

Nguyen Nghia Hung  José Miguel Delgado  Vo Khac Tri  Le Manh Hung  Bruno Merz  András Bárdossy  Heiko Apel 《水文研究》2012,26(5):674-686

The Mekong Delta is one of the largest and most intensively used estuaries in the world. Each year it witnesses widespread flooding which is both the basis of the livelihood for more than 17 million people but also the major hazard. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the hydrologic and hydraulic features is urgently required for various planning purposes. While the general causes and characteristics of the annual floods are understood, the inundation dynamics in the floodplains in Vietnam which are highly controlled by dikes and other control structures have not been investigated in depth. Especially, quantitative analyses are lacking, mainly due to scarce data about the inundation processes in the floodplains. Therefore, a comprehensive monitoring scheme for channel and floodplain inundation was established in a study area in the Plain of Reeds in the northeastern part of the Vietnamese Delta. This in situ data collection was complemented by a series of high‐resolution inundation maps derived from the TerraSAR‐X satellite for the flood seasons 2008 and 2009. Hence, the inundation dynamics in the channels and floodplains, and the interaction between channels and floodplains, could be quantified for the first time. The study identifies the strong human interference which is governed by flood protection levels, cropping patterns and communal water management. In addition, we examine the tidal influence on the inundation in various parts of the Delta, since it is expected that climate change‐induced sea level rise will increase the tidal contribution to floodplain inundation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Neutral sodium atoms release from the surface of the Moon induced by meteoroid impacts     

M. Bruno  G. Cremonese  S. Marchi 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,367(3):1067-1071

In this work, we calculate the vapour and neutral Na production rates on the Moon, as due to the impacts of meteoroids in the radius range of 10⁻⁸–0.15 m. We limit our calculations to this size range, since meteoroids with radius larger than 0.15 m have not been found to be important for the production of the exosphere in a time interval comparable with that of the observations.
We have considered a new dynamical model of the flux of meteoroids at the heliocentric distance of the Moon, regarding objects in the radius range of 10⁻²–0.15 m. Instead, the flux of smaller meteoroids (radius range 10⁻⁸–10⁻² m) has been calculated using the two distributions adopted by Cintala and Love & Brownlee.
The results of our model are that (i) the neutral Na production rate is  ∼3–4.9 × 10⁴ atoms cm⁻² s⁻¹  , slightly larger than the previous estimates  (∼2–3 × 10⁴ atoms cm⁻² s⁻¹)  , and (ii) only about 6 per cent of neutral Na is produced by the impacts of meteoroids in the size range 10⁻³–0.15 m, whereas about 94 per cent of the Na comes from the  10⁻⁵–10⁻³ m  size range.  相似文献   

Use of the Geometric Elements in Numerical Simulations     

Stéfan Renner  Bruno Sicardy 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2006,94(2):237-248

We derive the transformations to convert the state vector in cartesian coordinates into geometric orbital elements (and conversely the geometric elements into the state vector) for a test particle moving around an oblate planet. These transformations arise from the epicyclic theory and are accurate to second order in eccentricity and inclination. This paper is written to be directly used for computational purposes, such as the numerical study of ring dynamics.  相似文献   

Latitudinal variations of CO and OCS in the lower atmosphere of Venus from near-infrared nightside spectro-imaging     

Emmanuel Marcq  Bruno Bézard  Mirel Birlan 《Icarus》2005,179(2):375-386

Spectro-imaging of Venus' nightside in the 2.3-μm window provides a powerful means of probing the lower atmosphere in the 25-40 km altitude range. We present observations recorded at the NASA/IRTF in February 2003 and August 2004, using the SpeX spectro-imager in the 2.1-2.5-μm region. Abundances of CO and OCS have been derived as a function of latitude for different longitudes. The CO abundance increases by about 15% between the equatorial region and higher latitudes (±40°). No longitudinal or temporal variations are observed. The OCS abundance shows the opposite variation in observational sets with sufficient S/N. These variations and anticorrelation are consistent with upwelling motions in the equatorial region and downwelling at higher latitudes.  相似文献   

Construction of Structural Geological Model Using Monte Carlo Simulation     

Xavier  Bruna Catarino  Egydio-Silva  Marcos  Sadowski  Georg Robert  de Assis Silva  Bruno  Takara  Victor Junji 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2022,40(3):1345-1361

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - To optimize the prediction of structural geological conditions in the underground as of data collected at the surface, due to the usual great uncertainties...  相似文献   

Accounting methods for carbon credits: impacts on the minimum area of forestry projects under the Clean Development Mechanism     

Bruno Locatelli  Lucio Pedroni 《Climate Policy》2013,13(2):193-204

Abstract

The Ninth Conference of the Parties (COP-9) decided to adopt an accounting system based on expiring carbon credits to address the problem of non-permanent carbon storage in forests established under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). This article reviews and discusses carbon accounting methods that were under consideration before COP-9 and presents a model which calculates the minimum area that forest plantation projects should reach to be able to compensate CDM transaction costs with the revenues from carbon credits. The model compares different accounting methods under various sets of parameters on project management, transaction costs, and carbon prices. Model results show that under current carbon price and average transaction costs, projects with an area of less than 500 ha are excluded from the CDM, whatever accounting method is used. Temporary crediting appears to be the most favorable approach to account for non-permanent carbon removal in forests and also for the feasibility of smaller projects. However, lower prices for credits with finite lifetimes may prevent the establishment of CDM forestry projects. Also, plantation projects with low risk of unexpected carbon loss and sufficient capacity for insuring or buffering the risk of carbon re-emission would benefit from equivalence-adjusted average carbon storage accounting rather than from temporary crediting.  相似文献   

Publisher’s Erratum to: The Herschel PACS photometer calibration     

Markus Nielbock  Thomas Müller  Ulrich Klaas  Bruno Altieri  Zoltán Balog  Nicolas Billot  Hendrik Linz  Koryo Okumura  Miguel Sánchez-Portal  Marc Sauvage 《Experimental Astronomy》2014,37(2):127-127

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