In situ cyclic tests on existing stone masonry walls and strengthening solutions     

Alexandre A. Costa  António Arêde  Aníbal Costa  Carlos Sousa Oliveira 《地震工程与结构动力学》2011,40(4):449-471

The present work reports on an in situ experimental test campaign carried out on abandoned traditional masonry houses after the 9th July 1998 earthquake that seriously hit the Faial island of Azores. For the testing purposes, an experimental test setup was developed based on a self‐equilibrated scheme, which is herein described reporting on the advantages and drawbacks of this in situ test setup. Five specimens were tested aiming at characterizing the out‐of‐plane behavior of stone masonry walls and strengthening solutions recommended for post‐earthquake interventions. A detailed comparison between solutions' efficiency is presented including a cost vs benefit analysis. In order to assess the efficiency of the developed test setup for other applications on stone masonry walls, an in‐plane test on an existing URM panel is also presented. Several related issues are discussed, namely the advantages of dealing with the real boundary conditions and the capacity of providing valuable information of the response, as well as a detailed analysis of the obtained results. The authors believe that this work provides an increase in knowledge on the seismic behavior of the existing masonry constructions, resulting from the development of an in situ test setup and the efficiency quantification of strengthening solutions. Therefore, the work is thought to positively contribute for the preservation of architectural heritage and for its seismic vulnerability reduction. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

The 3:1 mean motion resonance between Miranda and the inner Uranian satellites,Cressida and Desdemona     

Emilie Verheylewegen  Anne Lemaitre 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2014,119(3-4):283-299

We build a simple dissipative analytical model considering an averaged restricted 3-body problem taking into account the effect of the oblateness of a planet on a small satellite and on its perturber. We apply this model to the inner Uranian system and we follow the dynamical evolution of the satellites Cressida or Desdemona, these latter being close to a 3:1 commensurability with the large satellite Miranda. Our analysis shows that the positions of the two inner satellites, on both sides of the exact resonance, are temporary, Cressida having already crossed the resonance, and Desdemona approaching the commensurability to jump over later on.  相似文献   

The two-body interaction potential in the STF tensor formalism: an application to binary asteroids     

A. Compère  A. Lemaître 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2014,119(3-4):313-330

The symmetric trace free (STF) tensor formalism, developed by Hartmann et al. (Celest Mech Dyn Astron 60:139–159. doi:10.1007/BF00693097, 1994), is a nice tool, not much used in Celestial Mechanics. It is fully equivalent to the usual spherical harmonics but permits more elegant and compact formulations. The coupling between the gravitational fields of extended bodies with this formalism has been used in Mathis and Le Poncin-Lafitte (Astron Astrophys 497:889–910. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/20079054, 2009) for binary stars or planetary systems, but not yet applied to binary asteroids. However, binary asteroids are common in the Solar System and usually their study requires a full two rigid body approach. The formulation of the two-body interaction potential in the STF formalism in the full two rigid body problem is detailed and completed in this article. An application to the binary asteroid (66391) 1999 KW4 is presented with a comparison of our results with other results of the literature for validation.  相似文献   

The VLTI – A Status Report     

A. Glindemann  J. Algomedo  R. Amestica  P. Ballester  B. Bauvir  E. Bugueño  S. Correia  F. Delgado  F. Delplancke  F. Derie  Ph. Duhoux  E. di Folco  A. Gennai  B. Gilli  P. Giordano  Ph. Gitton  S. Guisard  N. Housen  A. Huxley  P. Kervella  M. Kiekebusch  B. Koehler  S. Lévêque  A. Longinotti  S. Ménardi  S. Morel  F. Paresce  T. Phan Duc  A. Richichi  M. Schöller  M. Tarenghi  A. Wallander  M. Wittkowski  R. Wilhelm 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2003,286(1-2):35-44

The Very Large Telescope (VLT) Observatory on Cerro Paranal (2635 m) in Northern Chile is approaching completion. After the four 8-m Unit Telescopes (UT) individually saw first light in the last years, two of them were combined for the first time on October 30, 2001 to form a stellar interferometer, the VLT Interferometer. The combination in pairs of all four UTs was completed in September 2002. In this article, we will describe the subsystems of the VLTI and the planning for the following years. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

A mechanism of formation for the Kirkwood gaps     

Jacques Henrard  Anne Lemaître 《Icarus》1983,55(3):482-494

In this paper an analytical model describing the effect of a displacement of the Jovian resonances in the asteroid belt is analyzed. It is found that small displacement can transform a truncated uniform density distribution of asteroids into a gap. As a possible explanation for the displacement, the effect of the removal of an accretion disk in the early stage of the solar system is investigated. It is found that removal of a disk containing a few percent of the solar mass between the orbit of the asteroids and the orbit of Jupiter is sufficient to account for the observed Hecuba gap.  相似文献   

Free rocking response of a regular stone masonry wall with equivalent block approach: experimental and analytical evaluation     

Alexandre A. Costa  António Arêde  Aníbal Costa 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(15):2297-2319

The evaluation of the dynamic behaviour of rocking elements is directly correlated to the energy dissipated because of the impacts at the base interface, which can be represented by means of a coefficient of restitution. This schematization is commonly accepted as representative of the out‐of‐plane response of stone masonry walls. An experimental campaign (in a lab environment) aiming at assessing the value of this coefficient for a sacco granite masonry wall is presented in this work. The rocking motion at a predefined bed joint level was induced in the tested specimens in order to validate a novel test setup designed to assess the coefficient of restitution value by means of a realistic reproduction of the rocking behaviour of a single element, under the hypothesis of an infinitely stiff system above the bed joint level. As the main objective of the work was to assess the rocking behaviour of a masonry wall that looses energy at the impacts at a certain joint level, the flexural behaviour was not desirable and had to be avoided. For this purpose, a test setup based on the equivalent block approach was developed. In the final section of this work, comparisons between experimental and numerical results are presented together with some preliminary conclusions on the appropriate modelling strategy and the values of the coefficient of restitution to be used for the seismic assessment of the out‐of‐plane rocking behaviour of this type of sacco stone masonry walls. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Research on geographical education     

Jan Ketil Rød  Per Jarle Sætre  Michael Jones 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2013,67(3):117-119

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Silver and lead in high-altitude lake sediments: Proxies for climate changes and human activities     

Marion Garçon  Catherine Chauvel  Emmanuel Chapron  Xavier Faïn  Mingfang Lin  Sylvain Campillo  Sarah Bureau  Marc Desmet  Marie-Christine Bailly-Maître  Laurent Charlet 《Applied Geochemistry》2012

High-altitude lake sediments are often used as archives for environmental changes and their chemical and isotopic compositions provide significant constraints on natural and anthropogenic long-term changes that have occurred in their catchment area. Here, trace-element concentrations and Pb isotopes are presented for two sedimentary cores from Lake Blanc Huez in the French Alps, to trace the impact of climate changes and human activities over the Holocene. Lead and Ag contents are very high and clearly dominated by input from a Pb–Ag vein located a few meters from the lakeshore, a vein that also buffers the Pb isotopes. Mining of this vein in medieval times is recorded in the corresponding lake sediments with high Ag content coupled with high Pb/U ratio. These chemical characteristics can be used to constrain the major Holocene climate changes. Significant advances of glaciers next to the lake produced sediments with Ag and Pb concentration peaks and high Pb/U ratios due to accelerated erosion of the Pb–Ag vein, similar to the effects of the medieval mining. In contrast, reduced glacier activity led to the formation of organic-rich sediments with high U and As contents and low Pb/U ratios. More generally, the observed combination of chemical changes could be used elsewhere to decipher environmental changes over long periods of time.  相似文献   

高砷含水层沉积物矿物学特征及砷的活化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

黄爽兵  Emilie Even  王焰新 《矿物岩石》2012,32(4)

利用X射线衍射和X射线荧光分析、沉积物序列提取试验及矿物饱和度的计算,对采自江汉平原中部沙湖地区典型高砷含水层钻孔沉积物样品矿物学进行了分析,并讨论了控制含水层中砷释放和迁移的地球化学机制.对矿物在沉积物与土壤中的分布及组成的对比分析,在一定程度上指示了矿物赋存环境和/或高砷水形成的环境背景:土壤与沉积物中高岭石以低于其他3种粘土矿物的含量普遍存在,指示了含水层沉积物形成过程江汉平原存在一定的湿热古气候环境;沉积物绿泥石含量低于土壤中绿泥石,恰恰反映了土壤比沉积物略强的碱性环境;沉积物中黄铁矿的存在,显示了含水层局部的强还原性环境,指示地下水中广泛存在的Fe2+容易与二价硫发生沉淀并结合砷.砷主要以无定形铁锰氧化物结合态(平均在31％以上)形式存在,其次以碳酸盐和有机质结合态存在.无定形铁锰氧化物的还原溶解可能是控制砷迁移到地下水中主要的地球化学机制.相对高含量的绿泥石容易在含水层中发生风化,其溶解过程可以将铁释放到地下水中,从而成为影响地下水中砷活化的潜在因素.  相似文献   

Seismic analysis and strengthening of Pico Island Churches     

António Arêde  Aníbal Costa  Domingos Moreira  Nuno Neves 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2012,10(1):181-209

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