地理国情普查中高分辨率遥感影像自动分类技术研究     

曾波  赵展 《测绘通报》2015,(1):95-98

地表覆盖分类是我国地理国情普查的重要内容.地理国情普查要求的地物类别非常细致,对影像分类技术提出了很大的挑战.本文总结了山西省地理国情普查试点中的实践经验,结合面向对象分类技术、人工实地采集分类样本及分层次分类的思想,并加入适当的人工干预过程,提出了一个利用高分辨率遥感影像进行国情监测影像分类的方案.试验表明本文方案能够兼顾作业效率和分类精度,为我国国情普查的工程化作业提供了一条可行的备选技术路径.  相似文献   

Use of stable water isotopes to identify hydrological processes of meteoric water in montane catchments   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

Tsung‐Ren Peng  Kuan‐Yu Chen  Wen‐Jun Zhan  Wan‐Chung Lu  Lun‐Tao John Tong 《水文研究》2015,29(23):4957-4967

This study analyzes the stable isotopic compositions of hydrogen and oxygen (δ²H, δ¹⁸O) in montane meteoric waters including precipitation and stream water of central Taiwan to identify hydrological processes in montane catchments. Results of precipitation demonstrate that monsoon and altitude effects are two principal processes affecting δ and deuterium excess (d^E) values of inland precipitation in central Taiwan. Furthermore, slope and intercept values of summer and winter local meteoric water line are modified by secondary evaporation effects such as moisture recycling and raindrop evaporation. Additionally, stream water's results indicate that differences in δ values among stream waters reflect isotopic altitude effect whereby lower values are more evident in stream water originating from high‐elevation catchments than low‐elevation catchments. Comparison of the isotopic results between precipitation and stream water indicates that summer precipitation containing recycled moisture is the most important water source for the studied stream waters and indicates that catchment effect and base flow contribution are the two major hydrological processes affecting mountain stream hydrology. The hydrological processes identified by the isotopic study re‐stress the important role of forests in mountain hydrology. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Seismoelectric measurements in a porous quartz‐sand sample with anisotropic permeability          下载免费PDF全文

Zhenya Zhu  M.N. Toksӧz  Xin Zhan 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(3):700-713

Seismoelectric coupling coefficients are difficult to predict theoretically because they depend on a large numbers of rock properties, including porosity, permeability, tortuosity, etc. The dependence of the coupling coefficient on rock properties such as permeability requires experimental data. In this study, we carry out a set of laboratory measurements to determine the dependence of seismoelectric coupling coefficient on permeability. We use both an artificial porous “sandstone” sample, with cracks, built using quartz‐sand and Berea sandstone samples. The artificial sample is a cube with 39% porosity. Its permeability levels are anisotropic: 14.7 D, 13.8 D, and 8.3 D in the x‐, y‐, and z‐directions, respectively. Seismoelectric measurements are performed in a water tank in the frequency range of 20 kHz–90 kHz. A piezoelectric P‐wave source is used to generate an acoustic wave that propagates through the sample from the three different (x, y, and z) directions. The amplitudes of the seismoelectric signal induced by the acoustic waves vary with the direction. The highest signal is in the direction of the highest permeability, and the lowest signal is in the direction of the lowest permeability. Since the porosity of the sample is constant, the results directly show the dependence of seismoelectric coefficients on permeability. Seismoelectric measurements with natural rocks are performed using Berea sandstone 500 and 100 samples. Because the Berea samples are nearly isotropic in permeability, the amplitudes of the seismoelectric signals induced in the different directions are the same within the measurement error. Because the permeability of Berea 500 is higher than that of Berea 100, the amplitude of the seismoelectric signals induced in Berea 500 is higher than those in Berea 100. To determine the relative contributions of porosity and permeability on seismoelectric conversion, we carried out an analysis, using Pride (1994) formulation and Kozeny–Carman relationship; the normalized amplitudes of seismoelectric coupling coefficients in three directions are calculated and compared with the experimental results. The results show that the seismoelectric conversion is related to permeability in the frequency range of measurements. This is an encouraging result since it opens the possibility of determining the permeability of a formation from seismoelectric measurements.  相似文献   

沙石质建筑垃圾不同覆盖方式防风固沙效益     

张剑挥  方峨天  杨自辉  王强强  郭树江  王多泽  詹科杰  李易珺 《中国沙漠》2016,36(5):1247-1251

为了解沙石质建筑垃圾不同覆盖方式防风固沙效益,在野外对不同覆盖方式的风蚀风积量、风沙流特征、土壤水分、植被生长状况进行了观测研究。结果表明：（1）不同覆盖方式年风蚀量较流沙减少了91%以上,其中平铺覆盖方式固沙效果好于带状和方格覆盖方式。平铺覆盖方式和流沙风沙流结构呈幂、指数函数分布,带状、方格覆盖方式呈多项式函数分布;（2）不同覆盖方式较流沙显著提高了土壤容积含水率（P<0.05）,平铺方式保水效果好于方格和带状覆盖方式。覆盖度30%平铺、1.5 m×1.5 m方格和宽1.5 m带状土壤各层平均容积含水率比流沙分别提高了3.1%、2.8%和1.5%;（3）不同的覆盖方式较流沙显著增加了植被盖度（P<0.05）,其中平铺方式群落多样性指数最高。覆盖度30%平铺植被盖度较流沙提高了5%。1.5 m×1.5 m方格覆盖方式植被群落多样性指数最低,植被盖度最高,较流沙提高了14%。  相似文献   

基于核磁共振的脆硬性泥页岩水化损伤演化研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王萍  屈展 《岩土力学》2015,36(3):687-693

为研究脆硬性泥页岩水化后细观结构的损伤演化特征,利用核磁共振技术对不同浸泡时间的脆硬性泥页岩试样进行测量,得到不同浸泡时间的试样质量变化、横向弛豫时间T2谱分布以及核磁共振成像。结果表明：水化作用会对岩石内部产生损伤,岩样吸水率在最初的8 h内变化相对较大,1 d后相对接近稳定,之后变化不明显。随着浸泡时间的延长,微裂缝在水化的作用下快速扩展、贯通使岩样表面产生明显裂纹。核磁共振T2谱图和成像结果表明,水化作用使岩样微观结构重新分布,T2曲线信号幅度发生明显的变化,并随着浸泡时间的延长而增加。整个水化损伤分为3个阶段：大尺寸孔隙裂纹发展阶段;小孔隙产生、大尺寸孔隙裂纹加剧扩展;小孔隙加剧产生扩展、大尺寸孔隙裂纹归并贯通至水化破坏阶段。核磁共振图像显示同一块岩样在不同浸泡时间的内部微观结构分布,动态地显示岩石的水化损伤过程。  相似文献   

宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组黑色页岩地球化学特征及其地质意义     

万蒙蒙  冯明石  孟万斌  刘四兵  芦云飞  聂应  赵瞻  过敏 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2021,40(4):946-957

宜昌地区下寒武统水井沱组黑色页岩是一套重要的区域性烃源岩,探讨其沉积古环境及沉积模式有助于对地质历史演化的认识,推动油气勘探进展,为页岩气勘探提供科学依据.本文通过对宜昌地区水井沱组野外剖面观测,利用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、全岩X射线衍射(XRD)、总有机碳(TOC)及主微量元素等分析测试,分析其地球化学特征,探讨其沉积古...  相似文献   

基于能值的科尔沁沙地不同农牧比例村落发展可持续性对比     

韩丹  李玉霖  詹瑾  杨红玲 《中国沙漠》2021,41(3):235-244

为评估和比较科尔沁沙地不同生产经营模式自然村落的发展可持续性,通过能值分析方法,定量分析了分别以种植业和养殖业为主的2个自然村落的能值投入与产出情况,建立能值分析指标体系,对2种模式系统的可持续性进行评估.结果表明:在资源投入方面,村落外部辅助能约占总能值投入的39.17％,说明2种生产经营模式对外部资源依赖较小,能值...  相似文献   

基于高频空间分析的襄阳市春节期间烟花爆竹禁放效果评估     

刘稳  詹庆明  戴文博  金章昌 《热带地理》2022,42(10):1724-1738

为研究襄阳市区春节期间空气污染时空规律及烟花爆竹禁放效果,利用密集空气质量监测微型站、稀疏国控站以及气象站等数据,借助高频率空间分析、相关性分析以及浓度特征比较等方法,研究了局地尺度下襄阳市区春节期间空气污染时空变化,评估了历年春节期间烟花爆竹禁止燃放举措的实施成效。结果表明：1)2018年新春佳节期间襄阳市区天气总体平稳,空气质量整体较差,受市区外围周边地区在除夕至初一燃放烟花爆竹影响,空气质量由除夕轻度转成初一重度污染;从除夕夜T 19:00开始,PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度逐步上升,初一T 00:00过后直线升高,至初一早上T 08:00达到春节期间峰值,该时段SO₂和NO₂质量浓度也有明显升高。2)新春佳节期间局地尺度下襄阳市区PM_2.5和PM₁₀日均质量浓度空间分布整体较为一致,在除夕、初二至初五均呈现以汉江与唐白河为界、“南高北低”的中度以上污染态势,而初一、初六则呈现污染连绵成片、大范围覆盖等特点。3)市区外围周边地区烟花爆竹燃放是造成春节期...  相似文献   

Coseismic deformation of the 2021 MW7.4 Maduo earthquake from joint inversion of InSAR,GPS, and teleseismic data          下载免费PDF全文

Chaoya Liu  Ling Bai  Shunying Hong  Yanfang Dong  Yong Jiang  Hongru Li  Huili Zhan  Zhiwen Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(5):436-446

The M_W7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021 at 02:04 CST with a large-expansion surface rupture. This earthquake was located in the Bayan Har block at the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where eight earthquakes of M_S >7.0 have occurred in the past 25 years. Here, we combined interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GPS, and teleseismic data to study the coseismic slip distribution, fault geometry, and dynamic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake. We found that the overall coseismic deformation field of the Maduo earthquake is distributed in the NWW-SEE direction along 285°. There was slight bending at the western end and two branches at the eastern end. The maximum slip is located near the eastern bending area on the northern branch of the fault system. The rupture nucleated on the Jiangcuo fault and propagated approximately 160 km along-strike in both the NWW and SEE directions. The characteristic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake is similar to that of the 2010 M_W6.8 Yushu earthquake, indicating that similar earthquakes with large-expansion surface ruptures and small shallow slip deficits can occur on both the internal fault and boundary fault of the Bayan Har block.  相似文献   

GPS精密单点定位中对流层延迟模型改正法与参数估计法的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

施展  孟祥广  郭际明  刘东明 《测绘通报》2009,(6)

对GPS对流层延迟改正的两种方法——UNB3模型改正法和参数估计法进行深入的探讨。在精密单点定位程序中,分别利用两种方法对IGS跟踪站数据进行坐标计算。结果表明,参数估计法在高程方向上的精度优于UNB3模型改正法,平面坐标精度相当;UNB3模型改正法在收敛速度上略优于参数估计法。  相似文献