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11.
基于EVI的中国最近10 a植被覆盖变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对2000—2009年增强型植被指数(EVI)数据的分析发现:在过去的10 a里,中国的植被覆盖度明显增加,植被活动在增强。植被覆盖的年变化和季节变化特征如下:(1)10 a来植被覆盖地区的面积呈增加趋势,植被稀少地区的面积呈减少趋势;(2)无论是植被覆盖区还是全国平均,单位面积EVI年平均值都呈增加趋势;(3)在生长季节(夏季、春季)植被活动增加更明显,EVI增加速率按季节排列如下:夏季春季秋季冬季。植被覆盖的空间变化特征显示,尽管总体上中国植被覆盖呈增加趋势,但存在空间异质性。结合同期的温度、降水和森林资源清查数据,从两个方面初步解释了植被覆盖度增加的原因,即:温度的上升和春季降水量的增加;近年来中国开展的大型林业生态建设工程。 相似文献
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The accurate and precise determination of Li isotopic composition by MC‐ICP‐MS suffers from the poor performance of traditional column chromatography. Previously established chromatographic processes cannot completely remove Na in complex geological samples, which is currently interpreted to be a result of Na breakthrough. In this study, Na breakthrough during single‐column purification was found to differ between simply artificial Na‐containing sample solutions, where a little Na residue was found, and silicate rocks, where a large amount of breakthrough occurred. A revised two‐step column purification for Li using 0.5 and 0.3 mol l?1 HCl as eluents was designed to remove the Na. This modified method achieves high‐efficiency Li purification from Na and consequently avoiding high Na/Li ratio interference for subsequent MC‐ICP‐MS analyses. The proposed method was validated by the analysis of a series of reference materials, including Li2CO3 (IRMM‐016, ‐0.10‰), basalt (BCR‐2: 2.68‰; BHVO‐2: 4.39‰), andesite (AGV‐2: 6.46‰; RGM‐2: 2.59‰), granodiorite (GSP‐2: ?0.87‰) and seawater (CASS‐5, 30.88‰). This work reports early Na appearance prior to the elution curves in chromatography and emphasises its influence for subsequent Li isotope measurement. Based on the findings, the established two‐step method would be more secure than single‐column chemistry for Li purification. 相似文献
13.
Selenium isotopes trace the source and redox processes in the black shale-hosted Se-rich deposits in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We analyzed the Se isotopic composition of black shales and related kerogen and sulfide fractions from the Zunyi Ni-Mo-Se deposit, the La’erma Se-Au deposit and the Yutangba Se deposit in southern China to constrain metal sources and accumulation processes, both subjects of disagreement in the scientific community. Se at the Zunyi Ni-Mo-Se polymetallic deposit displayed a restricted range of δ82Se values (−1.6‰ to 2.4‰ with a mean of 0.6‰) suggesting a major hydrothermal origin where aqueous Se was probably transported as H2Se, along with H2S, and precipitated directly as selenides or in sulfides. Se at the La’erma Se-Au deposit covers a larger range in δ82Se values (−3.8‰ to 5.4‰ with a mean of 0.3‰), suggesting Se redistribution following redox transformations, leading to kinetic isotopic fractionation. The largest Se isotopic variation so far in natural terrestrial samples was found in the Yutangba Se deposit, with δ82Se values varying from −12.77‰ to 4.93‰. On the basis of variations in Se isotopes in the deposit, along with other geological and geochemical evidence, the “redox model” (supergene alteration) explains the occurrence of native Se in the deposit. Overall, hydrothermal systems may be a potentially important Se source to form economic deposits in comparison to seawater sources. Significantly, our study indicates that either secondary hydrothermal or supergene alteration is a key factor in Se enrichment in black shales. Redistribution of Se, and probably other redox-sensitive metals like Mo, Cr and V, leads to isotopic fractionation which may be used to fingerprint such alteration/precipitation processes. 相似文献
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MD06-3050岩芯位于西非律宾海吕宋岛以东本哈姆高原,利用钙质超微化石下透光带种属Florisphaera profunda占总颗石的相对卡度,恢复了中更新世以来该海区的上层水体结构演化特征.结果显示,西菲律宾海区自1040ka以来,温跃层/营养跃层经历了由浅-深-浅-深的长周期变动.可能是由于全球碳库的长周期变化... 相似文献
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基于区域气候模式RegCM4.0(Regional Climate Model 4.0),分别选取BATS(Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme)和CLM(Community Land Model)陆面方案,对2001-2005年中国的气候状况进行模拟,并将模拟结果与CRU(Climatic Research Unit)及GPCP(Global Precipitation Climatology Project)降水资料进行对比,研究不同陆面方案对降水模拟的影响。结果表明:在两种陆面方案下,区域气候模式均较合理地模拟出了中国降水的空间分布、时间变化;模拟降水对陆面方案敏感,RegCM_BATS总体上表现为正偏差,在东北区域的模拟偏差较大;RegCM_CLM表现为负偏差,在长江以南区域的模拟偏差较大;模拟结果的偏差在夏季较大,冬季较小;两模式模拟结果间的差异在空间上由东南向西北减少;两模式均较准确地模拟了不同强度降水出现频率的分布形势,总体上RegCM_CLM模拟低强度降水偏多;高强度降水偏少,而RegCM_BATS模拟低强度降水偏少,高强度降水偏多;不同陆面方案对地表蒸发量以及地表潜热通量模拟的差异是导致模拟降水差异的主要原因,夏季地表蒸发对降水的影响较冬季更强;水汽平流输送对两模式模拟降水差异的影响较小。 相似文献
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1.IntroductionWindprofilewiththerelevantlow--leveljet(LLJ)isoneofthemostimportantfactorsthatcharacterizethestructureoftheatmosphericboundarylayer.TheLLJswerereportedinEurope(SladkovicandKanter,1977;Krausetal.,1985),Africa(Anderson,1976;Hart,etal.,1978),NorthAmerica(Stull,1988;Arrittetal.,1997),Australia(MalcherandKraus,1983;Garratt,1985)andEastAsia(Wangetal.,1996;ChenandHsu,1997).DifferentinvestigatorsuseddifferentcriteriaforidentifyingtheLLJs.SomerequiredwindspeedgreaterthanaParti… 相似文献
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银厂坡银矿床碳酸盐化蚀变作用与银的矿化富集在空间上紧密相伴,这种蚀变作用导致矿石与围岩中组分有明显差异。本文通过定量计算阐明组分之间的迁移方向;计算表明在银的原生富集过程中,常量组分的带入与带出最不明显;而微量组分Ａｇ和Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｇｅ带入围岩明显。在银的次生富集过程表现为Ａｇ和Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｃｄ、Ｇａ、Ｇｅ、ＲＥＥ、ＡｌＯ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、ＭｎＯ、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｐ２Ｏ５的强烈带入,以Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３、Ｋ２Ｏ、Ｐ２Ｏ５带入强度最大,这是由于ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ被淋滤,体积亏损造成强烈带入的假象,而Ａｓ、Ｓｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ为自围岩中带出组分,以ＣａＯ、ＭｇＯ带出强度最大。ＲＥＥ除原生富集的弱蚀变白岩→矿化白云岩表现为带出外,其余原富集过程均表现为带入围岩。造成组分发生迁 相似文献
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对于短期气候时间尺度预报来说, 短期内尚无有效方法提高数值预报产品精度, 建立一种能综合有效利用全场信息的非线性释用方法, 通过统计释用提高短期气候的预报准确率, 是一条可行的途径。通过CCA-BP法建立的典型因子, 可以代表因子场与站点预报要素之间的大部分协方差关系, 使因子与站点要素相关性大为提高, 进而通过神经网络技术 (BPNN) 建立非线性预报模型, 实现上述目标。以平潭、福州站10月旬平均温度、降水距平百分率预报为例, 分别使用CCA-BP-BPNN模型和插值模型对1983-2001年资料建立预报方程, 对2002-2005年的试报结果表明:解释预报对数值预报产品做了较大修正,使预报产品具有一定的使用意义及参考价值。从各项评价指标来看,CCA-BP-BPNN模型优于插值模型。该方法为提高短期气候数值预报产品的释用精度提供了一个值得参考的途径。 相似文献
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The Bancun diabase dyke and the Bali hornblende gabbro dyke in western Fujian Province were emplaced in the Early and Late Cretaceous periods, respectively; the former is designated to calc-alkaline series and the latter to K-high-calc-alkaline rock series. Both the dykes are characterized by such geochemical characteristics as high Al and Na2O>K2O. As for the Bancun dyke, Al2O3=16.32%–17.54% and K2O/Na2O=0.65–0.77; as for the Bali dyke, Al2O3=16.89%–17.81% and K2O/Na2O=0.93–0.99. Both the Bancun and Bali mafic dykes are relatively enriched in LILE and LREE, but depleted in HSFE, displaying the geochemical characteristics of continental marginal arc, with high initial Sr isotopic ratios and low εNd (t) values. The (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of the Bancun diabase dyke are within the range of 0.708556–0.70903 and their εNd (t) values vary between -6.8 and -6.3; those of the Bali hornblende dyke are within the range of 0.710726–0.710746 and their εNd (t) values are -4.7– -4.9, showing the characteristics of enriched mantle EM II. The isotope and trace element data showed that the mafic dykes have not experienced obvious crustal contamination, and metasomatism caused by subduction fluids is the main factor leading to LILE and LREE enrichments. The enriched mantle is the source region for the mafic dykes, and mixing of subduction fluid metasomatized enriched mantle and EM II-type mantle constituted the mantle source region of both the Bancun and Bali mafic dykes. Upwelling of the asthenosphere mantle provided sufficient heat energy for the generation of magmas. In accordance with the discrimination diagram of their tectonic settings as well as their trace element geochemical characteristics, it is considered that the dykes both at Bancun and Bali possess the characteristics of continental marginal arc, revealing the tectonic environment of formation of the mafic dykes, the continental dynamic background as an intraplate tensional belt in which the mafic dykes were emplaced. Meanwhile, it is also indicated that the tensional tectonic stress mechanism is responsible for the formation of the mafic dykes in western Fujian Province. 相似文献
20.