全文获取类型
收费全文 | 57篇 |
免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 3篇 |
大气科学 | 15篇 |
地球物理 | 14篇 |
地质学 | 19篇 |
海洋学 | 4篇 |
天文学 | 2篇 |
自然地理 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 1篇 |
2018年 | 4篇 |
2017年 | 4篇 |
2016年 | 3篇 |
2015年 | 2篇 |
2014年 | 2篇 |
2013年 | 4篇 |
2012年 | 4篇 |
2011年 | 2篇 |
2010年 | 1篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 2篇 |
2006年 | 2篇 |
2005年 | 1篇 |
2002年 | 2篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 1篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1931年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有59条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
21.
da Silveira Lucas Cardoso de Oliveira Amauri Pereira Sánchez Maciel Piñero Codato Georgia Ferreira Maurício Jonas Filho Edson Pereira Marques Božnar Marija Zlata Mlakar Primož 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2022,185(2):197-197
Boundary-Layer Meteorology - 相似文献
22.
23.
Alejandro Cifuentes-Lorenzen James B. Edson Christopher J. Zappa 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2018,169(3):461-482
We investigate the momentum and energy exchange across the wave boundary layer (WBL). Directly at the air–sea interface, we test three wave-growth parametrizations by comparing estimates of the wave-induced momentum flux derived from wave spectra with direct covariance estimates of the momentum flux. An exponential decay is used to describe the vertical structure of the wave-induced momentum in the atmospheric WBL through use of a decay rate, a function of the dimensionless decay rate and wavenumber (A?=?α k). The decay rate is varied to minimize the difference between the energy extracted from the WBL and the energy flux computed from wave spectra using our preferred wave-growth parametrization. For wave ages (i.e. the peak phase speed to atmospheric friction velocity ratio) in the range \( 15 < c_{p}/u_{*} < 35 \) we are able to balance these two estimates to within 10%. The decay rate is used to approximate the WBL height as the height to which the wave-induced flux is 0.1 of its surface value and the WBL height determined this way is found to be between 1–3 m. Finally, we define an effective phase speed with which to parametrize the energy flux for comparison with earlier work, which we ultimately attempt to parametrize as a function of wind forcing. 相似文献
24.
25.
Fanny Carter Edson 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1931,22(1):11-19
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
26.
Stochastic methods based on time-series modeling combined with geostatistics can be useful tools to describe the variability of water-table levels in time and space and to account for uncertainty. Monitoring water-level networks can give information about the dynamic of the aquifer domain in both dimensions. Time-series modeling is an elegant way to treat monitoring data without the complexity of physical mechanistic models. Time-series model predictions can be interpolated spatially, with the spatial differences in water-table dynamics determined by the spatial variation in the system properties and the temporal variation driven by the dynamics of the inputs into the system. An integration of stochastic methods is presented, based on time-series modeling and geostatistics as a framework to predict water levels for decision making in groundwater management and land-use planning. The methodology is applied in a case study in a Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) outcrop area located in the southeastern part of Brazil. Communication of results in a clear and understandable form, via simulated scenarios, is discussed as an alternative, when translating scientific knowledge into applications of stochastic hydrogeology in large aquifers with limited monitoring network coverage like the GAS. 相似文献
27.
ABSTRACTThe Guarani Aquifer System (GAS) is a subsurface reservoir that contains the largest volume of fresh groundwater in South America. Despite the relevance of the GAS, a lack of attention has been paid to land use effects on its recharge. We present the most detailed long-term (2004–2011) results of land-use effects on recharge in an outcrop area of the GAS. Water table fluctuations (WTFs) were measured at 11 monitoring wells, which are distributed between different land uses (i.e. eucalyptus, sugarcane, citrus and grassland). Recharge was estimated using a point-scale method (WTF) for each monitored well. The annual recharge estimates for different land uses are eucalyptus forest (135 mm year-1), sugarcane (248 mm year-1), citrus areas (296 mm year-1) and grassland (401 mm year-1). The results indicate that the evapotranspiration seems to be a key parameter in the assessment of recharge in the study area. 相似文献
28.
Orders of magnitude increase in soil erosion associated with land use change from native to cultivated vegetation in a Brazilian savannah environment 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《地球表面变化过程与地形》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
The Brazilian savanna (cerrado) is a large and important economic and environmental region that is experiencing significant loss of its natural landscapes due to pressures of food and energy production, which in turn has caused large increases in soil erosion. However the magnitude of the soil erosion increases in this region is not well understood, in part because scientific studies of surface runoff and soil erosion are scarce or nonexistent in the cerrado as well as in other savannahs of the world. To understand the effects of deforestation we assessed natural rainfall‐driven rates of runoff and soil erosion on an undisturbed tropical woodland classified as ‘cerrado sensu stricto denso’ and bare soil. Results were evaluated and quantified in the context of the cover and management factor (C‐factor) of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Replicated data on precipitation, runoff, and soil loss on plots (5 × 20 m) under undisturbed cerrado and bare soil were collected for 77 erosive storms that occurred over 3 years (2012 through 2014). C‐factor was computed annually using values of rainfall erosivity and soil loss rate. We found an average runoff coefficient of ~20% for the plots under bare soil and less than 1% under undisturbed cerrado. The mean annual soil losses in the plots under bare soil and cerrado were 12.4 t ha‐1 yr‐1 and 0.1 t ha‐1 yr‐1, respectively. The erosivity‐weighted C‐factor for the undisturbed cerrado was 0.013. Surface runoff, soil loss and C‐factor were greatest in the summer and fall. Our results suggest that shifts in land use from the native to cultivated vegetation result in orders of magnitude increases in soil loss rates. These results provide benchmark values that will be useful to evaluate past and future land use changes using soil erosion models and have significance for undisturbed savanna regions worldwide. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
29.
Gervásio Annes Degrazia Umberto Rizza Franciano Scremin Puhales Antônio Gledson Goulart Jonas Carvalho Guilherme Sausen Welter Edson Pereira Marques Filho 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2009,131(2):277-292
A variable vertical mesh spacing for large-eddy simulation (LES) models in a convective boundary layer (CBL) is proposed.
The argument is based on the fact that in the vertical direction the turbulence near the surface in a CBL is inhomogeneous
and therefore the subfilter-scale effects depend on the relative location between the spectral peak of the vertical velocity
and the filter cut-off wavelength. From the physical point of view, this lack of homogeneity makes the vertical mesh spacing
the principal length scale and, as a consequence, the LES filter cut-off wavenumber is expressed in terms of this characteristic
length scale. Assuming that the inertial subrange initial frequency is equal to the LES filter cut-off frequency and employing
fitting expressions that describe the observed convective turbulent energy one-dimensional spectra, it is feasible to derive
a relation to calculate the variable vertical mesh spacing. The incorporation of this variable vertical grid within a LES
model shows that both the mean quantities (and their gradients) and the turbulent statistics quantities are well described
near to the ground level, where the LES predictions are known to be a challenging task. 相似文献
30.
An area-differentiated model approach (MEPhos) for the quantification of mean annual P-inputs from point and diffuse sources
is presented. The following pathways are considered: artificial drainage, wash-off, groundwater outflow, soil erosion, rainwater
sewers, combined sewer overflows, municipal waste water treatment plants and industrial effluents. Two retention functions
for rivers and reservoirs are included in order to model P-sinks within a river basin. This allows a complete record of P-loads
in heterogeneous meso- and macroscale river basins and enables validation of modeling results with water quality data on a
load basis. The model is applied to the River Ruhr basin (4,485 km2) in Germany, which includes contrasting natural conditions, land use patterns as well as population and industry densities.
Based on validated modelling results sub-areas of high P-loads are localized and management options for the reduction of P-inputs
to surface waters are proposed taking into account the site conditions of the sub-areas relevant for high P-inputs into surface
waters. 相似文献