钻孔体应变仪在地震前兆观测中的理论和应用研究综述     

孙艺玫  查楠  任雪  张丽  毛佳宁 《防灾减灾学报》2021,37(4):69-74

一些地震发生前后,时常会观测到有别于正常地震波的前驱波信号,这些前驱波信号对于地震的预报和观测有重要的现实意义;钻孔应变观测是观测前驱波信号的重要手段,也是地震前兆观测与研究中不可或缺的主要技术,可以给出传统测震仪观测无法给出的信息;文章概述了当前钻孔体应变观测的原理和研究发展路径,并集中表述了其在实际预测中的重要研究成果;从研究实例上可以看出来,当前的钻孔应变观测结果和实际的地震发生状况存在一定的不确定性,回溯研究表明现在的观测结果还有很大的提升空间.  相似文献   

Incoherent scatter spectrum of ionospheric plasma with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution     

Bao-Ke Ma  Li-Xin Guo  Hong-Tao Su  Bei-Chen Zhang  Hong-Qiao Hu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2012,340(2):237-243

The expression of anisotropic temperature ion distribution function under the 13-moment approximation is obtained by solving a set of moment equations based on the Boltzmann equation for a relaxation collision model and with consideration of the anisotropic temperature ion distribution. And the incoherent scatter spectrum with an anisotropic temperature ion distribution is simulated in different directions based on the electromagnetic radiation theory of Sheffield. The effects of different electrical field strengths, ratios of electron temperature to ion temperature, and ion-neutral collision frequencies on the incoherent scatter spectrum are all discussed. Finally, the value of theoretical simulation is compared with the measured value of incoherent scattering spectrum. The result show that the incoherent scatter spectrum of ions seriously deviates from the form of the Maxwellian distribution in the equilibrium state. This phenomenon can be attributed to the effects of anisotropic temperature ion distribution, the larger convection electric field, and other factors in high latitude ionosphere.  相似文献   

多尺度阵列嵌套组合反演宾川气枪源区横波速度结构   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙楠  潘磊  王伟涛  叶泵  王彬  陈晓非 《地球物理学报》2021,64(11):4012-4021

本文基于多尺度阵列嵌套组合的方式,利用频率-贝塞尔变换法(Frequency-Bessel,F-J方法)提取背景噪声面波频散信息,通过多个阵列融合的频散曲线反演得到宾川气枪发射台周边不同深度的横波速度结构.结果显示:浅层一阶面波频散信息的加入,使得基阶反演结果更加收敛,反演深度加深到8 km;深度在8 km以下的结构的研究利用多尺度阵列(密集台阵—宾川气枪台网—云南区域地震台网)嵌套组合的方式,面波基阶低频信息从0.55 Hz拓宽到0.008 Hz,使横波速度结构的反演深度显著增加,同时对反演过程提供约束,使得70 km深度以上的横波速度更收敛.由此本文所得的横波速度结构为该区地下结构的探测提供基础,多尺度阵列嵌套组合频散谱的研究方式也为以后区域结构的研究提供一种新的方法和思路.  相似文献   

Hydrogeochemistry of Water in Coal Measures during Grouting Treatment of Taoyuan Mine,China     

Yan Guo  Herong Gui  Jiuchuan Wei  Zhi Zhang  Mancong Hu  Pei Fang  Guangping Li  Chuan Gao  Xin Wang 《Ground water》2021,59(2):256-265

Permian coal measure sandstone fissure water (referred to as “coal measure water,” that is, water in coal measures) is one of the important water sources for industrial and agricultural activities in mining areas. However, the regional high-pressure grouting, one of the most widely used floor control methods, may affect the coal measure water which is connected with limestone aquifer. This study used Taoyuan mine, a typical coal mine in Huaibei coalfield, as the research area to study the influencing mechanism of a grouting treatment on the hydrogeochemical evolution of coal measure water. The hydrogeochemical characteristics and water-rock interaction mechanism of the coal measure water before and during the treatment were evaluated using a Piper trigram, ion combination ratio, and hydrogen-oxygen stable isotope. The anions and cations in the coal measure water before and during the treatment had the same trends at SO₄²⁻ > HCO₃⁻ > Cl⁻ and Na⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺, respectively. Hydrochemical types of coal measure water before treatment were mainly SO₄·Cl-Ca·Mg, SO₄·Cl-Na, and HCO₃-Na, and during treatment they were mainly SO₄·Cl-Na and HCO₃-Na. The formation of chemical components of coal measure water before treatment was mainly caused by carbonate dissolution, sulfate dissolution, and pyrite oxidation. During the treatment, sulfate dissolution and pyrite oxidation were the main geochemical processes, and ion exchange was enhanced. Atmospheric precipitation was the source of all water samples, and all showed an obvious ¹⁸O drift.  相似文献   

A morphological investigation of marine transgression in estuaries     

Ian Townend  Zeng Zhou  Leicheng Guo  Giovanni Coco 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(3):626-641

The landscape setting of estuaries varies widely and is an important aspect of determining how they evolve. This paper focusses on alluvial estuaries in river valleys and how they respond to sea level rise. We examine the implications of marine transgression, as a response to sea level rise, where the estuary moves upwards and landwards to maintain its position in the tidal frame (so-called stratigraphic rollover). Here we encapsulate such kinematic movement of the estuary morphology using a ‘morphokinematic’ model, to assess the potential response to sea level rise and sediment supply. The model of the estuary form includes a single convergent channel, intertidal and surrounding floodplains (the valley) and allows the relative importance of the space available for deposition of sediments, the accommodation space, to be investigated as a function of rates of sea level rise and sediment supply. The transgression of the system is determined using a sediment mass balance, taking account of any supply from the river and marine environment. Model results confirm that the transgression distance, measured as the distance the entity moves landward, varies in proportion to the change in accommodation space, which mainly depends on the floodplain area. As the size of the floodplain reduces, the transgression distance is less and the system becomes much more sensitive to changes in the rate of sea level rise or changes in sediment supply. The greater demand for sediment when a floodplain is present results in greater cannibalization of the estuary form (i.e. greater landward movement) to meet the sediment demand. When the floodplain is disconnected from the estuary, the synergistic relationship is lost and the accommodation space increases. The capacity for restoration will depend on the availability of sediment and the prevailing rate of sea level rise.  相似文献   

混凝土单桩对瑞利波的阻隔机理试验研究          下载免费PDF全文

赵大威  刘航  刘晶磊  张楠 《地震工程学报》2021,43(3):693-703

通过室外试验的方法绘制相对加速度的二维等值线图,并依据桩周土体的振动情况进行区域划分,进一步研究单桩几何尺寸变化时其周围土体振动区域的变化情况。结果表明:单桩桩前、桩两侧存在振动加强区,桩前的振动加强现象更强,以桩角处尤为明显;当桩长与波长的比值在0.109～0.840时,隔振区、反射区的面积增长幅度较大,而绕射区的面积则迅速减小,当比值在0.840～0.962时,隔振区、反射区以及绕射区的面积变化很小,数据趋于缓和;桩径与波长的比值对桩周振动区域的影响较大,随着比值在0.013～0.163之间增大,隔振区与反射区的面积分别增加了0.249 m~2、0.129 m~2,增长的速率均较快,而绕射区的面积以较快的速率降低了0.088 m~2;振源距与波长的比值对隔振区与反射区的面积影响较大,当比值在0.163～0.961时,隔振区与反射区的面积急速下降,当比值在0.961～1.068时,变化趋势趋于缓和,对于绕射区面积,随着比值的增加,绕射区的面积仅仅增加了0.037 m~2。  相似文献   

2021年6月10日双柏MS5.1地震序列精定位及发震构造分析     

王光明  刘自凤  彭关灵  孙楠 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(z1):55-57

1 地震背景 据中国地震台网( CENC)测定,2021年6月10日19时46分07秒,在云南省楚雄州双柏县发生MS5.1地震,震中(24.34°N,101.91°E),震源深度8 km.本次地震共造成楚雄州双柏县、玉溪市峨山县和易门县3个县5个乡镇不同程度受灾,2人受伤,直接经济总损失3440万元(引自云南省地震局关于双柏MS5.1地震灾害直接经济损失评估工作报告).  相似文献   

云南地区强震前小震调制比特征分析     

孙楠  付虹  彭关灵  刘自凤 《地震地磁观测与研究》2021,42(5):82-89

利用调制比时空扫描方法,对1973—2014年云南地区M_S≥6.0地震进行回溯性研究,分析强震前区域小震调制比时空演化过程。结果显示,从小震调制比异常开始至发震的持续时间为1.5 a之内,调制比异常的最高值需大于0.57,强震多发生在调制比为最高值时或其后14个月内异常区边界或内部调制比显著高值附近,震级随异常持续时间的延长大致呈增加的趋势;小滇西—滇西北地区的强震多发生在调制期内;从分区来看,滇西南强震多发生在调制比为最高值（R_m≥0.57）后6个月内的异常边界处,尤其是3个月内,滇西北强震多发生在最高值（R_m≥0.67）后7—12月内异常区内显著高值附近,滇东北强震多发生在最高值（R_m≥0.67）时的异常区内。  相似文献   

风城油田重油SAGD蒸汽腔微震监测     

桑林翔  杨果  于兵  王怀武  金鑫  王建立  杜明  梁北援 《地球物理学进展》2021,36(1):237-249

中国石油新疆油田分公司风城油田1845井区目前有13个井组正在实施蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD).2018年12月至2019年4月期间,我们应用微破裂向量扫描对该井区实施了共35天的微震监测,试图定量确定热蒸汽腔的4D变化.由于微震活动的间歇性和跳跃性,一定期间的监测,很难用含震级或能量的震源分布对蒸汽腔实施解释;故,我们对监测域实施微震释放能量(或最小信噪比)的扫描,对域内各点逐时段(10 min)累积这个能量,结合域内测温等数据,统计分析微震强度相对于注汽线不同距离的平均几何分布.可能有三种SAGD诱发微震机制:热传导引起附加压应力场、微震弹性波传播扰动、及泄(注)液引起的体积变形;而微破裂又加剧了蒸汽腔边界延展和内部的微震活动.此期间井区注热蒸汽腔的状态是:注汽时长分别为2年多到5年多不等的三个井组的蒸汽腔边界(≥32 m)基本已接近或到达平均井组中线(35 m);实际可能两年内甚至注汽开始不久,这个边界即接近完成;以后除腔边界极缓慢地推进,主要注入能量是贡献于腔内微震"填空":在腔内缝间热传导产生的高温梯度子区引起的多重附加热压应力下间歇产生的微震活动.测温和产能数据支持上述结论.腔边界和腔内"填空"区域的时空变化是热蒸汽腔特性、也是重油生产决策的重要参数.这类监测解释方法也适用于任何注水前缘、矿山巷道安全、和断裂带的长期监测.  相似文献   

改进的标准化累积绝对速度及其在高速铁路地震报警应用中阈值的确定     

崔恩文  郭恩栋  王倩  孙逊 《震灾防御技术》2021,16(3):527-532

为降低无破坏性的近震小震对高速铁路地震报警的干扰,本文引入改进的标准化累积绝对速度作为报警参数,研究基于改进的标准化累积绝对速度地震报警阈值计算方法。通过建立车轨模型,分析不同周期横向简谐波作用下的列车安全运行极限状态,得出不同车速下改进的标准化累积绝对速度的起算阈值。参照标准化累积绝对速度CAV_STD计算公式,给出不同车速下改进的标准化累积绝对速度计算公式,并计算不同时速下列车分别在6条不同场地地震波作用下改进的标准化累积绝对速度报警阈值。  相似文献