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1959-2017年天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川流域径流及其组分变化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
冰川是气候变化的指示器,气候变化对冰川及其径流的影响研究是目前国内外关注的热点和前沿领域之一,目前的研究以模拟为主,实测资料十分有限且不确定性很大。以新疆天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川（简称“1号冰川”）流域为例,基于中国科学院天山冰川观测试验站1959-2017年观测数据,研究了中国西部典型小型冰川流域径流及其组分长期变化以及对气候变化的响应,为冰川径流长期变化过程的认识提供重要参考。结果表明,1号冰川流域径流主要由冰川径流和非冰川区降水径流组成,分别占70%和30%。其中冰川径流又可分为冰川区降水径流和冰川融水径流,分别占44%和26%。59年间,冰川径流整体呈上升趋势,在1992年之后出现了一个阶梯式的上升,与气温升高和降水的增加有关,1997-2007年达到高峰,2008年以后出现波动下降趋势,其原因除了与该时段的降水有所减少有关之外,冰川面积减小的影响也不可忽视。另外,还利用实测径流和冰川物质平衡值,通过水量平衡模型,检验了模型使用的冰川区和非冰川区径流系数。 相似文献
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赣西北九岭南缘宜丰岩组是江南造山带的一个重要地层单元,但其沉积时限和区域地层对比关系尚不确定。本次1∶5万区调工作中,在万载—宜丰一带宜丰岩组地层中发现有呈夹层产出的变英安岩、变凝灰岩。SHRIMP锆石定年表明,变英安岩、变凝灰岩分别形成于835.0±7.8Ma和830.3±9.5Ma。结合宜丰岩组底部凝灰质砂岩最年轻的一组碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄852.9±2.6Ma,认为宜丰岩组沉积时限为～853 Ma至～830Ma,表明宜丰岩组主体形成于新元古代早期。锆石Hf同位素显示,εHf(t)变化范围较大,为-16.02～+12.04,总体以正值为主。最为接近亏损地幔成分的5个锆石颗粒的εHf(t)变化范围为+9.65～+12.04,具有最年轻的Hf二阶段模式年龄0.95～1.09Ga,与成岩年龄差距不大,表明源区中可能有新生地壳物质的加入。野外沉积学研究表明,宜丰岩组浊流沉积构造发育,主体属于半深海大陆斜坡沉积。区域上,宜丰岩组与溪口岩群、双桥山群、冷家溪群、西村岩组、南桥岩组、苍溪岩组沉积时限基本相当,沉积环境相似,应明确为华南"晋宁运动"不整合面之下的一套弧后盆地环境产物。 相似文献
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1950年以来青藏高原兹格塘错碳酸盐稳定碳同位素变化及其原因 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
兹格塘错是青藏高原中部一个典型的半混合型咸水湖泊。本文在~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs定年的基础上,研究了兹格塘错重力岩芯(ZGTC A-1)小于38.5μm细颗粒组分碳酸盐稳定碳同位素1950年以来的变化及其影响因素。对冬夏季湖水水化学特征的分析表明,夏季湖水溶解CO_2呈逸出状态,冬季湖水钙离子浓度是夏季湖水的10倍,据此可以得出兹格塘错碳酸盐矿物主要在夏季沉淀。通过与那曲气象站气象记录对比发现,1950年以来A-1岩芯碳酸盐碳同位素变化与年均温度有很好的相关性,表现出年均温度高时碳同位素偏重,而年均温度低时碳同位素偏轻的特征。兹格塘错1950年以来自生碳酸盐碳同位素的变化是由湖区及水体碳循环(如碳酸盐沉淀,有机质的沉淀与分解,有机碳和无机碳的转化等)的变化引起的,但各种因素的相互作用非常复杂。碳酸盐含量也与温度有关,温度越高,碳酸盐含量越高,同时降水量与碳酸盐含量也存在明显的相关关系。1950年以来有机质含量与温度呈反相关,可能与湖泊生产力的下降有关。 相似文献
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Glaciers are a reliable freshwater resource in arid regions of West China and the vulnerability of its changes is closely related to regional ecosystem services and economic sustainable development. Here, we took the Qilian Mountains as an example and analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of glacier changes from 1998 to 2018, based on remote sensing images and the Second Chinese Glacier Inventory. We estimated the basic organizational framework and evaluation index system of glacier change vulnerability from exposure, sensitivity and adaptability, which covered the factors of physical geography, population status and socio-economic level. We analyzed the spatial and temporal evolutions of glacier change vulnerability by using the vulnerability evaluation model. Our results suggested that:(1) Glacier area and volume decreased by 71.12±98.98 km2 and 5.59±4.41 km3, respectively, over the recent two decades, which mainly occurred at the altitude below 4800 m, with an area shrinking rate of 2.5%. In addition, glaciers in the northern aspect(northwest, north and northeast) had the largest area reduction. Different counties exhibited remarkable discrepancies in glacier area reduction, Tianjuan and Minle presented the maximum and minimum decrease, respectively.(2) Glacier change vulnerability level showed a decreasing trend in space from the central to the northwestern and southeastern regions with remarkable differences. Vulnerability level had increased significantly over time and was mainly concentrated in moderate, high and extreme levels with typical characteristics of phases and regional complexity. Our study can not only help to understand and master the impacts of recent glacier changes on natural and social aspects but also be conducive to evaluate the influences of glacier retreat on socio-economic developments in the future, thus providing references for formulating relevant countermeasures to achieve regional sustainable development. 相似文献
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通过对红水河剖面元素地球化学和孢粉以及地层岩性的分析,在讨论了沉积地层连续性和记录完整性的基础上,重建了腾格里沙漠南缘末次冰消期的气候环境演变序列。结果表明,沉积物中Ca,Fe,Mg,K,Na和Mn等元素含量的变化以及结合其不同的孢粉组合,不仅与沉积环境紧密相关,而且可以很好地揭示该地区晚冰期以来气候环境变化的基本特征和历史,显示研究区在13.6～9.7cal.kaB.P.期间主要经历了以下几个阶段: 13.60～13.08cal.kaB.P.,12.75～12.20cal.kaB.P.和 11.60～10.45cal.kaB.P.期间气候较温暖湿润; 13.08～12.75cal.kaB.P.和10.45～9.70cal.kaB.P.期间气候相对冷干; 而在12.2～11.6cal.kaB.P.期间,则表现相对冷湿。自11.6cal.kaB.P.之后,研究区进入全新世暖期,元素Ca,Fe,Mg,K,Na及Mn的含量和孢粉A/C比值变化曲线均表明在全新世初期气候波动频繁,并在11.3cal.kaB.P.和10.5cal.kaB.P.左右出现较强的冷波动。通过与其他研究区地质记录对比,指出研究区腾格里沙漠南缘末次冰消期气候环境变化尽管存在一定的区域特点,但基本格局与全球气候变化一致。 相似文献
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永胜地震台形变观测资料存在年变现象,为分析年变影响因素,基于该台形变观测数据,与台站东北方向的羊坪水库蓄放水数据进行相关性分析,结果表明,永胜地震台形变观测资料(除分量应变外)的年变形态,主要由羊坪水库的蓄、放水引起。 相似文献
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The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen(<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs(>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity. 相似文献
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