Characteristics of S-wave Envelope Broadening in the Changbaishan Tianchi Volcano     

Fan Xiaoping  Li Qinghe  He Haibing  Yang Congjie  Jin Shumei 《中国地震研究》2010,24(3):385-393

High-frequency S-wave seismogram envelopes of microearthquakes broaden with increasing travel distance,a phenomenon known as S-wave envelope broadening. Multiple forward scattering and diffraction for the random inhomogeneities along the seismic ray path are the main causes of S-wave envelope broadening,so the phenomenon of S-wave envelope broadening is used to study the inhomogeneity of the medium. The peak delay time of an S-wave,which is defined as the time lag from the direct S-wave onset to the maximum amplitude arrival of its envelope,is accepted to quantify S-wave envelope broadening. 204 small earthquake records in Changbaishan Tianchi volcano were analyzed by the S-wave envelope broadening algorithm. The results show that S-wave envelope broadening in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano is obvious,and that the peak delay time of S-wave has a positive correlation with the hypocenter distance and frequency of the S-wave. The relationships between the S-wave peak delay time and the hypocenter distance for different frequency bands were obtained using the statistics method. The results are beneficial to the understanding of the S-wave envelope broadening phenomena and the quantitative research on the inhomogeneities of the crust medium in the Changbaishan Tianchi volcano region.  相似文献   

盐城市乡镇经济差异空间分析     

蒋海兵  徐建刚  商硕 《地域研究与开发》2010,29(1)

以乡镇为研究单元,以人均GDP与nich指数为测度指标,采用ESDA等空间分析技术,依托增长极等理论,分析1999—2007年盐城市乡镇经济空间格局与经济差异驱动因素。结果表明:盐城市乡镇经济空间格局总体呈现"东南—西北"递减态势。临海乡镇经济发展水平普遍较高,市区、大丰港"增长极"与国道"发展轴"的区域经济带动能力逐渐增强。市域内乡镇经济发展水平与增长速度呈显著的空间自相关,落后地区重点乡镇"增长极"的培育有助于改善周边乡镇贫困局面,重大项目投资产生的"乘数效应"对市域乡镇经济格局影响突出。  相似文献   

2008年汶川地震同震滑移特征、最大滑移量及构造意义   总被引：16，自引：10，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

李海兵  司家亮  付小方  邱祝礼  李宁  J.Van der Woerd  裴军令  王宗秀  侯立玮  吴富崓 《第四纪研究》2009,29(3):387-402

2008年汶川地震（M_s8.0）形成了迄今为止空间上分布最为复杂、长度最大的逆冲型同震地表破裂带。沿约275km长的地表破裂带的同震滑移及其最大滑移量的确定,对认识和理解汶川地震地表破裂过程及其变形机制具有重要意义。我们沿地表破裂带进行了详细的滑移特征考察及其同震位移测量,发现沿映秀-北川破裂带分布南北两个滑移峰值区段,南段以深溪沟-虹口破裂段为中心,以逆冲为主伴随右旋走滑运动为特征,最大垂直位移量为6.0～6.7m,北段以北川破裂段为中心,以右旋走滑为主伴随逆冲运动为特征,最大垂直位移量为11～12m,南北两滑移峰值区段所代表的两次地表破裂事件与地震波数据反演结果一致。通过对北川段破裂带的精细地形剖面测量,以及地震前后对比,在北川县曲山镇沙坝村一组获得该破裂段的最大右旋水平位移为12～15m,最大垂直位移为11～12m,这是目前世界上一次地震产生的最大同震垂直位移,最大斜向滑移量为14～17m,为整个汶川地震地表破裂最大滑移量,是汶川地震的宏观震中。北川破裂段高角度的地震断裂、逆冲断裂面的倒转作用以及具最大滑移量的强烈变形作用是北川县城遭受到最强的地表破坏和地质灾害的主要原因。具有走滑量和逆冲量近一致（走滑水平位移/逆冲垂直位移比值为1）的斜向逆冲作用可能是山脉快速隆升的重要机制。  相似文献   

青藏高原西北部帕米尔东北缘构造地貌与活动构造研究   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

潘家伟  李海兵  J.Van der Woerd  孙知明  裴军令  司家亮  邱祝礼 《第四纪研究》2009,29(3):586-598

新生代以来,印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞和持续的汇聚在青藏高原西北部的帕米尔地区造成了强烈的陆内变形,形成一系列典型的构造地貌。文章在卫片解译、DEM数据处理的基础上,结合野外地质、地貌观察与测量,对帕米尔东北缘的构造地貌与活动构造特征进行了研究,取得以下认识： 1)在英吉沙地区,通过测量地貌变形面计算出英吉沙背斜隆起高度约为230m,并利用面积平衡法估算出英吉沙背斜的最小构造缩短量约为110m,参考前人的年代学数据计算出英吉沙背斜在中更新世以来的最低隆升速率约为0.23mm/a,最小构造缩短速率约为0.11mm/a; 2)在帕米尔前缘,乌泊尔断裂为一条伴随右旋走滑分量的逆冲断裂,该断裂的右旋走滑作用错断了古近纪地层及流过断裂的河流,通过测量单次地震造成的水系错断量并参考前人研究的该地区大震复发周期约为1000年,估算出该断裂的平均走滑速率为 4.0～6.8mm/a,并推测断裂开始活动的时间大约在 2.2～3.0Ma以前; 3)对喀什地区构造地貌特征的观察与研究表明,明尧勒－喀什背斜和阿图什－踏浪河背斜可能分别为帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山山前冲断带和西南天山山前冲断带的前缘,该地区以西,帕米尔东北缘西昆仑山和西南天山两大构造系统已经发生了碰撞和拼贴。  相似文献   

鲜水河断裂带色拉哈—康定段新发现的活动断层：木格措南断裂   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

潘家伟  李海兵  Marie- Luce Chevalier  白明坤  刘富财  刘栋梁  郑勇  卢海建  赵中宝 《地质学报》2020,94(11):3178-3188

鲜水河断裂带位于青藏高原东缘,是中国大陆内部地震活动性最强的大型活动断裂带之一。大量研究证据表明,鲜水河断裂带色拉哈—康定段未来几十年内发生破坏性强震的风险较高。目前正在规划建设的国家重大交通基础建设工程——川藏铁路,将在康定折多山地区直接穿越鲜水河活动断裂带。本研究通过高分辨率卫星影像的地质地貌解译和详细的野外构造地质填图,新发现一条发育于色拉哈断裂和折多塘断裂之间折多山花岗岩体内的长约24km的全新世活动断层,该断裂空间上可分成北、中、南三段,呈(正滑)左旋右阶雁行状排列,并将其命名为“木格措南断裂”。该活动断裂的发现对完善鲜水河断裂带色拉哈—康定段的精细几何图像和构造组合特征,准确评价鲜水河断裂带的地震危险性具有重要意义,并为川藏铁路施工建设和安全运营提供了重要科学数据支撑。  相似文献   

层次分析法在工程岩体分类中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

杨泽平  李海兵  曾夏生 《工程地质学报》2006,14(6):830-834

层次分析法是一种考虑定性与定量相结合的多目标决策分析方法。岩体工程分类受多种因素影响,本文选用多种因素进行全面的综合分析,建立了由4个层次组成的岩体工程分类层次分析体系,详细介绍了不同层次的判断矩阵的构造及分类过程。实测数据计算结果表明:岩体工程分类层次分析体系简单、适用、系统性强,评价结果真实、有效。  相似文献   

RETRIEVING OVER-OCEAN PRECIPITABLE WATER FROM THE SSM/I MEASUREMENTS WITH SEVERAL REGRESSION ALGORITHMS^*          下载免费PDF全文

Chen Hongbin  Sun Haibing  Wang Pucai  Lu Daren 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(4):443-449

A collocated SSM/I and radiosonde measurement data set provided by the NASDA(Japan) was used to retrieve the total precipitable water(PW) over oceans.The retrieval results obtained with several regression algorithms were compared against the radiosonde measurements.It is shown that:(a) the routinely operational algorithm of Alishouse et al.(1990) yields significant underestimation in high PW regime and overestimation in low PW regime;(b) a cubic correction by Colton and Poe(1994) is not sufficient and globally improves slightly the retrieval results;and(c) the regression algorithm with the form of brightness temperature(T_b) function In(280-T_b) gives a little largely scattered retrievals in whole PW range but without considerable over-and underestimates in low and high PW regimes.To improve the estimation of the oceanic precipitable water from the SSM/I measurements,a composite algorithm with different forms of T_b function in low.medium and high PW regimes is proposed and tested.  相似文献   

Constraints on the late Quaternary glaciations in Tibet from cosmogenic exposure ages of moraine surfaces     

Marie-Luce Chevalier  George Hilley  Paul Tapponnier  Jérôme Van Der Woerd  Jing Liu-Zeng  Robert C. Finkel  Frederick J. Ryerson  Haibing Li  Xiaohan Liu 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2011,30(5-6):528-554

This contribution provides new constraints on the timing of Tibetan glacial recessions recorded by the abandonment of moraines. We present cosmogenic radionuclide ¹⁰Be inventories at 17 sites in southern and western Tibet (32 crests, 249 samples) and infer the range of permissible emplacement ages based on these analyses. Individual large embedded rock and boulder samples were collected from the crests of moraine surfaces and analyzed for ¹⁰Be abundance. We consider two scenarios to interpret the age of glacial recession leading to the moraine surface formation from these sample exposure ages: 1) Erosion of the moraine surface is insignificant and so the emplacement age of the moraines is reflected by the mean sample age; and 2) Erosion progressively exposes large boulders with little prior exposure, and so the oldest sample age records the minimum moraine emplacement age. We found that depending on the scenario chosen, the moraine emplacement age can vary by > 50% for ～100 ka-old samples. We consider two scaling models for estimating the production rates of ¹⁰Be in Tibet, which has an important, although lesser, effect on inferred moraine ages. While the data presented herein effectively increase the database of sample exposure ages from Tibet by ～20%, we find that uncertainties related to the interpretation of the ¹⁰Be abundance within individual samples in terms of moraine emplacement ages are sufficient to accommodate either a view in which glacial advances are associated with temperature minima or precipitation maxima that are recorded by independent paleoclimate proxies. A reanalysis of published data from moraines throughout Tibet shows that the variation we observe is not unique to our dataset but rather is a robust feature of the Tibetan moraine age database. Thus, when viewed in a similar way with other samples collected from this area, uncertainties within moraine exposure ages obscure attribution of Tibetan glacial advances to temperature minima or precipitation maxima. Our work suggests that more reliable chronologies of Tibetan glaciations will come from improvements in production rate models for this portion of the world, as well as a better understanding of the processes that form and modify these geomorphic surfaces.  相似文献   

Co-seismic and cumulative offsets of the recent earthquakes along the Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault in western Tibet   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Haibing Li  Jérôme Van der WoerdZhiming Sun  Jialiang Si  Paul Tapponnier  Jiawei Pan  Dongliang Liu  Marie-Luce Chevalier 《Gondwana Research》2012,21(1):64-87

The 400 km-long Karakax left-lateral strike-slip fault is the westernmost segment of the Altyn Tagh fault. It separates northwestern Tibet to the south from the Tarim basin to the north. The western section of the Karakax fault exhibits clear co-seismic surface ruptures of past large earthquakes. Geomorphic offset measurements from the field and high-resolution Ikonos images along 1.5 km across the Sanshiliyingfang fan and along 55 km of the fault, range from 3 to 28 m, with distinct clusters at 6 ± 2(3), 14 ± 2, 19 ± 2 and 24 ± 3 m. The cluster of the smallest offsets around 6 m (full range from 3 to 10 m) distributed over a minimum length of 55 km, is attributed to the last largest surface rupturing event that testifies of the occurrence of a magnitude Mw 7.4-7.6 earthquake along the Karakax fault. We interpret the other offset clusters as the possible repetition of similarly sized events thus favoring a characteristic slip model for the Karakax fault. In a 3 m-deep trench dug across the active trace of the fault we can identify the main rupture strands of the last and penultimate events. The penultimate event horizon, a silty-sand layer, has been radiocarbon dated at 975-1020 AD (AMS ¹⁴C age). It is proposed that large Mw 7.4-7.6 events with co-seismic slip of about 6 m rupture the Karakax fault with a return time of about 900 years implying an average slip-rate of about 6-7 mm/years during the late Holocene. These results suggest that the Karakax fault is the largest left-lateral strike-slip fault at the rim of northwestern Tibet accommodating eastward movement of Tibet due to the India-Eurasia collision.  相似文献   

Large earthquake‐triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation,Beijing, North China     

Dechen Su  Xiufu Qiao  Aiping Sun  Haibing Li  Ian D. Somerville 《Geological Journal》2014,49(1):69-89

Ten well‐preserved, earthquake‐triggered liquefaction mounds and a carbonate sand volcano have been found in the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation (1550–1400 Ma) in the Beijing area, North China. These features crop out in a roadcut near Zhuanghuwa Village. All ten mounds occur in the same sedimentary layer and have rounded shapes with some concentric and radial fissures arising from the centre. They range from 1.5 to 4 m in diameter and from 10 cm to 30 cm in height. The carbonate sand volcano has a diameter of 110 cm and the ‘crater’ at the top has a depth of about 30 cm. Associated with these mounds and the sand volcano are many ‘normal’ sedimentary structures and numerous soft‐sediment deformation structures. The former include ripple marks, cross‐bedding, stromatolites and desiccation cracks, indicating deposition in a stable shallow‐water peritidal platform environment. The latter include intrastratal faults and folds, seismically formed breccias and carbonate clastic dykes. The morphological features and the genesis of these liquefaction mounds are very similar to mounds formed recently by the great Wenchuan Earthquake of China (2008). Detailed thin‐section study of the mounds found no signs of any kind of biological constructional process; instead it reveals some obvious fluidification and liquefaction characteristics. Comparative studies have shown that these features are probably the products of Mesoproterozoic earthquake activity. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献