气候变暖对新疆乌昌地区棉花种植区划的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

普宗朝  张山清  宾建华  窦新英 《气候变化研究进展》2012,8(4):257-264

在对新疆乌昌地区1961-2010年≥10℃积温、最热月（7月）平均气温和无霜期等热量要素时空变化进行分析的基础上,结合北疆棉区区划指标,完成了2004年前、后乌昌地区棉花种植气候区划。并对未来年平均气温升高1～4℃时,棉花种植气候区划的可能变化进行了预估。结果表明：乌昌地区热量资源在空间分布上表现为“平原多,山区少”的格局。1961-2010年≥l0℃积温、最热月平均气温和无霜期分别以每10年52.3℃• d、0.1℃和3.3 d的速率增多（升高、延长）,并分别于1995年、2004年和1987年发生了突变。受其影响,2004年后乌昌地区宜棉区较之前明显扩大,次宜棉区、风险棉区和不宜棉区有不同程度的缩小。未来气候变暖将对乌昌地区棉花种植气候区划产生较大影响,年平均气温每升高1℃,宜棉区面积将扩大6600 km²,次宜棉区和不宜棉区分别缩小2100 km²和4700 km²,风险棉区面积变化不大。  相似文献   

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柯昌安  李正媛  窦玛丽  刘春  李晶 《大地测量与地球动力学》2012,32(4):41-45

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尼泊尔8.1级地震建筑物震害遥感提取与分析   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

王晓青  黄树松  丁香  崔丽萍  窦爱霞  李旖雯 《震灾防御技术》2015,10(3):481-490

2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生的8.1级地震,造成重大人员伤亡与经济损失。在地震前、后灾区高分遥感影像分析处理基础上,结合现场实地调查,对灾区房屋建筑及其震害程度进行了遥感解译,编制了地震灾区房屋建筑震害分布图。结果分析表明:尼泊尔地震灾区影像上显示的建筑物震害分布与该区域房屋结构类型、主余震位置和区域活动构造分布密切相关。其中,房屋较为严重倒塌区域主要分布在8.1级主震和7.5级余震震中附近,但这两个区域并没有相连;居民点建筑物个别倒塌的居民地则连成一个区域。影像上显示的建筑物倒塌区域,与多数8级巨大地震比较,总体上极震区震害偏轻,但在南南西(垂直于破裂方向)上展布较宽。这一特征与引发该地震的印度与欧亚大陆板块边缘活动断裂在深部呈近似于平行地表的低角度断层面破裂引起的地震动能量在地表相对较宽而低的分布特征是一致的。  相似文献   

A new method for the estimation of oceanic mixed-layer depth using shipboard X-band radar images     

吕海滨  何宜军  申辉  崔利民  窦长娥 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2010,28(5):962-967

Shipboard X-band radar images acquired on 24 June 2009 are used to study nonlinear internal wave characteristics in the northeastern South China Sea. The studied images show three nonlinear internal waves in a packet. A method based on the Radon Transform technique is introduced to calculate internal wave parameters such as the direction of propagation and internal wave velocity from backscatter images. Assuming that the ocean is a two-layer finite depth system, we can derive the mixed-layer depth by applying the internal wave velocity to the mixed-layer depth formula. Results show reasonably good agreement with in-situ thermistor chain and conductivity-temperature-depth data sets.  相似文献   

巨野煤田赵楼井田构造发育规律     

刘磊  姜波  窦新钊  孙璐伟 《中国煤炭地质》2009,(10):9-12

在野外地质和勘查资料分析的基础上,结合区域构造背景,论述了赵楼井田构造发育、组合及分布规律。研究表明：石炭-二叠纪成煤期后,多期性质、强度不同的构造作用相互叠加、改造,致使赵楼井田构造以断裂为主．褶皱发育次之。断裂构造主要有近NS、NW、NE及NNE向四组,其中以NE、NNE向为主,NW向断层组多为落差、延展长度都较小的断层。断裂以正断层为主,在剖面上主要表现为堑-垒构造组合,这种组合特征不仅使矿井构造更加复杂,而且使煤层的连续性受到破坏。井田东南部断层发育,断层叠加于早期的褶皱之上,破坏了褶皱的完整性．构成井田的构造复杂区。赵楼井田构造发育规律及成因机制的研究为今后矿井建设与生产提供了地质依据。  相似文献   

Relationship between the variation of water quality in rivers and the characteristics of watershed at Miyun,Beijing, China     

Xiaoyan Wang  Yang Ou  Peiqian Dou  Xiaoduo Fang 《中国地球化学学报》2009,28(1):112-118

Based on the characteristics of land use and drainage network of the upper watershed of the Miyun Res-ervoir, Beijing, 26 monitoring and sampling sites were selected in different sub-catchments. Temporal and spatial variations in nutrient loss were dealt with in this paper in terms of the monitoring data on the water quality of the main tributaries flowing into the Miyun Reservoir. In combination with the monitoring data on water quality, the impacts of watershed characteristics including land-use type, landscape pattern, and drainage density were assessed, The concentrations of nutrients in the rainy season are higher than those in other seasons, and the concentrations of NO3--N are linearly related to those of total N which is the main form of nitrogen present in the fiver water. The concentrations of nitrogen become higher toward the reservoir along the main rivers. The seasonal variation of ni-trogen in the watershed affected by intensive human activities is very obvious; in the watershed with steady or low water flow, the seasonal variation of nitrogen is less obvious. Forest land and grassland can trap and filter nitrogen effectively. Land-use pattern also has important impacts on the loss of nitrogen. The concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water bodies show great temporal and spatial variations. On a temporal scale, the concentrations of TN and TP in the rainy reason are higher than those in other seasons. On a spatial scale, the concentrations of TN and NO3--N in the Qingshui River and Chaohe River are highest all the time. The spatial variation of TP is distinct, being obvious at sampling sites near villages. The form of nitrogen and phosphorus loss varies in different hydrological seasons. Dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in streams in non-rainy seasons, the dissolved nitro-gen and total nitrogen decrease in percentage in the rainy season. Particulate nitrogen and phosphorus are the main forms in some rivers. The concentrations of TN and NO3--N from orchards and villages are high whereas those from forest land are lowest. Land-use pattern has impacts on TN and NO3--N losses, at the sampling sites near the source landscape, the concentrations are higher than those at the sampling sites near the sink landscape. Water quality of the rivers which flow into the Miyuan Reservior is influenced by the composition of adjacent soils.  相似文献   

Measurements of physical characteristics of summer snow cover on sea ice during the Third Chinese Arctic Expedition     

TingFeng Dou  CunDe Xiao 《寒旱区科学》2013,5(3):0309-0315

The spatial distribution of snow cover on the central Arctic sea ice is investigated here based on the observations made during the Third Chinese Arctic Expedition. Six types of snow were observed during the expedition: new/recent snow, melt-freeze crust, icy layer, depth hoar, coarse-grained, and chains of depth hoar. Across most measurement areas, the snow surface was covered by a melt-freeze crust 2-3 cm thick, which was produced by alternate strong solar radiation and the sharp temperature decrease over the summer Arctic Ocean. There was an intermittent layer of snow and ice at the base of the snow pack. The mean bulk density of the snow was 304.01±29.00 kg/m3 along the expedition line, and the surface values were generally smaller than those of the subsurface, confirming the principle of snow densification. In addition, the thicknesses and water equivalents of the new/recent and total-layer snow showed a decreasing trend with latitude, suggesting that the amount of snow cover and its spatial variations were mainly determined by precipitation. Snow temperature also presented significant variations in the vertical profile, and ablation and evaporation were not the primary factors in the snow assessment in late summer. The mean temperature of the surface snow was 2.01±0.96°C, which was much higher than that observed in theinterface of snow and sea ice.  相似文献   

Simulation and control of the linked systems of water quantity–water quality–socio-economics in the Huaihe River basin     

Ming Dou  Qiting Zuo  Junxia Ma  Guiqiu Li 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(4):763-774

Abstract

This work makes explicit an algebraic expression giving the matrix of transient influence coefficients associated with a one-dimensional semi-confined aquifer model. The domain studied is divided into a series of connected and completely mixed compartments over which the governing equation is discretized. The discrete equations obtained are solved for the compartmental hydraulic head and used to derive the algebraic expression in question. The basic properties of the so-called algebraic influence coefficients are investigated. In particular, their consistency with the exact Green function is highlighted. Finally, the newly derived influence coefficients are applied to a simplified aquifer system in order to formulate and solve the problem of identifying illegal groundwater pumping.  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地中部1区钻井优化设计研究     

窦玉玲  陈明  徐云龙 《探矿工程》2012,39(5):12-14

围绕钻井工程设计优化展开研究,论述了准噶尔盆地中部1区井身结构优化过程,提出了井身结构优化方案;建立了该区岩石可钻性剖面,结合钻头使用效果评价,推荐了钻头选型方案;介绍了该区钻井液体系优选及使用情况。形成了准噶尔盆地中部1区钻井设计优化方案,提出了后续研究方向。  相似文献   

２００２年海南一次非热带气旋暴雨成因分析     

吴春娃  赵付竹  王凡 《陕西气象》2011,(2):1-3

本文对2008年8月10日出现在北京首都机场的一次暴雨天气过程,从天气形势、物理量场、卫星产品、雷达资料等多方面进行了分析,结果表明,此次强降水发生在高空有利的环流背景下,锋面抬升、高低层温度差动平流、中层辐合、中低层风切变、中层暖干盖的存在以及副高的维持均为强降水的产生提供了有利条件。  相似文献