Responses of primary productivity to current and climate changes in the mud area to the southwest of Cheju Island during the past 800 years   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Yi Liu  Xin Zhou  Wen Huang  Yuhong Wang  Nan Jia  Haoyuan Ji  Yiya Huang  Liguang Sun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2013,12(4):605-610

The biogenic silica (BSi), total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and grain size were analyzed with a gravity core (3250-6) collected from the mud area in the north East China Sea. The average deposition rate of the upper core was about 0.078 cm yr^?1 based on the results of ²¹⁰Pb_ex. The mean grain size increased with depth in general. The frequency distribution of grain size showed that two marked changes of deposition environment occurred at 30 cm and 50 cm depths (about 1550 AD and 1300 AD, respectively). The variations of BSi and TOC indicated two distinct major periods of primary productivity over the past 800 years: a stage of low primary productivity corresponding to weak upwelling and low nutrient input below 30 cm depth (about 1200–1550 AD), and a stage of high primary productivity with strong currents and upwelling above 30 cm depth (about 1550–1950 AD). The stage with high primary productive appeared to be due to the northward-expanded muddy area caused by strong Asian Winter Monsoon and enhanced Yellow Sea Warm Current in winter. In conclusion, the BSi and TOC in the muddy sediments, the symbols of marine primary productivity, can be then used to investigate the evolution history of currents and relative climate change in the offshore areas.  相似文献   

Joint inversion of teleseismic P waveforms and surface-wave group velocities from ambient seismic noise in the Bohemian Massif     

Bohuslav R??ek  Jaroslava Plomerová  Vladislav Babu?ka 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2012,56(1):107-140

Joint inversion of teleseismic P-waveforms and local group velocities of surface waves retrieved from ambient seismic noise has been performed to model velocity structure of the crust and uppermost mantle of the Bohemian Massif. We analysed P-waveforms of 381 teleseismic earthquakes recorded at 54 broadband seismic stations located on the territory of the Czech Republic and in its close surroundings. Group velocities of Rayleigh and Love surface waves were obtained by cross-correlating long-term recordings of seismic noise. The basis for waveform inversion is the well-known methodology of P-to-S receiver functions constructed from converted phases. Due to instabilities in direct inversion of receiver functions caused by the necessity of applying deconvolution, we propose an alternative formulation to fit observed and calculated radial components of P waveforms. The joint inversion is transformed into a search for the minimum of the cost function defined as a weighted sum of waveform and group velocity misfits. With the use of the robust stochastic optimizer (Differential Evolution Algorithm), neither derivatives nor a starting model are needed. The task was solved for 1D layered isotropic models of the crust and the uppermost mantle. We have performed a sequence of inversions with models containing one, two, three and four layers above a half-space. By using statistical criteria (F-test) we were able to select the simplest velocity models satisfying data and representing local geological structures. Complex crustal models are typical for stations located close to boundaries of major tectonic units. The relatively low average P to S wave-velocity ratio is in agreement with the generally accepted view that the BM crust is predominantly felsic.  相似文献   

Seismic risk assessment of interdependent critical infrastructure systems: The case of European gas and electricity networks     

Karmen Poljanšek  Flavio Bono  Eugenio Gutiérrez 《地震工程与结构动力学》2012,41(1):61-79

We study the seismic vulnerability of the interdependent European gas and electricity transmission networks from a topological point of view, whereby the electricity network depends on the gas network through gas‐fired power plants. First, we assessed the seismic response for each independent network; then we analyzed the increased vulnerability due to their interdependency. We implemented a probabilistic reliability model that encompasses the spatial distribution of both network structures and their seismic hazard exposure using a Geographic Information System. We characterized the network interdependency using the strength of coupling of the interconnections, together with the seismic response of the independent—gas—network. We calculated the network fragility curves of the independent and dependent networks in terms of various performance measures (connectivity loss, power loss, and impact on the population) and found that the gas network is more seismically vulnerable than the electricity network. The interdependency introduces an extra vulnerability to the electricity network response that decreases with the extensiveness of the networks' damage states. Damage was also evaluated at a local level in order to identify the most vulnerable parts of the network, where it was found that the potential for the highest power loss is located in southeast Europe. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

利用GPS和DEMETER数据分析汶川地震前电离层变化          下载免费PDF全文

闫相相  单新建  曹晋滨  汤吉  王飞飞 《地震地质》2012,34(1):160-171

利用GPS TEC和法国DEMETER卫星ISL探测器的观测数据,分析了汶川地震前电离层变化.结果表明,电离层TEC在5月6-10日地方时下午有连续的负异常现象,5月9日地方时下午有明显的正异常现象.电离层TEC异常的范围主要位于震中南部区域,EW方向上1 100 ～1 670km,SN方向上1 600 ～3 700km.5月6日的负异常偏震中东南,5月7日的负异常偏震中西南,5月9日的正异常偏震中东南.震中西南和南部地区负异常较东南地区明显,震中南部和东南地区正异常程度较西南地区偏高,震中位置所对应南半球磁力线共轭区都出现了一定程度的正或负扰动.DEMETER卫星观测的电子密度Ne和离子密度N.在5月6-10日也出现了明显的负异常,异常分布与电离层TEC异常分布较为一致,主要集中在震中南部.震中所在的经度带上存在2个负异常峰值,且在纬度上关于地磁赤道对称.最后在上述异常的基础上,对基于岩石圈-大气层-电离层耦合的地震电离层异常机理开展了初步讨论.  相似文献   

基于设防烈度和震害统计的变电站震害快速评估法     

刘如山  张美晶  王翔鹰  李吉 《地震工程与工程振动》2012,32(5)

根据汶川地震各烈度区内变电站破坏状况、停运状况以及恢复时间的统计,分析了不同烈度区变电站地震破坏和功能失效特点和模式,定义了变电站震害指数,得出了设防烈度为Ⅶ度的变电站地震破坏和功能失效的震害指数与烈度的Di-Ⅰ关系曲线,并结合我国电力设施抗震设计标准,外推了设防烈度Ⅵ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ度变电站的Di-Ⅰ曲线,由此建立了基于抗震设防烈度和震害统计的变电站震害快速评估方法(FI-EDS法).通过德阳地区49个110kV及以上变电站的震害实例,对评估方法进行检验,结果表明,用本文方法快速评估得出的变电站破坏等级,0级偏差比率为47％,±1级偏差比率为45％,±2级偏差比率为8％.本文评估方法具有可接受的精度,并且可操作性强.  相似文献   

高压直流输电对泾县地震台地磁观测干扰分析     

郎孝龄  汪丹丹  严吉  翟义勇 《地震地磁观测与研究》2012,33(Z1)

高压直流输电线路对地磁观测的干扰幅度大,随意性大.泾县地震台地磁观测目前受到附近穿行的多条高压直流输电影响,且无法避免.通过对泾县地震台观测资料分析,就高压直流输电对地磁观测的干扰原理和一些识别的方法有一定认识,并掌握有效剔除方法.  相似文献   

Amplification of in-plane seismic ground motion by group cavities in layered half-space (Ⅰ)          下载免费PDF全文

Jianwen Liang  Ji Zhang  Zhenning Ba 《地震科学（英文版）》2012,25(4):275-285

Amplification of in-plane seismic ground motion by underground group cavities in layered half-space is studied both in frequency domain and time domain by using indirect boundary element method (IBEM), and the effect of cavity interval and spectrum of incident waves on the amplification are studied by numerical examples. It is shown that there may be large interaction between cavities, and group cavities with certain intervals may have significant amplification to seismic ground motion. The amplification of PGA (peak ground acceleration) and its PRS (peak response spectrum) can be increased up to 45.2% and 84.4%, for an example site in Tianjin, under the excitation of Taft wave and El Centro wave; and group cavities may also affect the spectra of the seismic ground motion. It is suggested that the effect of underground group cavities on design seismic ground motion should be considered.  相似文献   

Hazardous Heavy Metal Distribution in Dahuofang Catchment,Fushun, Liaoning,an Important Industry City in China: A Case Study     

Gang Wu  Ji‐You Wu  Hong‐Bo Shao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2012,40(12):1372-1375

Located in Liaoning Province, one of the traditional heavy industrial areas in China, Dahuofang Reservoir provides drinking water for nearly 30 000 000 citizens, as well as industrial and agricultural water for dozens of several cities and rural areas. The distribution of hazardous heavy metals is described in several types of soil, crops, and in different industrial or mining areas and main sewage irrigation areas. Five possible reasons that may cause the pollution are analyzed and listed. Also we provide some pragmatic suggestions for the remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils.  相似文献   

Six-degree-of-freedom near-source seismic motions II: examples of real seismogram analysis and S-wave velocity retrieval     

Johana Brokešová  Jiří Málek 《Journal of Seismology》2015,19(2):511-539

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Experimental study of the density influence on the incipient motion and erosion modes of muds in unidirectional flows: the case of Huangmaohai Estuary   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Dong Xu  Yuchuan Bai  Chunning Ji  John Williams 《Ocean Dynamics》2015,65(2):187-201

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