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21.
Cristiano Nicosia Roger Langohr Pilar Carmona Gonzlez Carlos Gmez Bellard Emily B. Modrall Jos Miguel Ruíz Prez Peter van Dommelen 《Geoarchaeology》2013,28(4):373-393
The site of Pauli Stincus is located near the town of Terralba, on the inland shores of the Gulf of Oristano in west central Sardinia, Italy, and was occupied between the mid‐4th and the late 2nd century B.C. The site and its surroundings were the object of a joint archaeopedological and geomorphological study, which complemented the data from archaeological excavations. This study allowed us to evaluate the suitability of the different landscape and soil components for crop production in the Punic period. The discovery of a buried plow soil at the site's edge enabled us to identify a set of agricultural practices carried out by Punic farmers. These included the removal of sandy topsoil to cultivate deeper horizons enriched in illuvial clay, the use of a "sodbuster" or "rip ard," and the periodic burning of weeds, stubble, and other harvesting residues. The present study helped us to better understand the formation processes of the archaeological record at Pauli Stincus. Large quantities of allochtonous calcareous material were imported to the site from wet areas closer to the coast in order to produce earth‐based construction material, such as bricks and daub. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
22.
Jörg M. Colberg Frazer Pearce Caroline Foster Erwin Platen Riccardo Brunino Mark Neyrinck Spyros Basilakos Anthony Fairall Hume Feldman Stefan Gottlöber Oliver Hahn Fiona Hoyle Volker Müller Lorne Nelson Manolis Plionis Cristiano Porciani Sergei Shandarin Michael S. Vogeley Rien van de Weygaert 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(2):933-944
Despite a history that dates back at least a quarter of a century, studies of voids in the large-scale structure of the Universe are bedevilled by a major problem: there exist a large number of quite different void-finding algorithms, a fact that has so far got in the way of groups comparing their results without worrying about whether such a comparison in fact makes sense. Because of the recent increased interest in voids, both in very large galaxy surveys and in detailed simulations of cosmic structure formation, this situation is very unfortunate. We here present the first systematic comparison study of 13 different void finders constructed using particles, haloes, and semi-analytical model galaxies extracted from a subvolume of the Millennium simulation. This study includes many groups that have studied voids over the past decade. We show their results and discuss their differences and agreements. As it turns out, the basic results of the various methods agree very well with each other in that they all locate a major void near the centre of our volume. Voids have very underdense centres, reaching below 10 per cent of the mean cosmic density. In addition, those void finders that allow for void galaxies show that those galaxies follow similar trends. For example, the overdensity of void galaxies brighter than m B =−20 is found to be smaller than about −0.8 by all our void finding algorithms. 相似文献
23.
The Araguainha meteorite impact was certainly one of the most catastrophic events in the history of the South American continent. The impact occurred around 250 Ma ago, when the region was covered by the estuarine waters of the Parana Basin in central parts of Brazil. The impacting body of approximately 2–3 km in diameter was sufficiently large to excavate a 2 km-thick sedimentary sequence of the Parana Basin and to expose a 4 km-wide core of basement crystalline rocks in the central part of the crater. The huge scar left by the meteorite collision is 40 km in diameter, the largest and best preserved impact crater on the continent. Combined field observations and remote sensing analysis demonstrates that the Araguainha impact structure preserves all morphological/structural features of large lunar craters, being thus an important analogue to study large extraterrestrial craters. The catastrophic energy released upon impact, close to 106 megatons of TNT, must have been disastrous for marine organisms living in the Parana Basin. Ongoing studies are currently evaluating the link between the Araguainha impact and the Permian–Triassic mass extinction, which is the greatest of the mass extinctions in Earth history. 相似文献
24.
This paper documents the occurrence of large amounts of talc within a continental normal fault. The talc-in reaction is deformation-enhanced
and occurs by the interaction between dolostones and silica-rich hydrothermal fluids. In the high-strain, foliated fault core,
talc forms an interconnected network of oriented (001) lamellae, 200–300 nm thick, locally associated with minor tremolite
fibres, up to 300 nm in diameter. The talc structure is affected by several strain-induced defects, among which (001) interlayer
delamination that produces talc “sublamellae” down to 10–30 nm thick. Micro/nanostructural observations definitely point to
a predominant deformation mechanism of (001) frictional sliding, further enhanced by pervasive delamination that gives rise
to an almost infinite number of possible sliding surfaces. These effects have fundamental implications in fault mechanics,
resulting in significant fault weakening. 相似文献
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26.
Hendrik Lantzsch Till J.J. Hanebuth Cristiano M. Chiessi Tilmann Schwenk Roberto A. Violante 《Quaternary Research》2014
The continental margin off the La Plata Estuary (SE South America) is characterized by high fluvial sediment supply and strong ocean currents. High-resolution sediment-acoustic data combined with sedimentary facies analysis, AMS-14C ages, and neodymium isotopic data allowed us to reconstruct late Quaternary sedimentary dynamics in relation to the two major sediment sources, the La Plata Estuary and the Argentine margin. Sediments from these two provinces show completely different dispersal patterns. We show that the northward-trending La Plata paleo-valley was the sole transit path for the huge volumes of fluvial material during lower sea levels. In contrast, material from the Argentine margin sector was transported northwards by the strong current system. Despite the large sediment volumes supplied by both sources, wide parts of the shelf were characterized by either persistent non-deposition or local short-term depocenter formation. The location and formation history of these depocenters were primarily controlled by the interplay of sea level with current strength and local morphology. The high sediment supply was of secondary importance to the stratigraphic construction, though locally resulting in high sedimentation rates. Thus, the shelf system off the La Plata Estuary can be considered as a hydrodynamic-controlled end-member. 相似文献
27.
We report results on the construction of cosmological braneworld models in the context of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity,
which include the leading correction to the Einstein-Hilbert action suggested by superstring theory. We obtain and study the
equations governing the dynamics of the standard cosmological models. We find that they can be written in the same form as
in the case of the Randall-Sundrum model but with time-varying four-dimensional gravitational and cosmological constants.
Finally, we discuss the cosmological evolution predicted by these models and their compatibility with observational data.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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