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硼是一种中等挥发性元素,具有11B和10B两个稳定同位素。两个同位素间高达10%的相对质量差使其在地质过程中引起高达-70‰至+75‰的硼同位素变化。硼在自然界主要与氧键合形成三配位(BO3)和四配位(BO4)结构,因而11B和10B间同位素分馏主要受控于三配体(BO3)和四面体(BO4)间配分。本文综述了低温和高温地质过程的硼同位素分馏的理论和实验研究进展。在溶液中B(OH)3和${B(OH)^{-}_{4}}$间硼同位素分馏受pH和热力学p-T条件控制,实验和理论表征获得常温常压条件下的B(OH)3和$B(OH)^{-}_{4}$间同位素分馏系数(α3-4)变化范围为1.019 4至1.033 3。低温条件下矿物(如碳酸盐、黏土矿物(蒙脱石和伊利石)、针铁矿、水锰矿、硼酸盐)与溶液间硼同位素分馏行为除了受p-T-pH影响外,矿物表面吸附引起的分馏效应十分显著。在中高温过程(蒙脱石伊利石化、富硼电气石和白云母矿物与热液流体,以及硅酸盐熔体与流体)中硼同位素分馏行为受到硼配位构型、化学成分以及物理化学条件的控制。随着硼同位素分馏机理研究的深入以及越来越完善的地质储库硼同位素端员特征表征,硼同位素地球化学指标可以灵敏示踪成矿物质来源、探究成矿作用与成因模式和重建成矿过程物理化学条件。目前矿床硼同位素地球化学研究的难点在于实现不同赋存相(如流体、矿物和熔体)中硼配位键合结构和硼同位素组成的精细化表征。 相似文献
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The catchment of South Luohe River in Central China is an important region for investigating modern pollen-environment relationship, because it is located in the transitional zone between south and north China, an environment which is sensitive to climate changes. In this study, 40 surface samples under ten vegetation types were collected to reveal the relationship between pollen assemblages and vegetation. The results show that the surface pollen assemblages reflect the vegetation quite well. In forest topsoils, the average of arboreal pollen content is greater than 40%, and the Selaginella sinensis spore is high. As to sparse forest grassland and shrub community, the average arboreal pollen is 13.2% and 16.6% respectively, and the shrub pollen is relatively higher than that of grassland samples. The grassland and farmland are characterized by low percentage of tree and shrub pollen(<10% and <1%), and high percentage of herbs(>80%). Pinus, Quercus and some other arboreal pollen can indicate the regional vegetation because of their dispersal ability. Quercus pollen is under-representative and so is Pinus. Artemisia pollen is significantly over-represented, has poor correlation with the plant coverage, and may reflect human disturbance. Gramineae can indicate plant quite well, but with low representation. High content of Chenopodiaceae probably suggests human impact. Predominant Selaginella sinensis can be used as an indicator of forest environment. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis of pollen assemblages can distinguish forest and non-forest vegetation well. The former method is better at separating pine and mixed forests, while the latter is more stable and could better differentiate farmland and other non-forest area. The first axis of PCA mainly reflects the humidity. 相似文献
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选取南洛河上游洛南盆地10 种植被类型下40 处样点表土苔藓开展孢粉与植被关系的研究.结果表明,表土中孢粉组成能很好地反映植被类型.森林表土中乔木植物花粉含量平均值大于40%,且有较高含量的中华卷柏孢子;疏林草原、灌丛群落中乔木植物花粉平均含量分别为13.2%和16.6%,灌木植物花粉相对草丛群落含量较高;草丛群落和农田中乔木花粉平均含量均<10%,草本植物花粉>80%,灌木植物花粉<1%.洛南盆地表土孢粉总浓度平均为1.42×105粒/g,与植被覆盖度关系较弱,而与植被类型有一定联系,能辅助植被类型的辨识.聚类分析和PCA分析都能较好区分森林和非森林植被,前者能较好地区分松林和混交林,后者能较好地区分农田和灌、草丛植被,且比聚类分析更加稳定.松属、栎属等乔木花粉具有较强的扩散能力,能指示区域植被,松属没有表现出很强的超代表性,栎属具有低代表性;蒿属花粉与植被覆盖度间的相关关系较差,具有明显的超代表性,其大量出现与人类的干扰有一定的联系,禾本科花粉具有很好的植被指示性和低代表性,藜科花粉的高含量主要指示了高强度的人类活动;中华卷柏孢子在地层中的大量出现具有指示森林或松林环境的意义. 相似文献
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对黄土高原南部渭南阳郭水库剖面黄土-古土壤酸溶相硼含量和硼同位素组成(δ11B)进行了精确测定.结果表明,硼含量变化范围为0.39~3.94ug g-1,δ11B值分布范围在-23.8‰~9.5‰,古土壤的平均硼含量和δ11B值都高于黄土的.研究表明,黄土-古土壤酸溶相硼主要来自降水中积累的硼以及硅酸盐风化产生的硼,因此,酸溶相δ11B值可以减少源区信息和温度热量等因素的影响,反映降水量变化,有可能作为黄土沉积形成演化过程中降水量的一个替代性指标.另外,本研究根据δ11B变化重建了黄土高原南部末次间冰期以来夏季风降水历史,与传统的夏季风降水替代性指标基本可以对比,但δ11B在揭示过去季风降水量变化方面的机理更加清楚. 相似文献
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