Numerieal prediction of storm surge in the Qingdao area under the impact of climate change     

Jianlong Feng  Wensheng Jiang  Changwei Bian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(4):539-551

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie (8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie (8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie (8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature (SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future (the end of the 21st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie (8509) was also estimated in this study.  相似文献   

The potential of ocean acidification on suppressing larval development in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and blood cockle Arca inflata Reeve     

李加琦  蒋增杰  张继红  毛玉泽  卞大鹏  方建光 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2014,32(6):1307-1313

We evaluated the effect of pH on larval development in larval Pacific oyster （Crassostrea gigas） and blood cockle （Arca inflata Reeve）. The larvae were reared at pH 8.2 （control）, 7.9, 7.6, or 7.3 beginning 30 min or 24 h post fertilization. Exposure to lower pH during early embryonic development inhibited larval shell formation in both species. Compared with the control, larvae took longer to reach the D-veliger stage when reared under pH 7.6 and 7.3. Exposure to lower pH immediately after fertilization resulted in significantly delayed shell formation in the Pacific oyster larvae at pH 7.3 and blood cockle larvae at pH 7.6 and 7.3. However, when exposure was delayed until 24 h post fertilization, shell formation was only inhibited in blood cockle larvae reared at pH 7.3. Thus, the early embryonic stages were more sensitive to acidified conditions. Our results suggest that ocean acidification will have an adverse effect on embryonic development in bivalves. Although the effects appear subtle, they may accumulate and lead to subsequent issues during later larval development.  相似文献   

基于GIS和RS的西藏森林火险等级计算方法     

林志强  马艳鲜  德庆  边多 《气象科技》2014,42(6):1147-1153

基于遥感技术(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS),利用由基于DEM演算的地面最高温度、最小相对湿度和最大风速等格点化气象要素,FY2静止气象卫星逐日降水反演产品和AVHRR积雪监测产品计算网格森林火险天气等级,结合由植被类型、NDVI、地形要素和公路、人口聚居地等要素评估的森林火险风险等级,综合计算得到网格化的西藏森林火险等级。该项业务程序基于MeteoInfo组件建立,能够实现全自动化业务运行。对于森林火灾事件,通过与基于气象站的森林火险天气等级相比,该方法的准确性更高,能为西藏林区森林防火工作提供有效参考。  相似文献   

气象要素对太阳能电池板温度的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

潘进军  申彦波  边泽强  王香云 《应用气象学报》2014,25(2):150-157

温度升高会引起光伏电池发电效率下降,电池板温度是确定温度折减系数的必要条件,目前我国尚没有充足的外场实测电池板温度数据。该文基于北京南郊太阳能试验站2010年全年逐时电池板温度、气温、地表温度、斜面和水平辐照度实测数据,分析了电池板温度随时间的变化及其与各气象要素的关系。结果表明:电池板温度与气温和斜面辐照度的综合相关或与地表温度的线性相关最好,但实测数据不易获得;电池板温度与气温的线性相关较好,数据较易获得且质量有保证,从现实可行性考虑,是推算电池板温度最实用的相关方程;电池板温度与气温和水平辐照度的综合相关可以作为辅助方程,用于推算气温较高情况下的电池板温度。基于2010年电池板温度实测数据和加权计算的方法,得到北京地区年平均光伏发电温度折减系数约为2%,最高可达到13.3%。  相似文献   

Adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed under the influence of tannic acid     

Tao Wang  Xin Jiang  Congying Wang  Fang Wang  Yongrong Bian  Guifen Yu 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(2):773-782

Although there has been substantial research done on adsorption of metals/metalloids by Al (oxy)hydroxides, little is known regarding the adsorption of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on Al (oxy)hydroxides, especially those formed in the presence of organic acid. This paper investigated the adsorption of phenanthrene on Al (oxy)hydroxides formed with initial tannate/Al molar ratios (MRs) 0, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 (referred to MR0, MR0.001, MR0.01, and MR0.1, respectively) through batch adsorption experiments and FTIR study. The results showed that Al (oxy)hydroxides were important sorbents for phenanthrene. The adsorption kinetic data were fitted well with the pseudo-second-order equation. According to a modified Freundlich model, the adsorption capacities of Al (oxy)hydroxides followed a descending order of MR0.1 > MR0 ≥ MR0.01 > MR0.001, which was inconsistent with the organic carbon content in the Al (oxy)hydroxides. Adsorption capacity correlated with the specific surface area, micropore area, and micropore diameter of Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet the relationships were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). FTIR results showed that physical interaction was essential in phenanthrene adsorption onto the Al (oxy)hydroxides, which could be explained by an entropy-driven process. Surface hydrophobicity of Al (oxy)hydroxides played a key role in phenanthrene adsorption. Additional π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction of phenanthrene (acting as electron donor) with aromatic ring of tannic acid (electron acceptor) could be also important in phenanthrene adsorption by high MR Al (oxy)hydroxides, yet it needs further study. The findings obtained in the present study are of fundamental significance in understanding the mechanism of immobilization of PAHs in low organic matter but oxide-rich soils.  相似文献   

“双碳”目标下全域土地综合整治的学理研究与实践路径     

李寒冰  金晓斌  韩博  徐伟义  周寅康 《地理研究》2022,41(12):3164-3182

全域土地综合整治作为优化乡村国土空间的重要实践活动,既是人为土地利用的重要碳源之一,也对缓解土地利用碳排放具有积极作用。为解析其与“双碳”目标的互馈机制与耦合关系,剖析其对实现“双碳”目标的贡献作用,提出全域土地综合整治碳效应的学理研究问题与实践应用路径。结果表明：① 与传统土地整治相比,全域土地综合整治具有更强的战略性、综合性和系统性,作为面向全要素全空间的土地实践活动,其价值导向和实践方式更多元,与“双碳”目标联系更密切,固碳减排可操作性更强;② 基于文献计量研究发现,面向“双碳”目标的全域土地综合整治应在碳效应影响因素解析、碳核算体系构建、空间布局优化等方面开展学理研究和关键问题探索;③ 研究提出了综合规划引领、工程建设和建后管护的实践应用路径,全域土地综合整治通过调整技术方法体系、优化规划编制和实施等各环节,对实现“双碳”目标具有重要推动作用。研究为面向“双碳”目标的全域土地综合整治提供理论研究视角和实践参考,为全域土地综合整治助力“双碳”目标实现提供借鉴。  相似文献   

Black hole masses in narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

W. Bian  Y. Zhao 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2004,352(3):823-827

  相似文献   

Analysis of the microseismicity characteristics in landslide dam failure flume tests: implications for early warning and dynamics inversion     

Yang  Yunpeng  Chen  Guan  Meng  Xingmin  Bian  Shiqiang  Chong  Yan  Shi  Wei  Jiang  Wanyu  Jin  Jiacheng  Li  Chen  Mu  Xinliang  Yue  Dongxia 《Landslides》2022,19(4):789-808

Landslides - Determining the premonitory and dynamic characteristics of landslide dam failures can provide an early warning as well the identification of the evolution of the failure process, and...  相似文献   

Rainfall intensity and inflow rate effects on hillslope soil erosion in the Mollisol region of Northeast China   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Leilei Wen  Fenli Zheng  Haiou Shen  Feng Bian  Yiliang Jiang 《Natural Hazards》2015,79(1):381-395

  相似文献   

中国地球气候系统模式的发展及其模拟和预估   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

周天军  陈梓明  邹立维  陈晓龙  俞永强  王斌  包庆  鲍颖  曹剑  何编  胡帅  李立娟  李建  林岩銮  马利斌  乔方利  容新尧  宋振亚  唐彦丽  吴波  吴统文  辛晓歌  张贺  张明华 《气象学报》2020,78(3):332-350

地球气候系统模式是开展多学科、多圈层集成研究的重要平台,其发展是国际地学领域特别是全球变化领域竞争的前沿。中国的地球气候系统模式研发工作始于20世纪80年代,最近10年得到快速发展。研发格局上已经形成中国科学院、有关部委和高校三足鼎立的局面。文中在简要回顾中国地球气候系统模式早期发展历史的基础上,总结了中国参加第6次耦合模式比较计划的9个地球气候系统模式的技术特点,初步评估了中国4个模式对全球和东亚气候模拟的基本性能,分析了其在4种共享社会经济路径情景下对全球降水与温度的预估变化及其与平衡态气候敏感度的联系。最后,结合国际态势,从发展的角度提出未来中国气候模式研发工作需要加强的8个方向。   相似文献