Sketch of the geology of the Birmingham District: With special reference to the long excursion of 1898     

C. Lapworth  W.W. Watts  W. Jerome Harrison 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》1898,15(9):313-IN3

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Genetic structure of the reef grouper Epinephelus merra in the West Indian Ocean appears congruent with biogeographic and oceanographic boundaries          下载免费PDF全文

Delphine Muths  Emmanuel Tessier  Jerome Bourjea 《Marine Ecology》2015,36(3):447-461

The reef fauna connectivity of the West Indian Ocean (WIO) is one of the least studied globally. Here we use genetic analyses of the grouper Epinephelus merra (Bloch 1793) to determine patterns of connectivity and to identify barriers to dispersal in this WIO marine area. Phylogeographic and population‐level analyses were conducted on cytochrome b sequences and microsatellites (13 loci) from 557 individuals sampled in 15 localities distributed across the West Indian Ocean. Additional samples from the Pacific Ocean were used to benchmark the WIO population structure. The high level of divergence revealed between Indian and Pacific localities (of about 4.5% in sequences) might be the signature of the major tectonic and climatic changes operating at the Plio‐Pleistocene transition, congruently with numerous examples of Indo‐Pacific speciation. In comparison, the E. merra sequences from the Indian Ocean constitute a monophyletic clade with a low average genetic distance (d < 0.5%). However both genetic markers indicated some structure within this ocean. The main structure revealed was the isolation of the Maldives from the WIO localities (a different group signature identified by clustering analysis, great values of differentiation). Both marker types reveal further significant structure within the WIO, mainly the isolation of the Mascarene Islands (significant AMOVA and isolation‐by‐distance patterns) and some patchy structure between the northernmost localities and within the Mozambique Channel. The WIO genetic structure of E. merra appeared congruent with main biogeographic boundaries and oceanographic currents.  相似文献   

KAREN MORIN'S GENDERED “GEOGRAPHY”     

Jerome E. Dobson 《Geographical review》2012,102(4):541-544

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塔里木盆地中南部麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带变形特征及其意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

潘家伟  李海兵  孙知明  裴军令  司家亮  Laurie Barrier  邱祝礼  吴富峣  张丽军 《地质科学》2010,45(4):1038-1056

麻扎塔格地区地层、地貌及构造变形特征的研究,对于认识塔里木盆地新生代构造演化过程、塔里木—西昆仑的盆山耦合关系、新构造运动对塔里木油气资源分布的影响以及塔克拉玛干沙漠的气候、环境变化都具有重要意义。本文通过卫星照片解译、野外变形观察、剖面实测、地球物理资料解释等手段,对该地区晚新生代的构造特征进行了研究,确定了麻扎塔格构造带为典型的逆冲—褶皱带,并探讨了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带的构造指向、活动时限、隆升速率及缩短速率、东西方向的延伸等问题,取得如下认识:1)麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带为西昆仑山前陆褶皱冲断带的前缘部位,和田河气田就是处在逆冲前锋背斜顶部,晚新生代变形作用已明显地改造了塔里木盆地南部及中部的古生代和中生代构造,并促成了和田河气田的形成;2)麻扎塔格山在中新世末(约7 Ma)和中更新世(约780 ka B.P.)经历了两次构造隆升,后一次形成了麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带和麻扎塔格山现今的地貌特征;3)估算出麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带中更新世以来的隆升速率约为0.26～0.4 mm/a,缩短速率约为0.9 mm/a;4)认为麻扎塔格逆冲—褶皱带向西应与同属西昆仑山前褶皱—冲断带前缘的喀什背斜相连,东端的突然消失可能是由于东段和田河附近存在北东—南西向的走滑断层造成。  相似文献   

Crustal structure of northeastern Tibet inferred from receiver function analysis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱辉  姜枚  薛光琦  Jerome Vergne 《地震学报(英文版)》2001,14(1):107-113

Sponsored by National Science & Technology Committee, the cooperation between China Academy of Geoscience and Institute of Geophysics and Tectonics, University Joseph, France conducted a lithospherical experiment using 40 Minititan 3-component and 13 CEIS 1-component seismometers along the road from Gonghe to Yushu in Qinghai Province during 5 months after June, 1998. The interested area is on the north of Bangong- Nujiang fault, the east of Qaidam basin, the south of Center Qilian fault and the west of Longmenshan fault. And the profile across most tectonic parts of Eastern Tibet such as Southern Qilian, Eastern Kunlun fault, Bayan Har terrane, Jinshajiang suture (Figure 1), which is the first seismological profile across Eastern Tibet (Qinghai-Tibet) and will be beneficial on the comparison with the results of its center parts, especially on the understanding of the effect of the thousands-kilometer-faraway collision between Eurasia Plate and Indian Plate on the uplifting of south and north part of Eastern Kunlun fault, and on the thickening of crust and the feature of deep structure of Qilian mountain on the north of Tibet Plateau.  相似文献   

Lead orthophosphates—II. Stability of cholopyromophite at 25°c     

Jerome O. Nriagu 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1973,37(3):367-377

The conversion of secondary lead orthophosphate [PbHPO₄] into chloropyromorphite [Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl] in ca. 10^?1 M NaCl solutions has been investigated at 25°C. From the composition of the supernatant solutions, the solubility product constant for Pb₅(PO₄)₃Cl has been calculated to be 10^?84.4±0.1, corresponding to $\text{ΔG}{}_{\mathrm{?}}\text{°}$ of ?906.2 kcal mol^?1. The solution equilibria and phase relationships in the system PbCl₂-PbO-P₂O₈-H₂O are discussed along with the geological implications.  相似文献   

The Geographic Revolution: A Retrospective on the Age of Automated Geography     

Jerome E. Dobson 《The Professional geographer》1993,45(4):431-439

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The Malvern howardite: a petrological and chemical discussion     

C Desnoyers  D.Y Jerome 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1977,41(1):81-86

The Malvern howardite contains glass, probably formed by impact on the surface of a parent body. This achondrite also contains a large xenolith, a breccia in breccia. A mineralogical and chemical study of the stone has been carried out by means of electron microprobe and neutron activation analysis.Individual mineral and bulk compositions show the eucritic character of the xenolith. Most of the stone results from mechanical mixing of possibly related rocks, with glass derived by total or partial melting. Foreign components seem to be present as well.  相似文献   

Fractionation of sulfur isotopes by sediment adsorption of sulfate     

Jerome O. Nriagu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1974,22(4):366-370

Adsorption studies with sediment from the Bay of Quinte (Lake Ontario) indicate that the adsorption isotherm for sulfate concentration greater than 20 mg/l can be described by a Langmuir-type equation. The accompanying changes in δ³⁴S of the solutions range from +0.9 to +6.0‰ indicating enrichment of³²S in the sediments. The corresponding isotopic fractionation between the adsorbed sulfate and the sulfate remaining in solution ranges from ?10 to ?24‰, the larger fractionations being associated with low sulfate concentrations. The adsorbed sulfate is shown to significantly afftect the isotopic composition of the sediment in contact with the sulfate-bearing solution. The desorption of adsorbed sulfate is considered a possible mechanism for enriching natural freshwaters with³²S.  相似文献   

Lahar-Triggering Mechanisms and Hazard at Ruapehu Volcano,New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Lecointre  Jerome  Hodgson  Katy  Neall  Vincent  Cronin  Shane 《Natural Hazards》2004,31(1):85-109

Late Holocene volcanic activity at Ruapehu has been characterizedby the generation of small (<10⁵ m³) to very large (>10⁷ m³) lahars and repeated,small to medium (VEI 1-3) tephra-producing eruptions. The Onetapu Formation groupsall lahar deposits that accumulated during the last 2,000 years on the southeastern Ruapehu ring plain. The andesitic tephras are grouped within the Tufa Trig Formation and are intercalated within the laharic sequence. By correlating these two formations with new radiocarbon ages obtained on interbedded paleosols, we reconstruct a detailed volcanic history of Ruapehu for this period.Clast assemblages identified in the laharic sequences record thelithologies of synchronous tephras and rocks within the source region. These assemblages suggest a strong genetic link between the development of Crater Lake, the variation in eruptivestyles, and the production of lahars.Lahar-triggering mechanisms include: (1) flank collapse ofhydrothermally altered and unstable portions of the cone; (2) phreatic and phreatomagmatic eruptions favoring the generation of snow-rich slurries and hyperconcentrated stream flows; (3) suddenCrater Lake rim collapse, releasing large amounts of water inducing debris flows; and (4) eruptions that generate large volumes of tephra on snow-covered slopes, later remobilized by heavy rain.Two major lahars in the Onetapu sequence had a volume 4 × 10⁷ m³, roughly 1 to 2 orders of magnitude larger than the 1953event leading to the Tangiwai disaster (151 casualties). One of these lahars crossed over a lowinterfluve currently separating the Whangaehu River from a stream feeding the Tongariro River,sometime since peat accumulated between AD 1400 and AD 1660. A repetition of such a large-scaleevent would have devastating consequences on the infrastructure, economy and environment withinthe distal areas of the two catchments. The 1995–1996 eruptions were a timely reminder ofthe hazards posed by the volcano.  相似文献