The 2010 European Venus Explorer (EVE) mission proposal     

Colin Frank Wilson  Eric Chassefière  Emmanuel Hinglais  Kevin H. Baines  Tibor S. Balint  Jean-Jacques Berthelier  Jacques Blamont  Georges Durry  Csaba S. Ferencz  Robert E. Grimm  Takeshi Imamura  Jean-Luc Josset  Fran?ois Leblanc  Sebastien Lebonnois  Johannes J. Leitner  Sanjay S. Limaye  Bernard Marty  Ernesto Palomba  Sergei V. Pogrebenko  Scot C. R. Rafkin  Dean L. Talboys  Rainer Wieler  Liudmila V. Zasova  Cyrill Szopa 《Experimental Astronomy》2012,33(2-3):305-335

The European Venus Explorer (EVE) mission described in this paper was proposed in December 2010 to ESA as an ‘M-class’ mission under the Cosmic Vision programme. It consists of a single balloon platform floating in the middle of the main convective cloud layer of Venus at an altitude of 55?km, where temperatures and pressures are benign (～25°C and ～0.5 bar). The balloon float lifetime would be at least 10 Earth days, long enough to guarantee at least one full circumnavigation of the planet. This offers an ideal platform for the two main science goals of the mission: study of the current climate through detailed characterization of cloud-level atmosphere, and investigation of the formation and evolution of Venus, through careful measurement of noble gas isotopic abundances. These investigations would provide key data for comparative planetology of terrestrial planets in our solar system and beyond.  相似文献   

Relations quantitatives entre les craies à silex et les formations résiduelles à silex de l’ouest du bassin de Paris     

Benoît Laignel  Florence Quesnel  Robert Meyer  Jean-Jacques Macaire 《Geodinamica Acta》2013,26(4):171-181

Résumé

Depuis plus d’un siècle, l’origine autochtone ou allochtone des formations résiduelles à silex (en abrégé RS : résidus à silex) par rapport aux craies a fait l’objet de multiples discussions. Pour répondre à ce problème, un bilan d’altération entre ces deux formations a été effectué. Il repose sur une connaissance précise des âges des craies-mères des RS et sur des comparaisons granulométrique et chimique entre craie et RS. Ces comparaisons s’appuient sur les quantités de silex contenues dans les craies et les RS, sachant que les silex sont reconnus comme autochtones et que leur degré de dissolution est calculé. Les résultats apportent des informations sur l’évolution crétacée du Bassin anglo-parisien, avec la mise en évidence de la craie du Maastrichtien dans le bassin de Paris et la reconstitution des épaisseurs de craie dissoutes. De plus, ils indiquent que la stratigraphie des craies est conservée dans les profils de RS. Ils montrent également que les silex, éléments autochtones des RS, sont faiblement altérés. Les matrices des RS sont, quant à elles, en grande partie allochtones, notamment dans les dix mètres supérieurs de la formation. L’allochtonie diminue avec la profondeur, avec des RS pouvant être considérés comme des résidus d’altération de la craie au sens strict à partir de 20 mètres de profondeur. © Elsevier, Paris  相似文献   

Seismic records of late Pleistocene aridity in Lake Tanganyika,tropical East Africa   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Michael M. McGlue  Kiram E. Lezzar  Andrew S. Cohen  James M. Russell  Jean-Jacques Tiercelin  Anna A. Felton  Evelyne Mbede  Hudson H. Nkotagu 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2008,40(2):635-653

New intermediate-resolution, normal-incidence seismic reflection profiles from Lake Tanganyika’s central basin capture dramatic evidence of base-level change during two intervals of the late Pleistocene. Four seismically-defined stratigraphic sequences (A–D) tied to radiocarbon-dated sediment cores provide a chronology for fluctuating environmental conditions along the Kalya Platform. Stacked, oblique clinoforms in Sequence C are interpreted as prograding siliciclastic deltas deposited during a major regression that shifted the paleo-lake shore ∼21 km towards the west prior to ∼106 ka. The topset-to-foreset transitions in these deltas suggest lake level was reduced by ∼435 m during the period of deposition. Mounded reflections in the overlying sequence are interpreted as the backstepping remnants of the delta system, deposited during the termination of the lowstand and the onset of transgressive conditions in the basin. The youngest depositional sequence reflects the onset of profundal sedimentation during the lake level highstand. High amplitude reflections and deeply incised channels suggest a short-lived desiccation event that reduced lake level by ∼260 m, interpreted as a product of Last Glacial Maximum (32–14 ka) aridity. Paleobathymetric maps constructed for the two interpreted regressions reveal that despite the positive lake-floor topography created by the Kavala Island Ridge Accommodation Zone, Lake Tanganyika remained a large, mostly connected water body throughout the late Pleistocene. The results of this analysis further imply that Lake Tanganyika is the most drought resistant water body in the East African tropics, and may have acted as a refuge for local and migrating fauna during periods of prolonged aridity.  相似文献   

Methods for point source analysis in high energy neutrino telescopes     

Jim Braun  Jon Dumm  Francesco De Palma  Chad Finley  Albrecht Karle  Teresa Montaruli   《Astroparticle Physics》2008,29(4):299-305

Neutrino telescopes are moving steadily toward the goal of detecting astrophysical neutrinos from the most powerful galactic and extragalactic sources. Here we describe analysis methods to search for high energy point-like neutrino sources using detectors deep in the ice or sea. We simulate an ideal cubic kilometer detector based on real world performance of existing detectors such as AMANDA, IceCube, and ANTARES. An unbinned likelihood ratio method is applied, making use of the point spread function and energy distribution of simulated neutrino signal events to separate them from the background of atmospheric neutrinos produced by cosmic ray showers. The unbinned point source analyses are shown to perform better than binned searches and, depending on the source spectral index, the use of energy information is shown to improve discovery potential by almost a factor of two.  相似文献   

Descriptions of larvae of Merluccius australis,Macruronus magellanicus,and observations on a larva of Micromesistius australis from southern Chile (Pisces: Gadiformes)     

Fernando Balbontin  Flor Uribe  Rolando Bernal  Mauricio Braun 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(4):609-619

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Effects of macrophytes and terrestrial inputs on fluorescent dissolved organic matter in a large river system   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Jean-François Lapierre  Jean-Jacques Frenette 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(1):15-24

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Indirect and direct recharges in a tropical forested watershed: Mule Hole,India     

Jean-Christophe Maréchal  Murari R.R. Varma  Jean Riotte  Jean-Michel Vouillamoz  M.S. Mohan Kumar  Laurent Ruiz  M. Sekhar  Jean-Jacques Braun 《Journal of Hydrology》2009,364(3-4):272-284

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Denudation rates on cratonic landscapes: comparison between suspended and dissolved fluxes,and 10Be analysis in the Nyong and Sanaga River basins,south Cameroon          下载免费PDF全文

Vincent Regard  Sébastien Carretier  Jean‐Loup Boeglin  Jules‐Rémy Ndam Ngoupayou  Jean‐Guy Dzana  Jean‐Pierre Bedimo Bedimo  Jean Riotte  Jean‐Jacques Braun 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2016,41(12):1671-1683

South Cameroon is located in a tropical and tectonically quiescent region, with landscapes characterized by thick highly weathered regolith, indicative of the long‐term predominance of chemical weathering over erosion. Currently this region undergoes huge changes due to accelerated mutations related to a growing population and economical developments with associated needs and increasing pressures on land and natural resources. We analysed two of the main south Cameroon rivers: the Nyong River and Sanaga River. The Sanaga catchment undergoes a contrasted tropical climate from sub‐humid mountainous and humid climate and is impacted by deforestation, agriculture, damming, mining and urbanization, especially in the Mbam sub‐basin, draining the highly populated volcanic highlands. By contrast, the Nyong catchment, only under humid tropical climate, is preserved from anthropogenic disturbance with low population except in the region of Yaoundé (Méfou sub‐basin). Moreover the Nyong basin is dam‐free and less impacted by agriculture and logging. We explore both denudation temporal variability and the ratio between chemical and physical denudation through two catchment‐averaged erosion and denudation datasets. The first one consists of an 11‐year long gauging dataset, while the second one comes from cosmogenic radionuclides [CRNs, here beryllium‐10 (¹⁰Be)] from sand sampled in the river mainstreams (timescale of tens to hundreds of thousands of years). Modern fluxes estimated from gauging data range from 5 to 100 m/Ma (10 to 200 t/km²/yr); our calculations indicate that the usual relative contribution of chemical versus physical denudation is 60% and 40%, respectively, of the total denudation. Beryllium‐10 denudation rates and sediment fluxes range from 4.8 to 40.3 m/Ma or 13 to 109 t/km²/yr, respectively, after correction for quartz enrichment. These fluxes are slightly less than the modern fluxes observed in Cameroon and other stable tropical areas. The highest ¹⁰Be‐derived fluxes and the highest physical versus chemical denudation ratios are attributed to anthropogenic impact. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Loess and palaeosols on the High Terrace at Sierentz (France), and implications for the chronology of terrace formation in the Upper Rhine Graben     

Philippe Rentzel  Frank Preusser  Christine Pümpin  Jean-Jacques Wolf 《Swiss Journal of Geoscience》2009,102(3):387-401

Pedological investigations in combination with luminescence dating have been used to reconstruct the genesis and chronology of a sediment succession at Sierentz, France. The sequence comprises loess and palaeosols on top of gravel attributed to the High Terrace of River Rhine. According to the dating results, three phases of soil development occurred during different warm phases of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 7 (245–190 ka). Soil development on top of the gravel occurred either during early MIS 7 or during an earlier warm phase, possibly MIS 9. The results imply a minimum age of 250 ka for the formation of the High Terrace in this part of the Upper Rhine Graben, contrary to previous assumptions that correlated gravel sheet deposition with MIS 6 (ca. 150 ka). These results and recent findings at other sites suggest that the chronological setting of terrace formation north of the Alps is much more complex than previously assumed.  相似文献   

ESR/U-series chronology of the Lower Palaeolithic palaeoanthropological site of Visogliano, Trieste, Italy     

Christophe Falgures  Jean-Jacques Bahain  Carlo Tozzi  Giovanni Boschian  Jean-Michel Dolo  Norbert Mercier  Hlne Valladas  Yuji Yokoyama 《Quaternary Geochronology》2008,3(4):390-398

The Visogliano shelter, in north-eastern Italy, is an important Middle Pleistocene occupation site where human remains were found together with an archaic lithic industry, including choppers, chopping tools and a few protobifaces. It is of utmost importance to try to document this period, when a second wave of settlement colonised Western Europe, carrying new flaking techniques and tools.Combined ESR/U-series analyses, integrated with biostratigraphical and environmental data, define a chronological frame for the layers from which the artefacts were unearthed. The lower levels, including human remains, can be dated to the 350–500 kyr time span, in agreement with micromammal and stratigraphical studies.These data make Visogliano one of the oldest palaeoanthropological sites in Italy, where human remains are directly associated with protobifaces, choppers and chopping tools. In Western Europe, Visogliano is contemporaneous to the G soil of the Arago Cave, France, with which it shares several similarities in faunal assemblages and radiometric data, and which contains human remains also. These data make Visogliano as one of the oldest sites in Europe where the Acheulian culture is observed.  相似文献