Agn Jet Modeling: Setting the Stage     

Attilio Ferrari 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,293(1-2):15-26

I review the most recent results obtained in numerical simulations of jets from accretion disks, with specific reference to the phases of acceleration, propagation and termination. The approximations adopted, both in the physics and the numerical methods, are pointed out and possible developments are suggested.  相似文献   

An improved lunar moment of inertia determination: a proposed strategy     

Mohan P. Ananda  Alfred J. Ferrari  William L. Sjogren 《Earth, Moon, and Planets》1977,17(1):101-120

The current error of 0.0025 on the lunar homogeneity parameterI/MR ² is dominated by the uncertainties in theC ₂₀ andC ₂₂ gravity harmonics. This error level is equivalent to a 4.20 gm cm^–3 density uncertainty for a lunar interior model having a core 300 km in radius. Covariance analyses are performed using Doppler data from the relay satellite of the proposed Lunar Polar Orbiter mission to determine an optimum reduction strategy which obtains an order of magnitude improvement in the gravity estimates. Error studies show the long-arc reduction method obtains results which are an order of magnitude more accurate than the short-arc technique. The nominal 4000 km circular orbit of the relay satellite is very sensitive to the unmodeled effects of gravity harmonics of degree 5 through 9. Results from this orbital geometry indicate that it may not be possible to achieve the desired order of magnitude accuracy improvement. A modified orbit having the identical orbital conditions as the nominal one, but with a larger semi-major axis of 7000 km is studied. Results show the desired order of magnitude improvement can be achieved when a complete fourth degree and order model and some fifth and sixth degree terms are estimated while considering the unmodeled effects of the remaining harmonics through degree and order eight. Studies also show a 50% additional improvement inC ₂₂ can be achieved if differential differenced Doppler is also processed with the direct Doppler. The improved uncertainty inI/MR ² reduces the core density error from 4.20 gm cm^–3 to 0.1 gm cm^–3 for the case of a lunar density model having a 300 km core radius.Contribution #2885 of the Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, U.S.A.  相似文献   

Gravitational wave backgrounds and the cosmic transition from Population III to Population II stars     

Stefania Marassi  Raffaella Schneider  Valeria Ferrari 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,398(1):293-302

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First results from a dark matter search with liquid argon at 87 K in the Gran Sasso underground laboratory     

P. Benetti  R. Acciarri  F. Adamo  B. Baibussinov  M. Baldo-Ceolin  M. Belluco  F. Calaprice  E. Calligarich  M. Cambiaghi  F. Carbonara  F. Cavanna  S. Centro  A.G. Cocco  F. Di Pompeo  N. Ferrari  G. Fiorillo  C. Galbiati  V. Gallo  L. Grandi  A. Ianni  G. Mangano  G. Meng  C. Montanari  O. Palamara  L. Pandola  F. Pietropaolo  G.L. Raselli  M. Rossella  C. Rubbia  A.M. Szelc  S. Ventura  C. Vignoli  WARP Collaboration 《Astroparticle Physics》2008,28(6):495-507

A new method of searching for dark matter in the form of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMP) has been developed with the direct detection of the low energy nuclear recoils observed in a massive target (ultimately many tons) of ultra pure liquid argon at 87 K. A high selectivity for argon recoils is achieved by the simultaneous observation of both the VUV scintillation luminescence and of the electron signal surviving columnar recombination, extracted through the liquid–gas boundary by an electric field.

First physics results from this method are reported, based on a small 2.3 l test chamber filled with natural argon and an accumulated fiducial exposure of about 100 kg day, supporting the future validity of this method with isotopically purified ⁴⁰Ar and for a much larger unit presently under construction with correspondingly increased sensitivities.  相似文献   

Gravitational wave background from a cosmological population of core-collapse supernovae     

Valeria Ferrari  Sabino Matarrese  Raffaella Schneider 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1999,303(2):247-257

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Towards a predictive model to assess the natural position of the Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows upper limit     

Matteo Vacchi  Monica Montefalcone  Chiara F. Schiaffino  Valeriano Parravicini  Carlo Nike Bianchi  Carla Morri  Marco Ferrari 《Marine pollution bulletin》2014

The upper portion of the meadows of the protected Mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica occurs in the region of the seafloor mostly affected by surf-related effects. Evaluation of its status is part of monitoring programs, but proper conclusions are difficult to draw due to the lack of definite reference conditions. Comparing the position of the meadow upper limit with the beach morphodynamics (i.e. the distinctive type of beach produced by topography and wave climate) provided evidence that the natural landwards extension of meadows can be predicted. An innovative model was therefore developed in order to locate the region of the seafloor where the meadow upper limit should lie in natural conditions (i.e. those governed only by hydrodynamics, in absence of significant anthropogenic impact). This predictive model was validated in additional sites, which showed perfect agreement between predictions and observations. This makes the model a valuable tool for coastal management.  相似文献   

Flow dynamics at the origin of thin clayey sand lacustrine turbidites: Examples from Lake Hazar,Turkey          下载免费PDF全文

Sophie Hage  Aurélia Hubert‐Ferrari  Laura Lamair  Ulaş Avşar  Meriam El Ouahabi  Maarten Van Daele  Frédéric Boulvain  Mohamed Ali Bahri  Alain Seret  Alain Plenevaux 《Sedimentology》2017,64(7):1929-1956

Turbidity currents and their deposits can be investigated using several methods, i.e. direct monitoring, physical and numerical modelling, sediment cores and outcrops. The present study focused on thin clayey sand turbidites found in Lake Hazar (Turkey) occurring in eleven clusters of closely spaced thin beds. Depositional processes and sources for three of those eleven clusters are studied at three coring sites. Bathymetrical data and seismic reflection profiles are used to understand the specific geomorphology of each site. X‐ray, thin sections and CT scan imagery combined with grain‐size, geochemical and mineralogical measurements on the cores allow characterization of the turbidites. Turbidites included in each cluster were produced by remobilization of surficial slope sediment, a process identified in very few studies worldwide. Three types of turbidites are distinguished and compared with deposits obtained in flume studies published in the literature. Type 1 is made of an ungraded clayey silt layer issued from a cohesive flow. Type 2 is composed of a partially graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap, attributed to a transitional flow. Type 3 corresponds to a graded clayey sand layer overlain by a mud cap issued from a turbulence‐dominated flow. While the published experimental studies show that turbulence is damped by cohesion for low clay content, type 3 deposits of this study show evidence for a turbulence‐dominated mechanism despite their high clay content. This divergence may in part relate to input variables, such as water chemistry and clay mineralogy, that are not routinely considered in experimental studies. Furthermore, the large sedimentological variety observed in the turbidites from one coring site to another is related to the evolution of a sediment flow within a field‐scale basin made of a complex physiography that cannot be tackled by flume experiments.  相似文献   

Ecosystem service provision: an operational way for marine biodiversity conservation and management     

Cognetti G  Maltagliati F 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(11):1916-1923

Since no extensive conceptual framework has been developed on the issues of ecosystem service (ES) and service provider (SP) in the marine environment, we have made an attempt to apply these to the conservation and management of marine biodiversity. Within this context, an accurate individuation of SPs, namely the biological component of a given ecosystem that supports human activities is fundamental. SPs are the agents responsible for making the ES-based approach operational. The application of these concepts to the marine environment should be based on an model different to the terrestrial one. In the latter, the basic model envisages a matrix of a human-altered landscape with fragments of original biodiversity; conversely, in the marine environment the model provides fragments where human activities are carried out and the matrix is represented by the original biodiversity. We have identified three main classes of ES provision: in natural, disturbed and human-controlled environments. Economic valuation of marine ESs is an essential condition for making conservation strategies financially sustainable, as it may stimulate the perceived need for investing in protection and exploitation of marine resources.  相似文献   

Investigating on the 1920 Garfagnana earthquake (M_w=6.5): Evidences of site effects in Villa Collemandina (Tuscany,Italy)     

Roberto De Ferrari  Gabriele Ferretti  Simone Barani  Daniele Spallarossa 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2010

This paper presents a comprehensive ground response study for the municipality of Villa Collemandina in Northern Tuscany (Italy). This site was selected following a macroseismic analysis of the 1920 Garfagnana earthquake (M_w=6.5), which, at Villa Collemandina, produced damage and losses that were larger than at any other site near the earthquake epicentre, thus indicating the presence of possible site effects. Hence, both experimental and numerical methods are applied in order to investigate the ground response at different locations within the Villa Collemandina municipality. Results obtained from the spectral analysis of earthquake recordings using the reference site method and those from a 2-dimensional dynamic simulation reveal the presence of site effects due to the buried geomorphology (basin-like effects), allowing us to explain the severe damage and losses produced by the 1920 Garfagnana earthquake. As a further result, horizontal to vertical spectral ratio techniques and 1D soil modelling are proved to be inadequate for an effective characterization of the ground response at sites that, like Villa Collemandina, present a complex local geology.  相似文献   

Effects of the foot evolution on the behaviour of slow-moving landslides     

A. Ferrari  A. Ledesma  D.A. González  J. Corominas 《Engineering Geology》2011,117(3-4):217-228

The paper presents a time-dependent 2D numerical model which has been developed with the purpose of highlighting the effects of the slope foot evolution on the behaviour of slow-moving landslides. The model allows to quantitatively analyse how foot mass variations can influence the stability and the movement rates of the landslide.The landslide body is modelled as composed of two rigid blocks sliding on two different planes and interacting through a common boundary, which position is assumed fixed during the analysis. A finite difference approach is used to discretize the time. For each time increment, changes in model parameters are allowed, including variations in shearing resistances, groundwater level and block masses (in order to simulate foot erosion). During each iteration, the overall stability of the system is checked computing the safety factor, assuming that the percentage of mobilized shear strength is the same for the three surfaces. If the system is not stable or if it is not at rest, the velocity of the system is computed solving the momentum equations for the two blocks taking into account destabilising and resisting forces, the mechanical interaction between the blocks and viscous components. Computed velocities are iteratively used to compute mass accumulation at the foot, which in turn results in a change of the stability condition of the system.Examples are provided in order to highlight the roles of the model parameters. Finally, the application to a real landslide (Vallcebre, Spain) is presented which shows the advantage of considering the foot mass in the analysis of the displacement trends and the possibility to take into account the foot erosion in the long-term behaviour of the slope.  相似文献