Uncovering unnoticed small-scale tsunamis: field survey in Lombok,Indonesia, following the 2018 earthquakes     

Tsimopoulou  Vana  Mikami  Takahito  Hossain  Tajnova Tanha  Takagi  Hiroshi  Esteban  Miguel  Utama  Nuki Agya 《Natural Hazards》2020,103(2):2045-2070

Natural Hazards - In 2018, Lombok island, Indonesia, was hit by a series of destructive earthquakes that caused thousands of casualties and widespread material damage. In response to those events,...  相似文献   

Occurrence of Two Distinct Types of Tissue Inhibitors of Metallo-proteinases-2 in Fugu rubripes     

Yoshihiro Yokoyama Hiroshi Tsukamoto Tohru Suzuki Shohshi Mizuta Reiji Yoshinaka 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):214-218

In this study, genes of two distinct tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases-2 （TIMP-2） from Japanese puffer fish Fugu rubripes, Fugu TIMP-2a and TIMP-2b, were cloned. The open reading frames of Fugu TIMP-2a and TIMP-2b cDNAs are composed of 660 and 657 nucleotides and 220 and 219 amino acids, respectively. Both Fugu TIMP-2s contain 12 cysteine residues, which might form six disulfide bonds as in other animals＇ TIMP-2s. Reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction analysis showed the mRNAs of Fugu TIMP-2a and TIMP-2b to be expressed in some tissues examined with different expression patterns. These findings suggest that the two distinct Fugu TIMP-2s might perform different functions in Fugu tissues.  相似文献   

Actual seismic response controlled building with semi-active damper system     

Narito Kurata  Takuji Kobori  Motoichi Takahashi  Naoki Niwa  Hiroshi Midorikawa 《地震工程与结构动力学》1999,28(11):1427-1447

This paper presents the first application of a semi-active damper system to an actual building. The Semi-active Hydraulic Damper (SHD) can produce a maximum damping force of 1000 kN with an electric power of 70 W. It is compact, so a large number of them can be installed in a single building. It is thus possible to control the building's response during a severe earthquake, because a large control force is obtained in comparison with a conventional active control system. This paper outlines the building, the control system configuration, the SHD, the control method using a Linear Quadratic Regulator, the response analysis results of the controlled building, and the dynamic loading test results of the actual SHD. The simulation analysis shows that damage to buildings can be prevented in a severe earthquake by SHD control. The dynamic loading test results of the SHD are reported, which show that the specified design values were obtained in the basic characteristic test. The control performance test using simulated response time histories, also shows that the damping force agrees well with the command. Finally, it is confirmed that the semi-active damper system applied to an actual building effectively controls its response in severe earthquakes. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.  相似文献   

High‐mass resolution molecular imaging of organic compounds on the surface of Murchison meteorite     

Minako Hashiguchi  Hiroshi Naraoka 《Meteoritics & planetary science》2019,54(2):452-468

High‐resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) imaging by desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) coupled with Orbitrap MS using methanol (MeOH) spray was performed on a fragment of the Murchison (CM2) meteorite in this study. Homologues of C_nH_2n–1N₂⁺ (n = 7–9) and C_nH_2nNO⁺ (n = 9–14) were detected on the sample surface by the imaging. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/HRMS analysis of MeOH extracts from the sample surface after DESI/HRMS imaging indicated that the C_nH_2n–1N₂⁺ homologues corresponds to alkylimidazole, and that a few isomers of the C_nH_2nNO⁺ homologues present in the sample. The alkylimidazoles and C_nH_2nNO⁺ homologues displayed different spatial distributions on the surface of the Murchison fragment, indicating chromatographic separation effects during aqueous alteration. Moreover, the distribution pattern of compounds is also different among homologues. This is probably also resulting from the separation of isomers by similar chromatographic effects, or different synthetic pathways. Alkylimidazoles and the C_nH_2nNO⁺ homologues are mainly distributed in the matrix region of the Murchison by mineralogical observations, which is consistent with previous reports. Altered minerals (e.g., Fe‐oxide, Fe‐sulfide, and carbonates) occurred in this region. However, no clear relationship was found between these minerals and the organic compounds detected by DESI/HRMS imaging. Although this result might be due to scale differences between the spatial resolution of DESI/HRMS imaging and the grain size in the matrix of the Murchison, our results would indicate that alkylimidazoles and the C_nH_2nNO⁺ homologues in the Murchison fragment were mainly synthesized by different processes from hydrothermal alteration on the parent body.  相似文献   

Evaluating metrics derived from Landsat 8 OLI imagery to map crop cover     

Rei Sonobe  Yuki Yamaya  Hiroshi Tani  Xiufeng Wang  Nobuyuki Kobayashi  Kan-ichiro Mochizuki 《国际地球制图》2019,34(8):839-855

Developing techniques are required to generate agricultural land cover maps to monitor agricultural fields. Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) offers reflectance data over the visible to shortwave-infrared range. OLI offers several advantages, such as adequate spatial and spectral resolution, and 16 day repeat coverage, furthermore, spectral indices derived from Landsat 8 OLI possess great potential for evaluating the status of vegetation. Additionally, classification algorithms are essential for generating accurate maps. Recently, multi-Grained Cascade Forest, which is also called deep forest, was proposed, and it was shown to give highly competitive performance for classification. However, the ability of this algorithm to generate crop maps with satellite data had not yet been evaluated. In this study, the reflectance at 7 bands and 57 spectral indices calculated from Landsat 8 OLI data were evaluated for its potential for crop type identification.  相似文献   

Origin and fate of particulate organic matter in the southern Beaufort Sea – Amundsen Gulf region,Canadian Arctic     

Cédric Magen  Gwénaëlle Chaillou  Sean A. Crowe  Alfonso Mucci  Bjørn Sundby  Aiguo Gao  Ryosuke Makabe  Hiroshi Sasaki 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

To establish the relative importance of terrigenous and marine organic matter in the southern Beaufort Sea, we measured the concentrations and the stable isotopic compositions of organic carbon and total nitrogen in sediments and in settling particles intercepted by sediment traps. The organic carbon content of surface sediment in the Chukchi and southern Beaufort Seas ranged from 0.6 to 1.6% dry wt., without a clear geographical pattern. The C_ORG:N_TOT ratio ranged from 7.0 to 10.4 and did not vary significantly downcore at any one station. Values of δ¹³C_ORG and δ¹⁵N_TOT in the sediment samples were strongly correlated, with the highest values, indicative of a more marine contribution, in the Amundsen Gulf. In contrast, the organic matter content, elemental (C_ORG:N_TOT ratio) and isotopic (δ¹³C_ORG and δ¹⁵N_TOT) composition of the settling particles was different from and much more variable than in the bottom sediments. The isotopic signature of organic matter in the Beaufort Sea is well constrained by three distinct end-members: a labile marine component produced in situ by planktonic organisms, a refractory marine component, the end product of respiration and diagenesis, and a refractory terrigenous component. A three-component mixing model explains the scatter observed in the stable isotope signatures of the sediment trap samples and accommodates an apparent two-component mixing model of the organic matter in sediments. The suspended matter in the water column contains organic matter varying from essentially labile and marine to mostly refractory and terrigenous. As it settles through the water column, the labile marine organic matter is degraded, and its original stable isotope signature changes towards the signature of the marine refractory component. This process continues in the bottom sediment with the result that the sedimentary organic matter becomes dominated by the refractory terrigenous and marine components.  相似文献   

Observation of the abyssal current in the West Mariana Basin   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Noriya Yoshioka  Masahiro Endoh  Hiroshi Ishizaki 《Journal of Oceanography》1988,44(1):33-39

In order to investigate long-term variations of deep sea currents and temperature in the western North Pacific, a direct current measurement was made at 12.5°N, 137°E from July 1985 to July 1986. The current meter was moored at a depth of about 4,000 m (bottom depth 4,604 m) in the West Mariana Basin, very close to the deep water passage to the North Pacific Basin. Throughout the observed period, the current flows southward with an average speed of 0.8 cm sec^–1. There are significant variations of both currents and temperature within the period of 60 days. For the shorter time scales, in addition to the tidal oscillations with one day and half day periods, there is a notable spectral peak of the current with a clockwise rotation at a period of 2.2 days, which is slightly shorter than the local inertial period of 2.3 days.The observed southward current seems to indicate that the deep sea water in the West Mariana Basin flows out through the sill which is deeper than 4,000 m and is located about 200 km southeast of the mooring point. A simple analysis of the linear plane wave indicates that the medium time-scale variation with a period of 60 days is associated with the barotropic Rossby wave whose wavelength is 390 km and whose trough direction is 30° clockwise from the north.  相似文献   

Direct measurements of mid-depth circulation in the Shikoku basin by tracking SOFAR floats   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Keisuke Taira  Shoji Kitagawa  Katsuto Uehara  Hiroshi Ichikawa  Hiroyuki Hachiya  Toshihiko Teramoto 《Journal of Oceanography》1990,46(6):296-306

Mid-depth circulation of the Shikoku Basin was measured by tracking four SOFAR floats drifting at the 1,500 m layer. Two floats were released on 17 April 1988 at 30°N, 135°59E and tracked for 433 days. Another two were released on 3 November 1988 at 29°52N and 133°25E, and tracked for 234 days. Two floats flowed clockwise around the Shikoku Warm Water Mass with a diameter of 400 km centered at 31°N and 136°E and a mean drift speed of 4.5 cm sec^–1. One of the floats showed about ten counterclockwise rotations with a period of about 8 days and a maximum speed of 80 cm sec^–1 in the sea area west to the Izu Ridge. In the east to Kyushu, a southward flow was observed under the northward flowing Kuroshio. The southward flow of 4 cm sec^–1 drift speed was considered to be a part of the counterclockwise circulation at deep layers along the perimeter of the Shikoku Basin. One float remained for 234 days in a limited area of 100 km by 150 km in the western part of the basin.  相似文献   

真鲷脂蛋白脂肪酶基因顺式元件PPRE及在肝脏活体调控作用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

梁旭方  李月琴  李贵生  白俊杰  劳海华  Hiromi Oku  Hiroshi Y.OGATA 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(4):49-55

从血液提取总DNA并构建基因组文库,克隆海水鱼真鲷(Pagrosomusmajor)脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)基因5′侧翼区序列,再通过竞争性聚合酶链式反应(PCR)方法,定量研究饲料中添加不同饱和度脂肪酸对其肝脏LPL基因mRNA表达水平的影响。结果表明,真鲷LPL基因5′侧翼区序列中存在顺式元件过氧化物酶体增殖物反应元件,其序列为TGAAGA TGACAT,与TATA(CATAA)盒序列相隔211bp;与喂饲料对照组比较,添加10%油酸可增加真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达水平,但差异并不显著(p>0.05)。用亚油酸或n 3高不饱和脂肪酸混合物取代添加油酸的一半(占饲料添加量的5%)后,导致真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达水平升高并出现显著性变化(p<0.05)。对真鲷肝脏LPL基因诱导表达随饲料中的脂肪酸不饱和度增加而增加,表明在活体条件下脂肪酸对真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达的诱导作用可能与脂肪酸的氧化代谢有关。n 3高不饱和脂肪酸通过过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体诱导真鲷肝脏LPL基因表达,使真鲷食物脂质供应水平与其肝脏脂肪酸氧化代谢强度调控偶联起来,可能是真鲷对高脂食物(特别是富含n 3高不饱和脂肪酸食物)的一种适应。  相似文献   

Analytical expansions of torque-free motions for short and long axis modes     

Hiroshi Kinoshita 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》1992,53(4):365-375

Torque-free motion of a rigid body is integrable and its solution is expressed in terms of elliptic functions and elliptic integrals. The conventional analytical expression of the solution, however, is complicated and not suitable for hand-calculation. Recently the rotational motions of small celestial bodies in the solar system are frequently investigated by numerically integrating the equations of motion instead of using the analytical solution, since the numerical evaluation of the analytical and exact solution is a little bit difficult. As the observational accuracy of the rotational motions of the small bodies in the solar system is quite low, what we need for the reduction of these observations are rough estimates of the period of Eulerian motion ( or the free precession period) and the amplitudes of the main periodic terms. Here we give simple analytical expansions of torque-free motions for short- and long-axis modes, which are correct up to the second-order of a small parameter. These expressions include only trigonometric functions and are easily evaluated by hand calculation for estimates of the essential quantities from which we can determine a global rotational motion of the torque-free motion. They can also be used as the zero-th order solution in a perturbation method, when the motion is perturbed by external torques.  相似文献