A Simple Deterministic Model for Steady Evaporation under Shallow Water Table Conditions     

Ghasem Zarei  Mehdi Homaee 《Water Resources》2019,46(5):718-725

Water Resources - Evaporation from soil surface plays a significant role in water resources management. Evaporation is an important component of hydrological cycle and is needed for most soil,...  相似文献   

Hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface water and sediment pore water in seasonal hypersaline Maharlu Lake,Iran     

Roghayeh Khosravi  Mehdi Zarei  Ondra Sracek 《水文研究》2020,34(15):3358-3369

Study of interactions between surface-water and pore-water in lakes is complicated due to spatio-temporal heterogeneities in flow condition across the sediment–water interface. In this study, seasonal hypersaline Maharlu Lake was investigated by collecting surface-water and pore-water samples from four nests of multilevel piezometers installed at different distances from the inflow of rivers to the lake. The hydraulic heads in the piezometers as well as vertical profiles of Mg⁺², Na/Cl, and Br/Cl were used to investigate both hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface-water and pore-water in the lake. Depletion of lake surface water and pore water with respect to B, Br, Li⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and the absence of Mg-K chlorides and sulphates in the lake bed sediments is probably due to leakage of highly evaporated residual brine from the lake. Hydraulic gradients in the multilevel piezometric nests indicate that a general downward flow from surface-water to pore-water occurs across sediment–water interface. Vertical profiles of Br/Cl, Mg²⁺, and Na/Cl showed that the maximum flow rate was more than 1 m/yr close to the mouth of the inflowing rivers. The downward vertical flow was limited in the area far from the inflowing rivers due to the presence of an impermeable confining halite layer which interrupts the hydraulic connection between shallow pore water (less than 50 cm deep) and deeper zones. The hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface-water and pore-water across sediment–water interface in the Maharlu Lake are of interest to find out the fate of pollutants and their distribution in the lake.  相似文献   

Matrilineal evidence for genetic structure and Late Pleistocene demographic expansion of the Ornate goby Istigobius ornatus (Teleostei: Gobiidae) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea     

Reza Sadeghi  Hamid Reza Esmaeili  Fatah Zarei  Bettina Reichenbacher 《Marine Ecology》2021,42(1):e12629

The Persian Gulf and Oman Sea are characterized by an interesting paleoclimatic history and different ecological settings, and offer a unique study area to investigate the genetic structure of marine organisms including fishes. The Ornate goby Istigobius ornatus is widely distributed throughout the tropical Indo‐West Pacific including the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Here, we present the population structure, genetic diversity, and demographic history of four populations of I. ornatus from the latter two regions using the D‐loop marker of mitochondrial DNA. The results reveal a shallow genealogy, a star‐like haplotype network, significance of neutrality tests, and unimodal mismatch distribution. This is concordant with a recent demographic expansion of I. ornatus in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea at about 63,000–14,000 years ago, which appears to be related to Late Pleistocene sea level fall and rise. The results of the pairwise Fst estimates imply high gene flow along the coast of the Persian Gulf, which is probably due to larval dispersion, whereas the Oman Sea population clearly differs from all Persian Gulf populations. The AMOVA result indicates that 7.74% of the variation is related to differences among ecoregions, while inter‐ and intra‐population differences explained ?3.20% and 95.47% of the variation, respectively. The haplotype network depicts two groups of haplotypes, most of them were specific to the Persian Gulf. No further evidence for geographic lineage substructuring was evident. The Mantel test result indicates that isolation by distance is not the main mechanism that promoted the genetic differentiation among the studied populations of I. ornatus. We suggest that cumulative effects of ecological and geographic barriers such as salinity, oceanographic conditions, and the presence of the Strait of Hormuz have shaped the genetic structure of I. ornatus in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.  相似文献   

Geology,alteration, age,and origin of iron oxide–apatite deposits in Upper Eocene quartz monzonite,Zanjan district,NW Iran     

Ghasem Nabatian  Majid Ghaderi  Fernando Corfu  Franz Neubauer  Manfred Bernroider  Vsevolod Prokofiev  Maryam Honarmand 《Mineralium Deposita》2014,49(2):217-234

Iron oxide–apatite deposits are present in Upper Eocene pyroxene-quartz monzonitic rocks of the Zanjan district, northwestern Iran. Mineralization occurred in five stages: (1) deposition of disseminated magnetite and apatite in the host rock; (2) mineralization of massive and banded magnetite ores in veins and stockwork associated with minor brecciation and calcic alteration of host rocks; (3) deposition of sulfide ores together with potassic alteration; (4) formation of quartz and carbonate veins and sericite, chlorite, epidote, silica, carbonate, and tourmaline alteration; and (5) supergene alteration and weathering. U–Pb dating of monazite inclusions in the apatite indicates an age of 39.99?±?0.24 Ma, which is nearly coeval with the time of emplacement of the host quartz monzonite, supporting the genetic connection. Fluid inclusions in the apatite have homogenization temperatures of about 300 °C and oxygen isotopic compositions of the magnetite support precipitation from magmatic fluids. Late-stage quartz resulted from the introduction of a cooler, less saline, and isotopically depleted fluid. The iron oxide–apatite deposits in the Tarom area of the Zanjan district are typical of a magmatic–hydrothermal origin and are similar to the Kiruna-type deposits with respect to mineral assemblages, fabric and structure of the iron ores, occurrence of the ore bodies, and wall rock alteration.  相似文献   

Identifying sources of salinization using hydrochemical and isotopic techniques, Konarsiah, Iran   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Mehdi Zarei  Ezzat Raeisi  Broder J. Merkel  Nicolai-Alexeji Kummer 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(2):587-604

Konarsiah salt diapir is situated in the Simply Folded Zone of the Zagros Mountain, south Iran. Eight small permanent brine springs emerge from the Konarsiah salt body, with average total dissolved solids of 326.7 g/L. There are numerous brackish to saline springs emerging from the alluvial and karst aquifers adjacent to the diapir. Concerning emergence of Konarsiah diapir in the study area, halite dissolution is the most probable source of salinity in the adjacent aquifers. However, other sources including evaporation and deep brines through deep Mangerak Fault are possible. The water samples of the study area were classified based on their water-type, salinity, and the trend of the ions concentration curves. The result of this classification is in agreement with the hydrogeological setting of the study area. The hydrochemical and isotopic evaluations show that the groundwater samples are the result of mixing of four end members; Gachsaran sulfate water, Sarvak and Asmari carbonate fresh waters, and diapir brine. The molar ratios of Na/Cl, Li/Cl, Br/Cl, and SO₄/Cl; and isotopic signature of the mixed samples justify a groundwater mixing model for the aquifers adjacent to the salt diapir. The share of brine in each adjacent aquifer was calculated using Cl mass balance. In addition, concentrations of 34 trace elements were determined to characterize the diapir brine and to identify the possible tracers of salinity sources in the mixed water samples. B, Mn, Rb, Sr, Cs, Tl, and Te were identified as trace elements evidencing contact of groundwater with the salt diapir.  相似文献   

Geology,geochemistry, sulfur isotope composition,and fluid inclusion data of Farsesh barite deposit,Lorestan Province,Iran     

Samira Mokhtari Asl  Mohammadreza Jafari  Reza Zarei Sahamiyeh  Vahid Shahrokhi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2015,8(9):7125-7139

Farsesh barite in the central part of Iranian Sanandaj-Sirjan zone is a sample of epigenetic hydrothermal mineralization in dolomitized limestone, which provides appropriate chemicophysical conditions making the passage of mineral-bearing fluids possible. Barite veins may range from a few centimeters to 2 m in thickness that increases downward. The microthermometry measurements obtained from more than 30 fluid inclusions show relative homogenization temperatures ranging from 125 to 200 °C with an average of 110 °C for Farsesh barite deposits. The mean salinity measured proves 16 times as much as weight percentage of NaCl for barite. Coexistence of liquid- and vapor-rich fluid inclusions in barite minerals may provide an evidence of boiling in ore veins. Moreover, occurrence of bladed calcite, high-grade ore zones, and presence of hydrothermal breccia are all consistent with boiling. Thermometric studies indicate that homogenization temperatures (Th) for primary and pseudosecondary fluid inclusions in barite range from 125 to 200 °C with an average of 1,100 °C. The δ³⁴S values of barite also lie between 8.88 and 16.6 %. The relatively narrow spread in δ³⁴S values may suggest uniform environmental conditions throughout the mineralization field. Thus, δ³⁴S values are lower than those of contemporaneous seawater, which indicates a contribution of magmatic sulfur to the ore-forming solution. Barite is marked by total amounts of rare Earth elements (REEs) (6.25–17.39 ppm). Moreover, chondrite-normalized REE patterns of barite indicate a fractionation of light REEs (i.e., LREEs) from La to Sm, similar to those for barite from different origins. The La_CN/Lu_CN ratios and chondrite-normalized REE patterns reveal that barite in Farsesh deposit is enriched in LREEs compared with heavy rare Earth elements (HREEs). Similarity between Ce/La ratios in barite samples and those found in deep-sea barite supports its marine origin. Lanthanum and Gd exhibit positive anomalies, which are common features of chemical marine sediments. Cerium shows a negative anomaly in most samples inherited from the negative Ce anomaly of hydrothermal fluid that is mixed with seawater at barite precipitation. The available data including tectonic setting, host rock characteristics, REE geochemistry, and sulfur isotopic compositions may support a hydrothermal submarine origin for Farsesh barite deposit.  相似文献   

In-situ zircon U-Pb age and Hf-O isotopic constraints on the origin of the Hasan-Robat A-type granite from Sanandaj–Sirjan zone,Iran: implications for reworking of Cadomian arc igneous rocks     

Honarmand  Maryam  Li  Xian-Hua  Nabatian  Ghasem  Neubauer  Franz 《Mineralogy and Petrology》2017,111(5):659-675

Mineralogy and Petrology - The Lower Permian Hasan-Robat syenogranite occurs as a single pluton and intruded the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian sandstones and dolomitic limestones in the...  相似文献   

Tectono‐sedimentary evolution of the northern Iranian Plateau: insights from middle–late Miocene foreland‐basin deposits          下载免费PDF全文

Paolo Ballato  Francesca Cifelli  Ghasem Heidarzadeh  Mohammad R. Ghassemi  Andrew D. Wickert  Jamshid Hassanzadeh  Guillaume Dupont‐Nivet  Philipp Balling  Masafumi Sudo  Gerold Zeilinger  Axel K. Schmitt  Massimo Mattei  Manfred R. Strecker 《Basin Research》2017,29(4):417-446

Sedimentary basins in the interior of orogenic plateaus can provide unique insights into the early history of plateau evolution and related geodynamic processes. The northern sectors of the Iranian Plateau of the Arabia–Eurasia collision zone offer the unique possibility to study middle–late Miocene terrestrial clastic and volcaniclastic sediments that allow assessing the nascent stages of collisional plateau formation. In particular, these sedimentary archives allow investigating several debated and poorly understood issues associated with the long‐term evolution of the Iranian Plateau, including the regional spatio‐temporal characteristics of sedimentation and deformation and the mechanisms of plateau growth. We document that middle–late Miocene crustal shortening and thickening processes led to the growth of a basement‐cored range (Takab Range Complex) in the interior of the plateau. This triggered the development of a foreland‐basin (Great Pari Basin) to the east between 16.5 and 10.7 Ma. By 10.7 Ma, a fast progradation of conglomerates over the foreland strata occurred, most likely during a decrease in flexural subsidence triggered by rock uplift along an intraforeland basement‐cored range (Mahneshan Range Complex). This was in turn followed by the final incorporation of the foreland deposits into the orogenic system and ensuing compartmentalization of the formerly contiguous foreland into several intermontane basins. Overall, our data suggest that shortening and thickening processes led to the outward and vertical growth of the northern sectors of the Iranian Plateau starting from the middle Miocene. This implies that mantle‐flow processes may have had a limited contribution toward building the Iranian Plateau in NW Iran.  相似文献   

Health risk assessment of nitrate exposure in groundwater of rural areas of Gonabad and Bajestan,Iran     

Mehdi Qasemi  Mojtaba Afsharnia  Mansoureh Farhang  Abolfazl Bakhshizadeh  Mohadeseh Allahdadi  Ahmad Zarei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(15):551

Prolonged exposure to excessive levels of nitrate through drinking water is a potential risk for human health. The current research reports the analytical results and associated health risk for water quality in term of nitrate in 39 groundwater samples during January 2018 in rural areas of Gonabad and Bajestan, Iran. Nitrate concentrations ranged from 1.8 to 82.2 and from 5.5 to 84.3 mg/L for Gonabad and Bajestan, respectively. In this work, the potential risk to human health was determined using the hazard quotient (HQ) for three age groups including adults, children and infants. Comparison of HQs among the 39 sampling sites showed that the rural areas in Bajestan had higher HQs than Gonabad. Among the studied groups, infants exposed to a higher risk than children and adults. The results also indicated that the health of individuals from nitrate exposure in most of the groundwater studied was not acceptable and most of the consumers were in danger from current nitrate concentrations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for enforcing effective plans to improve groundwater quality and to better manage and control probable nitrate contaminated sources.  相似文献   

Dye removal from aqueous solutions using novel nanocomposite hydrogel derived from sodium montmorillonite nanoclay and modified starch     

S. Zarei  M. Sadeghi  G. Rezanejade Bardajee 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2018,15(11):2303-2316

A novel nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs)-based polysaccharide was synthesized by incorporating Na-montmorillonite (NaMMT) nanoparticles (NPs) into poly acrylic acid and polyacrylamide grafted onto starch [P(AA–AAm)-g-starch] hydrogel. The conditions applied in this synthesis were optimized using the Taguchi orthogonal experimental design method. The characterization of NaMMT NPs/P(AA–AAm)-g-starch NCH was performed by Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray, and atomic force microscopy analyses. The resulting optimized NCH showed improved pH-dependent swelling and enhanced safranin adsorption capacity compared to pure hydrogel and NaMMT NPs. Its adsorption process could be described very well by pseudo-second-order and Elovich kinetic models. The adsorption isotherm was followed by Freundlich isotherm models. The conclusion confirms the prospect of NCH as an effective adsorbent for the adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions.  相似文献