Basement framework and geodynamic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic superbasins of north‐central Australia: An integrated review of geochemical,geochronological and geophysical data     

D. L. Scott  D. J. Rawlings  R. W. Page  C. Z. Tarlowski  M. Idnurm  M. J. Jackson 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(3):341-380

A largely convergent setting is proposed for crustal, tectonic and basin evolution of the intracratonic regions of north‐central Australia between 1800 and 1575 Ma. The new geodynamic model contrasts with previous proposals of widespread extension during the Leichhardt, Calvert and Isa intervals. Local transtensional to extensional structures exist, but these are best explained by a combination of flexural, thermal and dynamic processes related to an active southern margin. The development of thick accumulations of sediments (superbasins) is linked geodynamically to interpreted active margin processes (subduction and magmatic arcs) in central Australia. A synthesis of geochemical data from the 1870–1575 Ma igneous units from the Arnhem, McArthur and Mt Isa regions of north‐central Australia confirms the intracratonic setting of these units and suggests that a long‐lived thermal anomaly was responsible for the generation of both mafic and felsic magmas. The geochemical characteristics suggest the igneous units are derived from the lithospheric mantle and are not typical rift‐ or plume‐related melts. A review of the U–Pb SHRIMP ages for the entire region demonstrates the minimum distribution of correlative igneous rocks was widespread. Exotic populations in the ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb isotopic data provide insights into the nature and evolution of the crust throughout north‐central Australia. Archaean inheritance is found to be nearly ubiquitous. The data support the temporal subdivision of north‐central Australia into the Leichhardt (1800–1750 Ma), Calvert (1750–1690 Ma) and Isa (1690–1575 Ma) intervals which are marked by superbasins and concomitant episodes of igneous activity. A highly heterogeneous pre‐superbasin crust is interpreted from regional, newly processed geophysical data. The cratonic portion of north‐central Australia is interpreted to consist of three broad northwest‐trending belts or elements that are further distinguished into western, central and eastern geophysically distinct provinces. A map of the superbasin distribution is derived and integrated with structural and stratigraphic data to assess the evolution of the basins and the crust through time. The superbasin successions of north‐central Australia are synchronous and widespread, although not necessarily interconnected. The tectonic model incorporates dynamic tilting of the craton during episodes of subduction and transmission of compressive intraplate stresses through the craton during intervening episodes of orogeny. These processes resulted in flexure, strike‐slip deformation and a complex thermal structure. These mechanisms account for the subsidence and basin evolution that results in widespread ramp and strike‐slip basins. The model also accounts for the thermal history recorded by magmatic events. The proposed geodynamical model provides a unifying crustal evolution scenario for central and northern Australia for approximately 225 million years of the Proterozoic.  相似文献   

Geochemical traces of CO₂-rich fluid flow along normal faults in central Italy     

Fabrizio Agosta  reas Mulch †  Page Chamberlain  Atilla Aydin 《Geophysical Journal International》2008,174(2):758-770

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Atmospheric Electrification in Dusty,Reactive Gases in the Solar System and Beyond     

Christiane Helling  R. Giles Harrison  Farideh Honary  Declan A. Diver  Karen Aplin  Ian Dobbs-Dixon  Ute Ebert  Shu-ichiro Inutsuka  Francisco J. Gordillo-Vazquez  Stuart Littlefair 《Surveys in Geophysics》2016,37(4):705-756

Detailed observations of the solar system planets reveal a wide variety of local atmospheric conditions. Astronomical observations have revealed a variety of extrasolar planets none of which resembles any of the solar system planets in full. Instead, the most massive amongst the extrasolar planets, the gas giants, appear very similar to the class of (young) brown dwarfs which are amongst the oldest objects in the Universe. Despite this diversity, solar system planets, extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs have broadly similar global temperatures between 300 and 2500 K. In consequence, clouds of different chemical species form in their atmospheres. While the details of these clouds differ, the fundamental physical processes are the same. Further to this, all these objects were observed to produce radio and X-ray emissions. While both kinds of radiation are well studied on Earth and to a lesser extent on the solar system planets, the occurrence of emissions that potentially originate from accelerated electrons on brown dwarfs, extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks is not well understood yet. This paper offers an interdisciplinary view on electrification processes and their feedback on their hosting environment in meteorology, volcanology, planetology and research on extrasolar planets and planet formation.  相似文献   

Tropical peatlands: current plight and the need for responsible management          下载免费PDF全文

Sophie M. Green  Susan Page 《Geology Today》2017,33(5):174-179

Peatlands are important carbon stores, but when drained (e.g. for agriculture), this carbon is released to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO₂, a greenhouse gas). Globally, at least 15% of peatlands have been drained, mostly in Europe and South‐east Asia, and are responsible for 5% of human‐derived CO₂ emissions. Peatlands have been exploited for generations, but not without local to global consequences, particularly in South‐East Asia. However, recognition of the continuous environmental toll caused by peatland exploitation is leading to a need to change attitudes and practices, in order to propel a move towards a more balanced and responsible use of peat in both northern and tropical peatlands.  相似文献   

Discovery of multiple Lorentzian components in the X-ray timing properties of the Narrow Line Seyfert 1 Ark 564     

I. M. McHardy  P. Arévalo  P. Uttley  I. E. Papadakis  D. P. Summons  W. Brinkmann  M. J. Page 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(3):985-994

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Palaeoecological investigations towards the reconstruction of the post-glacial environment at Lough Doo,County Mayo,Ireland     

Michael O'connell  Frazer J. G. Mitchell  Peter W. Readman  Terence J. Doherty  Declan A. Murray 《第四纪科学杂志》1987,2(2):149-164

Results of palaeoecological studies involving pollen analytical, chemical and palaeomagnetic investigations on a 3 m core from Lough Doo, NE County Mayo, are presented. The record, which commences shortly after 7000 BP, shows a sharp Alnus expansion coinciding with a decline in Pius at 6400 BP, an elm decline taking place in the context of severe soil erosion and the final decline of Pinus occurring as the chemical record indicates onset of severe reducing conditions in the catchment. Pine becomes extinct at or shortly before 3200 BP in the context of increased farming activity and the expansion of blanket bog in the adjacent upland areas. A later feature (c. 1880 BP) is the expansion of Taxus to 7.1% of total pollen. On the basis of the palynological evidence, it is concluded that there were no major Neolithic Landnam phases, which contrasts sharply with the evidence for widespread woodland clearance and the laying out of extensive and regular field systems in the northern coastal part of County Mayo. In the upper part of the core a severe inversion of ¹⁴C dates is recorded. On the basis of the palaeomagnetic and pollen evidence this began at c. 1500 BP and is considered to have been initiated in the context of woodland clearance and a renewal in farming activity.  相似文献   

Petroleum sources in the western Gulf of Alaska/Shelikoff Strait area     

David S. Page  Paul D. Boehm  Gregory S. Douglas  A. E. Bence  William A. Burns  Paul J. Mankiewicz 《Marine pollution bulletin》1998,36(12):1004-1012

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The hard X-ray spectrum of soft X-ray-selected AGN     

M. J. Page 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,298(2):537-542

I use ASCA data to investigate the 2–10 keV X-ray emission of active galactic nuclei (AGN) taken from the ROSAT International X-ray Optical Survey (RIXOS). I find that the integrated spectrum of these faint, soft X-ray-selected AGN in the 2–10 keV band is harder (best-fitting α = 0.8 ± 0.1) than the slope measured with ROSAT between 0.1 and 2 keV, but softer than the 2–10 keV X-ray background, and consistent with the average 2–10 keV spectrum of bright, nearby Seyfert galaxies. With this spectral slope and using measurements of the AGN contribution to the 1–2 keV X-ray background, I estimate that the AGN percentage contribution to the 2–10 keV background is 0.60 ^+0.19_−0.14 times the AGN percentage contribution to the 1–2 keV background. Hence AGN produce between 12 and 32 per cent of the 2–10 keV X-ray background. This is only the contribution from the types of AGN which are found in soft X-ray surveys; a population of absorbed AGN could represent an additional component of the 2–10 keV X-ray background.  相似文献   

Comparison of mussels and semi-permeable membrane devices as intertidal monitors of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at oil spill sites     

Boehm PD  Page DS  Brown JS  Neff JM  Edward Bence A 《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,50(7):740-750

Side-by-side comparisons of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations in resident blue mussels (Mytilus trossulus) and in semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were made at four sites in Prince William Sound, Alaska. SPMDs were deployed for approximately 30 days on the surface of the beach sediment at three tidal elevations on each shore and in 0.5 m deep open pits in the middle intertidal zone. Total PAH (TPAH) concentrations in mussels and in SPMDs were correlated, but the PAH compositions were different. The lower molecular weight PAH were relatively more abundant in the SPMDs than in the mussels at oiled and HA sites. TPAH concentrations in SPMDs deployed in pits and mussels collected adjacent to those pits at oiled sites were higher than in SPMDs and mussels from non-pitted SPMD locations approximately 3-15 m from the pits. Pitting released buried oil making its PAH bioavailable. SPMDs deployed in the supratidal zone (+4.0 m tidal elevation) were exposed to atmospheric contaminants for a large fraction of the deployment time and accumulated primarily pyrogenic (combustion-sourced) PAH from the atmosphere. The SPMD strips supplied by the manufacturer contained significant amounts (approximately 125 ng/strip) of primarily alkylated 2-3 ring PAH. These blank levels make SPMDs unsuitable for shoreline assessments when environmental PAH concentrations are low. Consequently, where available, mussels are recommended for use in assessments of the bioavailability of buried oil residues sequestered in intertidal sediments following an oil spill. Mussels are the preferred monitoring tool when the assessments involve food-chain effects. At locations where the absence of mussels necessitates the use of SPMDs or other passive sampling devices, their limitations need to be carefully considered in the interpretation of results.  相似文献   

Characterizing aquatic sediment-oil aggregates using in situ instruments     

Sterling MC  Bonner JS  Ernest AN  Page CA  Autenrieth RL 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,48(5-6):533-542

The effects of emulsified crude oil and salinity (15, 30 per thousand ) on the steady state aggregate volume distributions and fractal dimensions were determined for a range of mean velocity gradients, (G(m) =5-50 s(-1)). Aggregation was performed in a 40-L cylindrical tank with a 4-blade paddle mixer. Three-dimensional fractal dimensions (D3) and volume distributions were determined using a procedure integrating data from an electrozone and an in situ light scattering instrument. Two-dimensional fractal dimensions (D2) and derived volume distributions were determined using a recently developed submersible flow cytometer equipped with a digital camera and image analysis software. For latex beads or emulsified crude oil systems, the above listed instruments yielded consistent size distributions and fractal dimensions (D2=1.92 +/- 0.16, D3=2.94 +/- 0.12). Mean volume aggregate diameters determined using the FlowCAM were consistently larger that those determined using the LISST-100 or Coulter Multisizer due to aggregate orientations during measurements. With increasing G(m) values, all colloidal aggregates showed increasing D3 values due to reduced aggregate length. Because of the compactness of all the aggregates (D3 >2), D2 values remained constant at 2. Neither salinity nor sediment type significantly affected D2 values calculated for sediment-crude oil aggregates. However, clay-oil aggregates showed higher D3 values than clay aggregates. This suggests that colloidal oil and mixing shear are the more dominant factors influencing aggregate morphology in nearshore waters. Overall, the data suggests that the analysis methods provide consistent size distribution results. However, because of the shear and salinity of coastal waters, resulting aggregates are too compact to estimate their D3 values using image analysis alone.  相似文献