Use of non-parametric correlation tests for the study of seismic interrelations     

Dario Albarello  Marco Mucciarelli  Enzo Mantovani 《Geophysical Journal International》1989,96(1):185-188

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Empirical fragility and vulnerability curves for buildings exposed to slow-moving landslides at medium and large scales   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dario Peduto  Settimio Ferlisi  Gianfranco Nicodemo  Diego Reale  Giovanni Pisciotta  Giovanni Gullà 《Landslides》2017,14(6):1993-2007

Slow-moving landslides yearly induce huge economic losses worldwide in terms of damage to facilities and interruption of human activities. Within the landslide risk management framework, the consequence analysis is a key step entailing procedures mainly based on identifying and quantifying the exposed elements, defining an intensity criterion and assessing the expected losses. This paper presents a two-scale (medium and large) procedure for vulnerability assessment of buildings located in areas affected by slow-moving landslides. Their intensity derives from Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) satellite data analysis, which in the last decade proved to be capable of providing cost-effective long-term displacement archives. The analyses carried out on two study areas of southern Italy (one per each of the addressed scales) lead to the generation, as an absolute novelty, of both empirical fragility and vulnerability curves for buildings in slow-moving landslide-affected areas. These curves, once further validated, can be valuably used as tools for consequence forecasting purposes and, more in general, for planning the most suitable slow-moving landslide risk mitigation strategies.  相似文献   

GPS precision as a function of session duration and reference frame using multi-point software   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dario Firuzabadì  Robert W. King 《GPS Solutions》2012,16(2):191-196

As an aid to survey design, we used data acquired from three European continuous GPS networks to test the precision of position estimates from static observations as a function of the length of the observing session and the number and distribution of reference stations. Our criterion was the weighted RMS of estimates over 31 days with respect to coordinates determined from 24-h sessions over a 2-year period. With a single reference station, a precision of 3 mm horizontal and 10 mm vertical could be achieved reliably only for session lengths of 3 h or longer and baselines less than 200 km. If four or more reference stations are used, these levels of precision were usually achieved with sessions as short as 2 h. With sessions 6 h or longer and four or more reference stations, the precision is typically 1–2 mm in horizontal and about 3–5 mm in vertical. Increasing the number of reference stations further provides only marginal improvement. Although there is some variation in precision in 4-station networks with the choice of reference stations, the dependence on distance and geometric distribution is weak.  相似文献   

Multi‐scale modelling approach for the pushover analysis of existing RC shear walls—Part I: Model formulation     

Maria Gabriella Mulas  Dario Coronelli  Luca Martinelli 《地震工程与结构动力学》2007,36(9):1169-1187

This work focuses on the modelling issues related to the adoption of the pushover analysis for the seismic assessment of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. To this purpose a prototype reference structure, one of the RC shear walls designed according to the multi‐fuse concept and tested on shaking table for the CAMUS project, is modelled at different levels of refinement. The meso‐scale of a stiffness‐based fibre element and the micro‐scale of the finite element (FE) method are herein adopted; in the latter separate elements are adopted for the concrete, the steel and the steel–concrete interface. This first of the two companion papers presents in detail the wall under study, illustrating the design philosophy, the geometry of the wall, the instrumentation set‐up and the test programme. The two modelling approaches are then described; the most important points in terms of element formulation and constitutive relations for materials are presented and discussed for each approach, in the light of the particular design of the wall and of its experimental behaviour. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The climatology of tornadoes and waterspouts in Italy   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Dario B. Giaiotti  Mauro Giovannoni  Arturo Pucillo  Fulvio Stel   《Atmospheric Research》2007,83(2-4):534-541

In this work 10 years of reports collected by weather amateurs are used to define a preliminary climatology of tornadoes and waterspouts in Italy. The results show behaviors different from those observed in other countries. Generally, tornadoes and waterspouts are more frequent in late summer and autumn than in the other seasons. The seasonality of tornadoes and waterspouts appears different for different Italian zones, in particular in the Po Valley and Friulian plain and coast (south to the Alps) tornadoes and waterspouts are more frequent in spring and early summer while in the Tirrenian and Ionian coasts (western and southern Italy), tornadoes and waterspouts are more frequent in late summer and autumn. As observed in other studies (Brooks, H., E. and Doswell, C. A. III, 2001. Some aspects of the international climatology of tornadoes by damage classification. Atmos. Res., 56, 191–201.) Italian tornadoes and waterspouts are statistically weaker than in other countries but this difference cannot be completely ascribed to the presence of waterspouts. The “CAPE Storm-Relative-Helicity diagrams” and “Shear Magnitude diagrams” obtained for Italian tornadoes and waterspouts show different characteristics than those obtained for US. The cause of these differences is still unknown, it can rely in the sample selection (problems with the concept of proximity sounding) or in a real climatic effect.  相似文献   

U-Pb SHRIMP zircon dating of andesite from the Dolomite area (NE Italy): geochronological evidence for the early onset of Permian Volcanism in the eastern part of the southern Alps     

Dario Visonà  Anna Maria Fioretti  Maria Eliana Poli  Adriano Zanferrari  Mark Fanning 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2007,100(2):313-324

The Athesian Volcanic District (AVD), a thick sequence of andesitic to rhyolitic lava and ignimbrite, overlies both the Variscan basement of the Dolomites and, where present, the continental basal conglomerate of Upper Carboniferous(?) to Early Permian age. This volcanic activity is known to mark the margin of the intra-Pangea megashear system between Gondwana and Laurasia, the onset age of which is determined in this study.SHRIMP U-Pb dating on zircon from Ponte Gardena/Waidbruck (Isarco/Eisack valley) basaltic andesite yields an age of 290.7 ± 3 Ma, providing the oldest record of andesite volcanic activity yet documented in the AVD. Two younger dates (279.9 ± 3.3 and 278.6 ± 3.1 Ma) obtained for the andesitic necks of M. dei Ginepri (Eores/Aferer valley) and Col Quaternà (western Comelico), respectively, probably represent a second pulse of andesite magmatic activity.Near Chiusa/Klausen, the volcanoclastic deposits at the bottom of the Funes/Villnöss valley volcano-sedimentary complex only contain detrital zircons, dated at 469 ± 6 Ma; these probably derive from erosion of Paleozoic porphyroids. Other zircons from the same sediments and inherited cores of magmatic andesite crystals give Paleoproterozoic (1953.6 ± 22.1, 1834.6 ± 69.3, 1773.6 ± 25.1 Ma), Early Neoproterozoic (1015 ± 14 Ma) and Late Neoproterozoic (728.4 ± 9.6, 687.6 ± 7.6 Ma) ages. These ancient detrital and inherited zircon ages fit the model that envisages the Dolomite region as being tectonically coherent with Africa, at least until the Lower Permian.  相似文献   

The antiquity indicator argon‐40/argon‐36 for lunar surface samples calibrated by uranium‐235‐xenon‐136 dating     

Otto EUGSTER  Dario TERRIBILINI  Ernst POLNAU  Jan KRAMERS 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2001,36(8):1097-1115

Abstract— Several solar gas rich lunar soils and breccias have trapped ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios >10, although solar Ar is expected to yield a ratio of <0.01. Radiogenic ⁴⁰Ar produced in the lunar crust from ⁴⁰K decay was outgassed into the lunar atmosphere, ionized, accelerated in the electromagnetic field of the solar wind, and reimplanted into lunar surface material. The ⁴⁰Ar loss rate depends on the decreasing abundance of ⁴⁰K. In order to calibrate the time dependence of the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratio in lunar surface material, the period of reimplantation of lunar atmospheric ions and of solar wind Ar was determined using the ²³⁵U‐¹³⁶Xe dating method that relies on secondary cosmic‐ray neutron‐induced fission of ²³⁵U. We identified the trapped, fissiogenic, and cosmogenic noble gases in lunar breccia 14307 and lunar soils 70001‐8, 70181, 74261, and 75081. Uranium and Th concentrations were determined in the 74261 soil for which we obtain the ²³⁵U‐¹³⁶Xe time of implantation of 3.25^+0.38_‐0.60 Ga ago. On the basis of several cosmogenic noble gas signatures we calculate the duration of this near surface exposure of 393 ± 45 Ma and an average shielding depth below the lunar surface of 73 ± 7 g/cm². A second, recent exposure to solar and cosmic‐ray particles occurred after this soil was excavated from Shorty crater 17.2 ± 1.4 Ma ago. Using a compilation of all lunar data with reliable trapped Ar isotopic ratios and pre‐exposure times we infer a calibration curve of implantation times, based on the trapped⁴⁰ Ar/³⁶Ar ratio. A possible trend for the increase with time of the solar ³He/⁴He and ²⁰Ne/²²Ne ratios of about 12%/Ga and about 2%/Ga, respectively, is also discussed.  相似文献   

Book reviews     

Jill Jäger  J. Oerlemans  Dario Camuffo  A. J. Semtner Jr.  Tom Bettge  L. D. Danny Harvey 《Climatic change》1986,8(2):189-199

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Flood Events of Selected European Rivers in the Sixteenth Century     

Rudolf Brázdil  Rüdiger Glaser  Christian Pfister  Petr Dobrovolný  Jean-Marc Antoine  Mariano Barriendos  Dario Camuffo  Mathias Deutsch  Silvia Enzi  Emanuela Guidoboni  Oldřich Kotyza  Fernando Sanchez Rodrigo 《Climatic change》1999,43(1):239-285

The severity and frequency of sixteenth-century floods of the Rhine, the Main, the middle and upper Elbe with its tributaries, rivers of northern and central Italy, the Garonne and rivers in Catalonia and Andalusia are analyzed using documentary evidence. The basic topographical and hydrological characteristics of the rivers investigated as well as the synoptic causes of their flooding during the instrumental period are presented. Different examples of modifications of the run-off process due to anthropogenic activity are discussed. Prevalence in flood occurrence during the second half of the sixteenth century in comparison to the first half is typical for central European and Andalusian rivers (mainly in the 1560s and 1590s) and agrees with the evolution of precipitation patterns. On the other hand, Italian and Catalonian rivers, in part, had a higher occurrence of floods during the first half of the century. Changes in the flooding seasons in both halves of the century are not unambiguous. Results of an analysis on a broader European scale show floods to be a random natural phenomena with limited areal extent defined by the spatial influence of forcing meteorological factors (continuous heavy rains, sudden melting of thick snow cover, etc.). Despite some limitations of documentary evidence, series of reconstructed historical floods are valuable sources of proxy data which can be utilized for the study of the flooding fluctuations in the pre-instrumental period.  相似文献   

Reconnaissance geology in Upper Chitral,Baroghil and Karambar districts (northern Karakorum,Pakistan)     

Maurizio Gaetani  Lucia Angiolini  Alda Nicora  Dario Sciunnach  Patrick Le Fort  Seifnullah Tanoli  Asif Khan 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1996,85(4):683-704

During the summer of 1992 a geological expedition crossed the northern Karakorum range in northern Pakistan, from the Chitral to Karambar valleys, from the villages of Mastuj to Imit. Some of the areas visited were geologically unknown. A number of structural units were crossed, belonging to the Karakorum block or to other crustal blocks north of it. They are: (a) the axial batholith, in which three plutonic bodies have been identified, and (b) the northern sedimentary belt (NSB), in which three major tectonostratigraphic units form thrust stacks dipping to the north. Their internal stratigraphy and structural style are partly different. The most complete contains a crystalline basement, transgressed by a marine succession during the Early Ordovician. The youngest strata are represented by the Reshun conglomerate, of inferred Cretaceous age. The northernmost unit of the NSB is tightly folded, whereas the central one forms a monocline. Vertical faults, mainly strike-slip, dissect the thrusted slabs. Metamorphic deformation is absent or reaches only the anchizone in the studied sector of the Karakorum NSB. To the north of the Karakorum proper there are several other tectonic units, separated by vertical faults. They are, from south to north: (a) the Taš Kupruk zone, with metavolcanics of basaltic to latibasaltic composition; (b) the Atark unit, mostly consisting of massive carbonate rocks of Mesozoic age; and (c) the Wakhan slates which consist of a thick widespread succession of dark slates, metasiltites and sandstones. The fine-grained elastic rocks are supposed to be Palaeozoic to Early Triassic in age. The Wakhan slates are intruded by plutons belonging to the East Hindu Kush batholith, from which a single K/Ar age on muscovite gave a Jurassic age.  相似文献