基于RS与GIS技术的变更图斑自动识别方法研究     

蒋洪波  陈超 《测绘科学》2008,33(3):71-73

基于RS与GIS技术的土地利用变更图斑自动识别方法,即"以遥感正射影像图为基础,以地理信息和地物反射光谱为判别依据"的变更信息识别方法,能够尽量避免传统利用遥感影像分类技术进行地物变更识别存在的不足。本文通过对距离算法的改良,有效利用遥感数据的实时性和丰富性,在地理信息系统的支持下,提高了对地物变更地块的识别精度。  相似文献   

GALILEO系统仿真与分析     

牛飞  韩春好  陈金平 《测绘科学》2008,33(5)

本文着重阐述了GALILEO仿真系统星座和误差模型的构建过程,利用该系统进行DOP值分析并通过定位解算验证了GALILEO系统的性能指标。通过与GPS系统性能指标进行比较,得出GALILEO系统的星座设计具有较好的DOP值分布特性,定位精度优于GPS定位精度。在进行差分定位时,其误差贡献比较大的是接收机噪声和卫星钟差,因此提高差分定位的关键是降低接收机的噪声水平和提高卫星钟差预报精度。  相似文献   

电子地图符号构图规律的研究     

谢超  陈毓芬  柯希林  柳佳佳 《北京测绘》2008,(1):35-37

根据电子地图屏幕显示与阅读的特点,应用地图视觉感受理论及地图符号学理论对电子地图符号的构图规律进行研究,是有效地改进电子地图设计所必需的。本文从电子地图符号构图规律研究的必要性入手,根据对电子地图视觉变量的理解,应用地图视觉感受理论和地图符号学理论,对电子地形图符号体系进行研究,同时根据符号库建库的需要,将所有符号分解为最小图元,提出了点状、线状及面状符号的构图规律。  相似文献   

汶川地震山地灾害遥感快速提取及其分布特点分析   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  

苏凤环  刘洪江  韩用顺 《遥感学报》2008,12(6)

针对泥石流滑坡灾害体特有的物质组成与活动特点,通过比较分析其在不同遥感影像的光谱特征差异,选择ETM+影像作为主要数据源,提取湿度指数与绿度指数,利用ETM+的穗帽变换、影像差值增强、密度分割和掩膜技术建立了泥石流滑坡山地灾害快速提取模型,并用于汶川地震.通过灾害体的提取,分析了本次地震山地次生灾害的分布规律,利用空间叠加进行了成因的分析.本次地震山地灾害具有如下特点:(1)沿主要地表破裂带分布;(2)山地灾害主要出现在8度-9度地震烈度区,随着烈度的降低,山地灾害的总面积也相应的减少;(3)山地灾害主要发生在海拔高度1000-2500m的地带;(4)主要发生在坡度20°-50°之间的边坡上;(5)地震及余震期间以崩塌滑坡滚石为主,后期以泥石流滑坡为主;(6)具有河流左右两岸呈不对称分布等特点.结果表明,利用ETM+影像建立基于湿度指数与绿度指数的快速提取模型,对于大规模泥石流滑坡提取效果较好,进行大区域山地灾害的遥感快速提取是可行的.  相似文献   

冰川流域径流估算方法探索——以科其喀尔巴西冰川为例     

陈仁升  刘时银  康尔泗  韩海东  卿文武  王建 《地球科学进展》2008,23(9)

利用科其喀尔巴西冰川2005年6月至2006年5月水文、气象资料,并结合15 m融合TM、1∶50000地形图、FY-2C数值产品和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,构建了10个简单、具有一定自主创新意义的分布式冰川融水径流模型(空间分辨率60 m),较好地模拟了研究冰川流域的日平均流量.结果表明,利用FY-2C总云量资料并结合辐射传输参数化方案能够较好地估算流域太阳入射短波辐射;单独利用总辐射有直接估算大型冰川流域某段时期融水径流的可能.气温与冰川末端流量呈指数关系,度日因子模型更适合于消融季节;提出的基于单元格气温和海拔的简单消融模型有望改进度日因子模型.在气温指数模型中加入太阳辐射调整系数,能够更好地估算冰川融水径流.简化分布式能量平衡模型能够反映大型冰川融水径流的变化;单层汇流方案在一定程度上能够概化托木尔型冰川的汇流过程.  相似文献   

新疆北山晚古生代内生金属矿床成矿系列研究   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

程松林  王新昆  吴华  毛启贵  敖松坚  韩春明 《新疆地质》2008,26(1):43-48

新疆北山造山带是我国重要的铜镍金铁矿产勘查区之一.通过初步研究,按照成矿系列的学术思想,将区内晚古生代金属矿床划分为3个成矿系列,即晚古生代与基性-超基性岩浆有关的铜镍硫化物矿床成矿系列、晚古生代与强应变构造带有关的铜金矿床成矿系列和与火山岩有关的铁矿床成矿系列.  相似文献   

应用电性特征研究银川平原地下水水质空间分布规律     

韩银利  尹秉喜  余秋生  于艳青 《物探与化探》2008,32(3):288-290,287

以蕴涵丰富地下水系统水循环信息的电性特征为线索,采用电测深法,在分析研究银川平原450 m深度内地下水系统的空间结构的基础上,对平原地下水水质空间分布规律进行了综合研究,为银川平原地下水资源可持续利用战略的制订提供了依据。  相似文献   

Geochemical characteristics and source analysis of inflow of mine water in Wang’ershan Gold Mine, Shandong   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

QIAN Jianping  LI Shuangli  and CAO Chao Guilin University of Technology  Guilin  China 《中国地球化学学报》2008,(1)

Through a systematic observation of water level and temperature, and a comprehensive analysis of the data on major/trace elements, nitrite, hydrogen-oxygen isotopes, the conclusion has been drawn that there are two relatively independent groundwater systems (cool water and hot water), and the geochemical indicators of hot/cool waters are described. The cool water system is relatively enriched in Ca2 , Mg2 and HCO3-. Its TDS is relatively low, about 1400–1800 mg/L. The hot water system is relatively enriched in K , Na , Cl- and SO42-. Its TDS is relatively high, about 2200–2300 mg/L. The cool water system is enriched in Ba, Ga, Cd, and the hot water system is enriched in B, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Rb, and Cs, relatively. Especially, the contents of Rb and Cs in the hot water system are more than five times as high as those in the cool water system. The NO3- contents of cool water discharged from the gold mine are relatively high, and those of hot water are extremely low. The δD and δ18O values follow an increasing order of surface water>mine cool water>mine hot water. The cool water comes mainly from the lateral supply of phreatic water, while the hot water comes mainly from the vertical supply of deeply circulating structure-fracture water. The ratio of cool water over hot water was estimated to be about 1:1 by a water quality model..  相似文献   

Application of Spectral Decomposition to Detection of Fracture-Cavity Carbonate Reservoir Beds in the Tahe Oiifieid, Tarim Basin, NW China     

Liu Xiaoping  Yang Xiaolan  Zhang Yazhong  Han Long 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(3):530-536

Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture-cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture-cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture-cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture-cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long-axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to ＂tune-in＂ bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture-cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N-S-trending strong reflection belts in the mid-western part of the study area along wells TK440- TK427-TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404-TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4-D time-frequency data cube carving. A small N-S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403-TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture-cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed-development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture-cavity reservoir beds.  相似文献   

Environmental Investigation and Evaluation of Land Subsidence in the Datong Coalfield Based on InSAR Technology   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JIA Xiuming  MA Chao  ZHAO Anyuan 《《地质学报》英文版》2008,82(5):1035-1044

Heavy mining of Jurassic and Carboniferous horizontal coal seams in the Datong coalfield has seriously affected the local geological environment, which is mainly manifested by such geohazards as soil avalanches, landslides, mudflows, surface subsidence, surface cracks, surface solid waste accumulation and surface deformation. More seriously, coal mining causes groundwater to leak. Overpumping of groundwater has resulted in substantial land subsidence of the urban area in Datong City. Based on the previous geo-environmental investigation in the work area, the authors used radar remote sensing techniques such as InSAR （synthetic aperture radar interferometry） and D-InSAR （differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry）, supplemented by the optical remote sensing method, for geo-environmental investigation to ascertain the geo-environmental background of the Datong Jurassic and Carboniferous-Permian coalfield and evaluate the effects of the geohazards, thus providing a basis for the geo-environmental protection, geohazard control and prevention, land improvement and optimization of the human environment. In this study 8 cog-nominal ERS-1/2 SAR data frames during 1992 to 2003 were used, but the following processing was made： （1） the multitemporal SAR magnitude images were used to interpret the geological structure, vegetation, microgeomorphology and drainage system; （2） the multi-temporal InSAR coherent images were used to make a classification of surface features and evaluate the coherence change due to coal mining; and （3） the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images were used to complete D-InSAR processing to remove the information of differential deformation areas （sites）. In the end, a ten-year time series of differential interferograms were obtained using the multi-temporal cog-nominal SAR images. In the tests, 84 deformed areas （sites） were obtained, belonging to those in 1993-1996, 1996-1997, 1997-1998, 1998-2001, 1998-2002 and 2001-2003 respectively. Of the 84 areas, 44 are m  相似文献