基于适宜性和安全性评价的干旱区绿洲后备耕地资源开发——以渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为例   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

李晓东  塔西甫拉提·特依拜  范卓斌  范丽丽  谢霞  李偲 《地理研究》2016,35(1):163-172

选择典型干旱区渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲为研究区,基于遥感、地理信息系统技术和相关应用软件,在详实的野外实测数据、土地利用数据和遥感数据支持下,应用空间插值、叠置分析、逐步回归、神经网络、层次分析等方法,建立评价模型,进行自然、生态、土地利用和综合适宜性评价,相应确定后备耕地资源开发的适宜性等级、适宜度及其分布;提取三期遥感影像信息并进行分类,根据后备耕地资源利用/覆被类型的特征,构建后备耕地资源开发的安全性指数计算模型,加入水源保证条件限制,构建综合安全性评价模型,进行后备耕地资源开发综合安全性的时空分析;基于适宜性与安全性评价,进行叠置分析、综合性分级。研究表明：后备耕地资源开发综合性等级的区域分布呈现环状特征,适合后备耕地资源开发的区域面积与禁止开发的区域面积数量相差十倍。最后提出后备耕地资源开发的举措建议。  相似文献   

钢箱梁典型病害分析及其检测与维护技术研究   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

姜竹生  瞿涛  吕磊  吉伯海 《地震学刊》2011,(5):572-577

基于对我国钢箱梁桥的钢箱梁病害调查,总结出我国钢箱梁典型病害的类型,分析各种钢箱梁典型病害产生的机理及导致其破坏的原因,提出了钢箱梁病害的日常检测与维护技术。针对钢箱梁的涂装劣化、钢材腐蚀、结构性损伤等病害,给出了日常检测与维护的主要项目,介绍了人工目视检测、超声波检测、磁粉检测及涡流检测等主要的检测方法的工作原理、优缺点和适用范围。  相似文献   

东天山准噶尔-哈萨克斯坦板块与塔里木板块缝合线的再厘定及其意义          下载免费PDF全文

木合塔尔·扎日张晓帆  吴兆宁吴昌志 陈川 《地学前缘》2009,16(3):138-148

摘要：文中以板块构造理论为指导思想,以大量地质、物探、化探、遥感资料为依据,在全面分析前人对东天山造山带板块缝合线的认识基础上,重新厘定研究区准噶尔-哈萨克斯坦板块与塔里木板块缝合带的位置。经研究确定：东天山造山带康古尔塔格和阿齐克库都克两条断裂之间所夹持的区域,为准噶尔-哈萨克斯坦板块和塔里木板块陆 陆碰撞的缝合带,即康古尔塔格-阿齐克库都克碰撞缝合带。该碰撞缝合带既有板块边界划分意义,又有实体物质组成和特定结构、构造及其演化历史的独立构造单元,也是东天山地区重要的多金属成矿带,故该带对东天山造山带Cu、Ni、Au、Ag等多金属矿产的形成和空间分布起着重要的控制作用。  相似文献   

2014年新疆于田Ms7．3地震房屋震害分析     

孙静  伊力亚尔·阿不力孜  谭明  常想德  姚远  陈建波 《内陆地震》2014,(2):113-120

对于田2014年2月12日Ms7．3地震灾区各类房屋破坏现象进行了调查和整理,从房屋破坏、场地条件和房屋结构类型等几方面分析不同类型房屋的震害特征和震害原因,总结这次地震房屋的震害经验,提出今后抗震设防工作的几点建议。  相似文献   

A Field Experiment on Dust Emission by Wind Erosion in the Taklimakan Desert   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

YANG Xinghu  HE Qing  ALI Mamtimin  HUO Wen  LIU Xinchun  STRAKE Miriam 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2012,26(2):241-249

Dust emission by wind erosion in surface is a serious problem in many arid regions around the world,and it is harmful to the ecological environment,human health,and social economy.To monitor the characteristics of saltation activity and to calculate the threshold wind velocity and sediment discharge under field conditions have significance on the research of dust emission by wind erosion.Therefore,a field experiment was conducted over the flat sand in the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert.One sampling system was installed on the flat sand surface at Tazhong,consisting of a meteorological tower with a height of 2 m,a piezoelectric saltation sensor(Sensit),and a Big Spring Number Eight(BSNE) sampler station.Occurrence of saltation activity was recorded every second using the Sensit.Each BSNE station consisted of five BSNE samplers with the lowest sampler at 0.05 m and the highest sampler at 1.0 m above the soil surface.Sediment was collected from the samplers every 24 h.It is found that saltation activity was detected for only 21.5% of the hours measured,and the longest period of saltation activity occurring continuously was not longer than 5 min under the field conditions.The threshold wind velocity was variable,its minimum value was 4.9 m s 1,the maximum value was 9.2 m s 1,and the average value was 7.0 m s 1.The threshold wind velocity presented a positive linear increase during the measurement period.The observation site had a sediment discharge of 82.1 kg m 1 over a period of 24 h.Based on hourly saltation counts,hourly sediment discharge was estimated.Overall,there was no obvious linear or other functional relationship between the hourly sediment discharge and wind velocity.The results show that the changes of sediment discharge do not quite depend on wind velocity.  相似文献   

Weichselian and Holocene palaeoenvironmental history of the Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island, New Siberian Archipelago, Arctic Siberia     

ANDREI A. ANDREEV  GUIDO GROSSE  LUTZ SCHIRRMEISTER  TATIANA V. KUZNETSOVA  SVETLANA A. KUZMINA  ANATOLY A. BOBROV  PAVEL E. TARASOV  ELENA Y. NOVENKO  HANNO MEYER  ALEKSANDR Y. DEREVYAGIN  FRANK KIENAST  ANNA BRYANTSEVA  VIKTOR V. KUNITSKY 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2009,38(1):72-110

Cryolithological, ground ice and fossil bioindicator (pollen, diatoms, plant macrofossils, rhizopods, insects, mammal bones) records from Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island permafrost sequences (73°20′N, 141°30′E) document the environmental history in the region for the past c. 115 kyr. Vegetation similar to modern subarctic tundra communities prevailed during the Eemian/Early Weichselian transition with a climate warmer than the present. Sparse tundra‐like vegetation and harsher climate conditions were predominant during the Early Weichselian. The Middle Weichselian deposits contain peat and peaty soil horizons with bioindicators documenting climate amelioration. Although dwarf willows grew in more protected places, tundra and steppe vegetation prevailed. Climate conditions became colder and drier c. 30 kyr BP. No sediments dated between c. 28.5 and 12.05 ¹⁴C kyr BP were found, which may reflect active erosion during that time. Herb and shrubby vegetation were predominant 11.6–11.3 ¹⁴C kyr BP. Summer temperatures were c. 4 °C higher than today. Typical arctic environments prevailed around 10.5 ¹⁴C kyr BP. Shrub alder and dwarf birch tundra were predominant between c. 9 and 7.6 kyr BP. Reconstructed summer temperatures were at least 4 °C higher than present. However, insect remains reflect that steppe‐like habitats existed until c. 8 kyr BP. After 7.6 kyr BP, shrubs gradually disappeared and the vegetation cover became similar to that of modern tundra. Pollen and beetles indicate a severe arctic environment c. 3.7 kyr BP. However, Betula nana, absent on the island today, was still present. Together with our previous study on Bol'shoy Lyakhovsky Island covering the period between about 200 and 115 kyr, a comprehensive terrestrial palaeoenvironmental data set from this area in western Beringia is now available for the past two glacial–interglacial cycles.  相似文献   

渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水盐化特征及成因分析     

满苏尔·沙比提  吐尔洪·依明 《水文》2009,29(6)

在综合分析大量实测资料和参考资料的基础上,阐明了渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水不同埋深的分布面积、盐化特征、化学类型、补排量、含盐量的时空变化及成因.结果显示:(1)在绿洲平原区,地下水埋深3～6m范围最大,占总面积的39.68%;在灌区地下水埋深1～3m范围最大,占53.03%.在绿洲平原区,地下水矿化度小于1g/L范围最大,占总面积的91.98%;在灌区地下水矿化度小于1g/L的范围最大,占94.81%.从pH值来看,pH值7.5～8.0范围之间的面积最大,占总面积的90.25%.(2)冲积洪积扇北部属于淡水带,水化学类型为HCO_3-Cl-SO_4-Ca-Na;冲积洪积扇中部属于上成下淡水带,水化学类型为SO_4-Cl-Na-Mg;冲积洪积扇南部属于上成下淡水带,水化学类型为Cl-SO_4-Na-Mg.从水质上看,Ⅲ级地下水分布面积最大,占总面积的84.77%,其地下水资源量占61.89%.(3)地下水含盐量在时间尺度上,波动较大,1997、2000、2001年含盐量较高,均为3.7g/L以上,而1998、1999、2006年较低,为3.4g/L左右;在空间尺度上,研究区东部的地下水含盐量高于西部,南部高于北部,东南部高于西北部.(4)可溶性矿物的溶解、地下水水位抬升、强烈的蒸发、降水量的稀少、农业灌溉、化肥的使用是渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲地下水含盐的主要原因.  相似文献   

Environmental history of southern Patagonia unravelled by the seismic stratigraphy of Laguna Potrok Aike     

FLAVIO S. ANSELMETTI  DANIEL ARIZTEGUI†  MARC DE BATIST‡  A. CATALINA GEBHARDT§  TORSTEN HABERZETTL¶  FRANK NIESSEN§  CHRISTIAN OHLENDORF  BERND ZOLITSCHKA 《Sedimentology》2009,56(4):873-892

Laguna Potrok Aike, located in southernmost Patagonia (Argentina, 52°S) is a 100 m deep hydrologically closed lake that probably provides the only continental southern Patagonian archive covering a long and continuous interval of several glacial to interglacial cycles. In the context of the planned ‘International Continental Scientific Drilling Program’ initiative ‘Potrok Aike Maar Lake Sediment Archive Drilling Project’, several seismic site surveys that characterize in detail the sedimentary subsurface of the lake have been undertaken. Long sediment cores recovered the material to date and calibrate these seismic data. Laguna Potrok Aike is rimmed steeply, circular in shape with a diameter of ∼3·5 km and is surrounded by a series of subaerial palaeoshorelines, reflecting varying lake-level highstands and lowstands. Seismic data indicate a basinwide erosional unconformity that occurs consistently on the shoulder of the lake down to a depth of −33 m (below 2003 ad lake level), marking the lowest lake level during Late Glacial to Holocene times. Cores that penetrate this unconformity comprise Marine Isotope Stage 3-dated sediments (45 kyr bp ) ∼3·5 m below, and post-6800 cal yr bp transgressional sediments above the unconformity. This Middle Holocene transgression following an unprecedented lake-level lowstand marks the onset of a stepwise change in moisture, as shown by a series of up to 11 buried palaeoshorelines that were formed during lake-level stillstands at depths between −30 and −12 m. Two series of regressive shorelines between ∼5800 to 5400 and ∼4700 to 4000 cal yr bp interrupt the overall transgressional trend. In the basin, mound-like drift sediments occur after ∼6000 cal yr bp, documenting the onset of lake currents triggered by a latitudinal shift or an increase in wind intensity of the Southern Hemispheric Westerlies over Laguna Potrok Aike at that time. Furthermore, several well-defined lateral slides can be recognized. The majority of these slides occurred during the mid-Holocene lake-level lowering when the slopes became rapidly sediment-charged because of erosion from the exposed shoulder sediments. Around 7800 and 4900 cal yr bp , several slides went down simultaneously, probably triggered by seismic shaking.  相似文献   

Late Quaternary mass movement events in Lake El′gygytgyn,North‐eastern Siberia     

OLAF JUSCHUS  MARTIN MELLES  A. CATALINA GEBHARDT  FRANK NIESSEN 《Sedimentology》2009,56(7):2155-2174

Lake El′gygytgyn is situated in a 3·6 Myr old impact crater in North‐eastern Siberia. Its sedimentary record probably represents the most complete archive of Pliocene and Quaternary climate change in the terrestrial Arctic. In order to investigate the influence of gravitational sediment transport on the pelagic sediment record in the lake centre, two sediment cores were recovered from the lower western lake slope. The cores penetrate a sub‐recent mass movement deposit that was identified by 3·5 kHz echo sounding. In the proximal part of this deposit, deformed sediments reflect an initial debris flow characterized by limited sediment mixture. Above and in front of the debrite, a wide massive densite indicates a second stage with a liquefied dense flow. The mass movement event led to basal erosion of ca 1 m thick unconsolidated sediments along parts of its flow path. The event produced a suspension cloud, whose deposition led to the formation of a turbidite. The occurrence of the turbidite throughout the lake and the limited erosion at its base mainly suggest deposition by ‘pelagic rain’ following Stokes’ Law. Very similar radiocarbon dates obtained in the sediments directly beneath and above the turbidite in the central lake confirm this interpretation. When applying the depositional model for the Late Quaternary sediment record of Lake El′gygytgyn, the recovered turbidites allow reconstruction of the frequency and temporal distribution of large mass movement events at the lake slopes. In total, 28 turbidites and related deposits were identified in two, 12·9 and 16·6 m long, sediment cores from the central lake area covering approximately 300 kyr.  相似文献   

Links between bulk sediment particle size and magnetic grain‐size: general observations and implications for Chinese loess studies     

FRANK OLDFIELD  QINGZHEN HAO  JAN BLOEMENDAL  ZOË GIBBS‐EGGAR  SHIVA PATIL  ZHENGTANG GUO 《Sedimentology》2009,56(7):2091-2106

Using a combination of particle size analysis, magnetic measurements, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging, this study shows that in a wide range of depositional environments, there is a strong link between particle size classes and magnetic response, especially below the upper limit of stable single domain magnetic behaviour. Ferrimagnetic grain assemblages dominated by stable single domain magnetosomes regularly have peak susceptibility and remanence values in coarser grades than do those containing finer‐grained, viscous and superparamagnetic secondary magnetic minerals formed during pedogenesis. This effect is despite the fact that there is a one to two orders of magnitude size difference between the particle size boundaries (at 1 or 2 μm) and key domain state transitions (mostly below 0·05 μm). The implications of these results are explored using samples spanning 22 Myr of loess accumulation on the Chinese Loess Plateau. The results from the loess sections, complemented by data from low‐temperature magnetic experiments, show that there are subtle distinctions in mean ferrimagnetic grain‐size between the Pleistocene and Miocene parts of the record, thus allowing more refined rock magnetic interpretations of the fine‐grained ferrimagnetic mineral assemblages arising from the effects of weathering, pedogenesis and possibly diagenesis in the sections studied.  相似文献