Sedimentary response to volcanic activity in the Okinawa Trough since the last deglaciation     

蒋富清  李安春  李铁刚 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,(1)

To investigate the relationship between volcanic activity and sediment record on regional and temporal scales,158 surface sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea Shelf to the northern Okinawa Trough (OT),and two cores recovered in the northern and southern OT,respectively.Mineralogy,grain-size,and geochemical analyses of those samples show that:1) volcanic glass,volcanic-type pyroxene,hypersthenes,and magnetite increase in sediment influenced by volcanic activity;2) sediment grain sizes (and...  相似文献   

Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Microparticles in Snowpits on the Tibetan Plateau, China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ZHANG Yulana  c  KANG Shichanga  b  ZHANG Qianggonga  CONG Zhiyuana  ZHANG Yongjuna  GAO Tanguanga  ca Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes  L  Surface Processes 《山地科学学报》2010,7(1):15-25

The work presents microparticle concentrations in snowpits from the East Rongbuk Glacier on Mt. Qomolangma (Everest) (ER) (28.02°N, 86.96°E, 6536 m a.s.l.), the Zhadang Glacier on Mt. Nyainqentanglha (NQ) (30.47°N, 90.65°E, 5800m a.s.l.), and the Guoqu Glacier on Mt. Geladaindong (GL) (33.95°N, 91.28°E, 5823m a.s.l.) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Variations of microparticle and major ions (e.g. Mg2+, Ca2+) concentrations in snowpits show that the values of the microparticles and ions in the non-monsoon seasons are much higher than those in the monsoon seasons. Annual flux of microparticle deposition at ER is lower than those at NQ and GL, which could be attributed to the long distance away from the possible dust source regions as well as the elevation for ER higher than the others. Compared with other remote areas, microparticle concentrations in the southern TP are much lower than those in the northern TP, but still much higher than those in Greenland and Antarctica. The seasonal and spatial microparticle variations are clearly related to the variations of atmospheric circulation according to the air mass 5-day backward trajectory analyses of HYSPLIT Model. Resultingly, the high microparticle values in snow are mainly attributed to the westerlies and the strong dust storm outbreaks on the TP, while the monsoon circulation brings great amount of precipitation from the Indian Ocean, thus reducing in the aerosol concentrations.  相似文献   

Using lightning locating system based on time-of-arrival technique to study three-dimensional lightning discharge processes   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

ZHANG GuangShu  WANG YanHui  QIE XiuShu  ZHANG Tong  ZHAO YuXiang    LI YaJun & CAO DongJie Laboratory for Climate Environment  Disasters of Western China  Cold  Arid Regions Environmental  Engineering Research Institute  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Lanzhou  China  Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere  Global Environment Observation 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2010,(4)

A time-of-arrival(TOA) system based on GPS technology for locating VHF radiation sources from lightning has been developed and used in observation sites in the northern Shandong Province,China.The 3D images of the lightning progression have been obtained successfully for the first time in China.The 3D-channel evolutions of typical negative CG,positive CG and IC lightning flashes have been discussed together with the data of fast electric field change.It was found that significant differences existed between the negative and positive CG lightning flashes in terms of the initiation and propagation of the radiation sources.The preliminary breakdown of a negative CG lightning flash propagated at a speed about 5.2×104 m/s.The stepped leader of negative CG lightning flashes was trigged by negative initial breakdown.Thereafter,it propagated downward at a speed of 1.3×105 m/s.The initial process of the positive CG lightning flashes was also a propagation process of negative streamer.These streamers propagated dominantly horizontally in the positive charge region and accumulated positive charges at the origin of the lightning,and as a consequence,initiated downward positive streamers.A new type of lightning discharge that was triggered by a narrow bipolar pulse(NBP) is discussed in this study.The NBP was originated at altitude of about 10.5 km in the upper positive charge region.As a distinct difference from normal IC flash,its channels extended horizontally all around and produced a lot of radiation sources.The source power of the NBP could approach 16.7 kW,which is much greater than that of normal lightning discharge ranging between 100 mW and 500 W.The 3D propagation of this new type of lightning discharge was observed and obtained for the first time in China.The possible initiation mechanism of this new type of light-ning is discussed here.  相似文献   

天山乌鲁木齐河源冰川积雪化学特征及其季节变化     

李忠勤  董志文  张明军  王飞腾 《地球科学》2011,36(4):370-678

高海拔雪冰可以记录源自于地球表面的各种化学物质信号.从2002年9月到2005年10月3年的时段内,在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川积累区采集积雪样品,运用比较法、相关分析法等方法,对其中主要离子、不溶粉尘、痕量金属和δ18O等特征及其季节变化进行了分析研究.分析结果表明,积雪离子浓度大小顺序依次为:Ca2+＞SO₄2-＞NO₃-＞Cl-＞NH₄+＞Mg2+＞Na+＞K+,其中Ca2+是主要的阳离子,SO₄2-是主要的阴离子.离子相关性分析表明,除NO₃-之外,其他离子浓度之间均存在较好的正相关.积雪中δ18O值随时间变化表现出与大气温度变化相反的规律.积雪中不溶粉尘和主要化学离子浓度具有明显的季节变化特征,春季期间浓度明显高于其他季节,表明沙尘活动对冰川区化学物质输入有较大贡献;此外,痕量金属(Cd、Pb、Zn、Al、Fe)季节变化特征表明,人类活动的污染物对于研究区雪冰中的化学特征亦有重要影响.   相似文献   

Dredging influenced sediment toxicity of endosulfan and lindane on black tiger shrimp （Penaeus monodon Fabricius） in Chantaburi River estuary in Thailand   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jayakody Arachchige SUMITH  Preeda PARKPIAN  Napaporn LEADPRATHOM 《国际泥沙研究》2009,24(4):455-464

Series of experiments, including background sediment elutriate, spiked-sediment elutriate and spiked- water toxicity tests, were carried out to study the effect of dredging on survivability and ecological competence of commercially important shrimp postlarvae of Penaeus monodon Fabricius. The test sediment represented the most contaminated from endosulfan and lindane in the Chantaburi river mouth estuary. The maximum sediment contamination levels were 49.4 μg/kg of endosulfan and 58.1 μg/kg of lindane in dry weight basis. Dose-response studies in static, non-renewal spiked-sediment elutriate toxicity tests revealed that LC 50 （96 h） values for survival effect based on measured concentrations were 0.50 （0.26-0.95） μg/L for endosulfan and 0.92 （0.63-1.34） μg/L for lindane. The LOECs for endosulfan and lindane were 0.141 and 0.429 μg/L, respectively. The NOECs were estimated to be the dissoluted endosulfan and lindane concentrations from the Chantaburi estuary sediment. The effects on phenoloxidase enzyme activity in shrimp postlarvae exposed for sub-lethal to lethal doses in sediment elutriate were not significant （p〉0.05） at all tested dose levels. The worst case dissolution concentrations of endosulfan and lindane in the water column upon simulatory dredging in the Chantaburi estuary were found to be toxic to shrimp postlarvae on lethal and sub-lethal effects. The NOECs of respective chemicals （i.e., 0.034 and 0.16 μg/L） shared the same orders of magnitude for corresponding NOECs established for whole salt water aquatic life by the USEPA and ＂safe＂ levels calculated by 0.01 safety factor approach. In addition, the significance of multiple pollutant assessments for ecological toxicity testing is highlighted.  相似文献   

西天山菁布拉克基性杂岩体的地球化学特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

张作衡  王志良  毛景文  柴凤梅  杨富全  杨建民 《地质学报》2006,80(7):1005-1016

对与特克斯县菁布拉克铜镍硫化物矿床密切相关的基性杂岩体的地球化学研究表明,该岩体以低Ti、亏损Nb和Ta、富集大离子亲石元素和微富集轻稀土元素为特征。结合其同位素特征,提出该岩体的形成与南天山洋板块向中天山板块俯冲碰撞作用有关,岩浆起源于MORB源的亏损地幔,由于南天山洋壳向亏损地幔的俯冲,导致岩浆具有岛弧岩浆的特点。在侵位过程中遭受地壳和围岩的混染作用较弱。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学钻探场址区的地壳速度结构特征   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王有学姜枚  韩国华 《地球科学》2004,29(6):667-673

为了深入研究大别—苏鲁超高压变质带的深部结构及空间展布特征, 进一步揭示该超高压变质形成的动力学过程, 在中国大陆科学钻探场址区进行了广角反射/折射地震测深调查.根据广角反射/折射地震测深的资料研究, 建立了中国大陆科学钻探场址区的地壳纵波速度结构.从纵向上来看, 研究区域的地壳结构可划分为上、中、下3层: 上地壳的速度小于6.2 0km/s, 厚10余km; 中地壳的速度为6.4 0km/s, 厚亦为10km左右; 下地壳的速度为6.6 0km/s.地壳厚度为31km左右, 且其地壳的平均速度为6.30km/s.上地壳中的速度倒转指示了超高压变质体在地壳内部的空间分布, 且超高压变质体在大陆科学钻探场址及其附近的下部呈现为一隆起形态.   相似文献   

浅层地下水氯代烃污染天然生物降解的判别依据   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

何江涛史敬华  崔卫华刘菲 陈鸿汉 《地球科学》2004,29(3):357-362

天然条件下氯代烃生物降解的判别, 是确定氯代烃污染天然衰减恢复治理技术是否可以采用的关键, 可为天然衰减恢复治理技术的应用提供技术支持.通过分析氯代烃生物降解的特性发现, 地下水环境中氯代烃的生物降解, 必然伴随有第一基质、电子受体、中间产物以及有关的一些间接性指标, 在污染羽状体不同位置及污染羽状体内外产生明显变化, 这些指标的变化均可以不同程度地指示氯代烃生物降解的产生.据此总结出氯代烃生物降解衰减的判别依据分别为电子受体、第一基质(能源和碳源) 及降解中间产物三类指标.   相似文献   

定量评价中国北方粉尘源区地表覆盖类型对表土风蚀强度的影响   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

梅凡民  张小曳  曹军骥  鹿化煜  王亚强 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(1):119-124

根据中国北方不同地表覆盖类型下表土的微团粒粒度分布和粗糙度长度参数,应用DPM模型分别计算了高草覆盖下、低草覆盖下、开垦耕地、砂砾质戈壁、砾质戈壁和裸露沙地在不同摩擦速度时的跃移通量。结果表明,裸露的粉细砂和细砂的跃移通量分别是砂砾质戈壁的几十倍;只有在极高风速条件下低草和高草覆盖下的砾质砂地才出现风蚀,其跃移通量与前面几种覆盖类型存在着1—2个数量级的差异。不同覆盖条件下地表可蚀性组分粒度分布和粗糙度长度的差异是造成风蚀强度差异的主要原因。在此基础上。从风蚀机制讨论了中国北方第四纪粉尘和现代粉尘的主要源区。  相似文献   

红光固体二极管点阵在释光测年中的光照应用   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

王旭龙  李晓妮  卢演俦 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2004,24(1):133-137

释光测年实验室照明光源的特征(波长与功率)直接影响到释光测年数据的准确性,因此释光测年技术对照明光源的要求很严格。通过对比,选择了典型的红光固体二极管R LED1(661±15)nm作为研究对象。利用R LED1点阵对已知剂量的石英和钾长石样品进行不同时间的光照后,再用单片再生法恢复样品的等效剂量,发现样品的等效剂量与已知剂量差别不大,表明石英和钾长石经过不同时间的R LED1点阵光照后没有发生明显的信号衰减,对测年样品没有影响。因此,利用波长为(661±15)nm的红光固体二极管作为释光测年实验室的照明光源是安全可靠的。  相似文献