Evidence of NW extension of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in the Marmara Sea: a new interpretation of the Marmara Sea (İzmit) earthquake on 17 August 1999     

Erkan Gökaşan  Cem Gazioğlu  Bedri Alpar  Zeki Yücel  Şükrü Ersoy  Oğuz Gündoğdu  Cenk Yaltırak  Buser Tok 《Geo-Marine Letters》2001,21(4):183-199

Active faults aligning in NW–SE direction and forming flower structures of strike-slip faults were observed in shallow seismic data from the shelf offshore of Avc?lar in the northern Marmara Sea. By following the parallel drainage pattern and scarps, these faults were traced as NW–SE-directed lineaments in the morphology of the northern onshore sector of the Marmara Sea (eastern Thrace Peninsula). Right-lateral displacements in two watersheds of drainage and on the coast of the Marmara Sea and Black Sea are associated with these lineaments. This right-lateral displacement along the course of these faults suggests a new, active strike-slip fault zone located at the NW extension of the northern boundary fault of the Ç?narc?k Basin in the Marmara Sea. This new fault zone is interpreted as the NW extension of the northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ), extending from the Ç?narc?k Basin of the Marmara Sea to the Black Sea coast of the Thrace Peninsula, and passing through B üy ük çekmece and K ü ç ük çekmece lagoons. These data suggest that the rupture of the 17 August 1999 earthquake in the NAFZ may have extended through Avc?lar. Indeed, Avc?lar and ?zmit, both located on the Marmara Sea coast along the rupture route, were strongly struck by the earthquake whereas the settlements between Avc?lar and ?zmit were much less affected. Therefore, this interpretation can explain the extraordinary damage in Avc?lar, based on the newly discovered rupture of the NAFZ in the Marmara Sea. However, this suggestion needs to be confirmed by further seismological studies.  相似文献   

Long-Term Photometry of RT Lacertae: 1. Light and Colour Variation     

C. Íbanoğlu  E.R. Pekünlü  V. KESKÍn  Z. Tunca  S. Evren  M.C. Akan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1997,257(1):11-21

The peculiar chromospherically active binary system RT Lac was observed in B and V bands between 1989 and 1992. The four-year photoelectric B and V light curves are presented. The light and colour variations in the four special regions of the light curve between 1978 and 1992 are discussed. The available photometry obtained by the present authors defines at least three consecutive maxima in the variation of the brightness of the system at second maximum and in mid-primary eclipse. The behaviour of the light and colour changes in mid-primary and at second maximum harmonizes with the common property of the RS CVn-type binaries. However, the light changes at first maximum do not resemble either at second maximum or in mid-primary minimum. Therefore, we conclude that the observed features cannot be attributed to the spottedness of the more massive component alone. The signs of the starspots are masked by the matter in front of the more massive component at the first maximum. The present data indicate that the magnetic cycle in RT Lac is about 12 years, which is analogous to the Sun's 11-year sunspot cycle.  相似文献   

Neural network and wavelet conjunction model for modelling monthly level fluctuations in Turkey     

Özgür Kişi 《水文研究》2009,23(14):2081-2092

This paper proposes the application of a conjunction model (neuro‐wavelet) for forecasting monthly lake levels. The neuro‐wavelet (NW) conjunction model is improved combining two methods, discrete wavelet transform and artificial neural networks. The application of the methodology is presented for the Lake Van, which is the biggest lake in Turkey, and Lake Egirdir. The accuracy of the NW model is investigated for 1‐ and 6‐month‐ahead lake level forecasting. The root mean square errors, mean absolute relative errors and determination coefficient statistics are used for evaluating the accuracy of NW models. The results of the proposed models are compared with those of the neural networks. In the 1‐month‐ahead lake level forecasting, the NW conjunction model reduced the root mean square errors and mean absolute relative errors by 87–34% and 86–31% for the Van and Egirdir lakes, respectively. In the 6‐month‐ahead lake level forecasting, the NW conjunction model reduced the root mean square errors and mean absolute relative errors by 34–48% and 30‐46% for the Van and Egirdir lakes, respectively. The comparison results indicate that the suggested model could significantly increase the short‐ and long‐term forecast accuracy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Anomalous X-ray pulsars: persistent states with fallback disks     

Ü. Ertan  M. A. Alpar  M. H. Erkut  K. Y. Ekşi  Ş. Çalışkan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,308(1-4):73-77

The anomalous X-ray pulsar 4U 0142+61 was recently detected in the mid infrared bands with the SPITZER Observatory (Wang, Chakrabarty and Kaplan: Nature 440, 772 (2006)). This observation is the first instance for a disk around an AXP. From a reanalysis of optical and infrared data, we show that the observations indicate that the disk is likely to be an active disk rather than a passive dust disk beyond the light cylinder, as proposed in the discovering paper. Furthermore, we show that the irradiated accretion disk model can also account for all the optical and infrared observations of the anomalous X-ray pulsars in the persistent state.  相似文献   

The H N method for Milne problem with polarization     

M. Karahasanoğlu Şenyığıt  A. Kaşkaş 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2007,310(1-2):85-91

The H _N method, employed for studies in neutron transport theory, is used to establish numerical results basic to the vector equation describing the transfer of polarized light in a Rayleigh scattering atmosphere with true absorption. The method has been applied to the classical Milne problem. The exit distribution is defined as a series in powers of the zenith observation angle. The numerical results are computed and compared with exact values obtained using the exit distribution in terms of the H-matrix. The numerical results are in good agreement with previously published findings.  相似文献   

Resonant interaction of an electrostatic wave with electrons in a current sheet     

Einar Gjøen 《Planetary and Space Science》1972

A one-dimensional model of a current-sheet with a static electric potential is considered. Free electrons and protons move in opposite directions under the influence of the potential and we seek a solution for the potential in a bounded region in space (over the sheet width). The general solution is found to be plasma oscillations. Then introducing a short wavelength, monochromatic wave as a perturbation, it is shown by the method of stationary phase that electrons in resonance give a growth- (damping-) rate similar to the Landau formula. There is the possibility, however, that the wave can both grow and damp in different regions when traversing the sheet as it will sample electrons from various parts of the zero-order distribution function.  相似文献   

Study of a triple emission nebula in Orion     

Paris Pişmiş  Ilse Hasse 《Astrophysics and Space Science》1976,45(1):79-85

The Hii regions S254, 255 and 257 in the constellation of Orion are close together on the sky and appear like a triple object. Fabry-Pérot radial velocities of the Hii regions as well asUBV photo-electric magnitudes of their exciting stars are obtained. The data show that (1) all three nebulae are at a distance of 2.5 kpc; (2) an excess extinction is observed in S255 and S257 while S254 shows no excess extinction; (3) S255, identified as an IR and a molecular source, is the youngest object of the group. It is concluded that the three Hii regions are at different evolutionary stages.  相似文献   

A new spatial prediction model and its application to wind records     

A. D. Şahin  Z. Şen 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2004,79(1-2):45-54

Summary Contour maps of any meteorological variable cannot give radius or area of influences around the measurement station by considering the records at surrounding sites. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a trigonometric point cumulative semivariogram (TPCSV) concept for deciding on a spatial dependence function and then its use for regional prediction. The TPCSV provides a unique opportunity for the establishment of a regional objective prediction method whereby the radius of influence helps to predict wind velocity at any site by using the weighted averages. The spatial correlations and weightings are obtained through the TPCSV provided that the distance between two sites is known. If the slope of TPCSV is greater than 80° after some distance, then beyond this distance the regional correlation is considered as negligible. The implementation of the proposed methodology is presented for 68 wind velocity measurement stations in Turkey. The proposed method yields the least prediction error compared with other objective methodologies. It is seen that areas of influence at Central Anatolia are generally bigger than coastal areas of Turkey.  相似文献   

Features of clay minerals in the YSDP102 core on the continental shelf of the southeast Yellow Sea     

JIANGXuejun QUGaosheng LIShaoquan 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(2):201-207

Ninety-eight clay mineral samples from the YSDP102 core were analyzed by x-ray diffractometer to study the four clay minerals: illite, chlorite, kaolinite and smectite. Twenty-eight samples had been analyzed on the laser particle-siz eanalyzer to reveal the particle features of the sediments. Distribution of the clay minerals and the particle characteristics in the YSDP102 core show that the core experienced three different depositional periods and formed three different sedimentary intervals due to different sediment sources and different depositional environments. Features of the clay minerals and the heavy minerals in the YSDP102 core indicate that coarse-grained sediments and fine-grained sediments result from different sources. The Yellow Sea Warm Current has greatly influenced the sedimentary framework of this region since the current‘s formation.  相似文献   

Changes in biodiversity of the extremely polluted Golden Horn Estuary following the improvements in water quality     

Yüksek A  Okuş E  Yilmaz IN  Aslan-Yilmaz A  Taş S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(10):1209-1218

Long-term biological data supported by physicochemical parameters were evaluated to investigate the biodiversity of the Golden Horn Estuary from the past to the present. Limited observations dating back to 60 years ago indicated the existence of a diverse community in this small estuary. Unfortunately, in parallel with the increase in unplanned settlements and industry around the Golden Horn, pollution stress increased since the 1960s. Preliminary studies in the 1990s indicated survival of only a couple of pollution-resistant species, in the relatively cleaner lower estuary. Following the intensification of rehabilitation studies in 1998 and particularly after the opening of the floating bridge at the mid estuary; a remarkable day-by-day recovery in marine life has begun with the improving water quality. Nutrient concentrations decreased markedly; while water clarity significantly increased. Fecal coliform values decreased 10(3) fold. Phytoplankton composition changed and dense blooms of eukaryotic phytoplankters frequently occurred. Hydrogen sulfide almost completely disappeared even during the warmest periods of the year and dissolved oxygen concentrations increased. All results clearly depicted that the Golden Horn ecosystem shifted to eutrophic conditions from an anoxic environment. SCUBA dives in 2002, documented the level of diversification of life in the Golden Horn. All appropriate substratums were intensely covered by macrobenthic forms until the Halic Bridge and filter feeders dominated the plankton-rich ecosystem. Achieving the diversity of 1940s is not possible since the Black and Marmara seas, influencing water quality of the Golden Horn, are also suffering from anthropogenic impacts and are far less diverse than their rich diversity in 1940s. However, the Golden Horn is a good example that even the most polluted ecosystems can recover when appropriate measures are taken.  相似文献