GPS/BDS short-term ISB modelling and prediction     

Jiang  Nan  Xu  Yan  Xu  Tianhe  Xu  Guochang  Sun  Zhangzhen  Schuh  Harald 《GPS Solutions》2017,21(1):163-175

GPS Solutions - The Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) has completed its first milestone by providing coverage of the Asia–Pacific area navigation service since December 27,...  相似文献   

A new method for GLONASS inter-frequency bias estimation based on long baselines     

Jiang  Weiping  An  Xiangdong  Chen  Hua  Zhao  Wen 《GPS Solutions》2017,21(4):1765-1779

GPS Solutions - Frequency division multiplexing of GLONASS signals causes inter-frequency bias (IFB) in receiving equipment. IFB significantly increases the difficulties of fixing GLONASS...  相似文献   

Estimation of hourly and daily evapotranspiration and soil moisture using downscaled LST over various urban surfaces     

Yitong Jiang 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2017,54(1):95-117

Surface moisture is important to link land surface temperature (LST) to people’s thermal comfort. In urban areas, the surface roughness from buildings and urban trees impacts wind speed, and consequently surface moisture. To find the role of surface roughness in surface moisture estimation, we developed methods to estimate daily and hourly evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture, based on a case study of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. In order to capture the spatial and temporal variations of LST, hourly and daily LST was produced by downscaling techniques. Given the heterogeneity in urban areas, fractions of vegetation, soil, and impervious surfaces were calculated. To describe the urban morphology, surface roughness parameters were calculated from digital elevation model (DEM), digital surface model (DSM), and Terrestrial Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). Two source energy balance (TSEB) model was employed to generate ET, and the temperature vegetation index (TVX) method was used to calculate soil moisture. Stable hourly soil moisture fluctuated from 15% to 20%, and daily soil moisture increased due to precipitation and decreased due to seasonal temperature change. ET over soil, vegetation, and impervious surface in the urban areas yielded different patterns in response to precipitation. The surface roughness from high-rise has bigger influence on ET in central urban areas.  相似文献   

Bargaining for nature: treating the environment in China’s urban planning practice     

Jiang Xu 《Urban geography》2017,38(5):687-707

ABSTRACT

In much of the contemporary academic inquiry and political discourse on Chinese cities, urban entrepreneurialism and environmentalism often appear to be analyzed disjointedly and unreflectively. They are portrayed as two conflicting interests. Commentators also view urban planners as a homogenous group of professionals and/or state agents being forced to give up environmental goals to pursue economic value of space. Using the case of Tianjin Eco-City planning, this article interrogates the bargaining process between the “ecological value” and “commodity narrative”. It offers three major arguments. First, even though the discourse of environmental sustainability has been used to legitimize economic transformation, ecological demands are creating new pressures on entrepreneurial urban governance. Second, rather than treating Chinese planners as a fully constituted, internally coherent, organizationally-fixed, and operationally-consistent group, they should be viewed as hybrid, and diverse entities that represent divergent and sometimes contentious state interests. Third, planners, though still under tremendous pressure from landed interests, can become active players to positively influence urban transformation toward more environmental care.  相似文献   

基于EEMD的太阳活动对印度夏季风的多尺度胁迫分析     

李玉霞  陈玲玲  江亭桂  罗文  林振山 《地理科学》2018,38(4):628-635

选取10.55~2.7 kaBP Qunf洞的Q5石笋δ¹⁸O记录作为印度夏季风的代用指标,集合经验模态分解（EEMD）多尺度分析结果揭示了印度夏季风的强弱变化和与亚洲季风减弱事件的一致性,进一步讨论了11 kaBP以来印度夏季风的逐渐增强而后减弱的发展态势。选用同时期的古树年轮¹⁴C记录作为太阳活动代用指标,调频、调幅分析结果发现印度夏季风的31 a、70 a和7 860 a尺度分量受太阳活动相应分量的调频胁迫较为显著;同时又揭示出“太阳活动71 a周期-印度夏季风31 a周期”“太阳活动1 379 a周期-印度夏季风142 a周期”和“太阳活动2 376 a周期-印度夏季风733 a周期”三对调幅胁迫。  相似文献   

伊犁河谷2001-2014年地表温度时空分异特征     

热伊莱&#  卡得尔  玉苏甫&#  买买提  玉素甫江&#  如素力  阿迪来&#  乌甫  艾则孜提约麦尔&#  麦麦提  姜红 《中国沙漠》2018,38(3):637-644

地表温度是地表能量平衡、区域和全球尺度地表物理过程的一个重要因子。为了辨析中国西北干旱区“天山湿岛”——伊犁河谷的地表温度时空分异,采用趋势分析法和空间数据统计法,探讨了2001-2014年不同土地利用/覆盖类型下地表温度时空变化规律,分析地表温度的时空分异特征及原因。结果表明：（1） MODIS LST产品的精度（平均R²=0.90）能够满足伊犁河谷地表温度时空变化分析的要求;（2）空间上,地表温度呈现出中部高四周低的变化趋势,高温区面积约占总面积的41%,低温区面积约占总面积的23%;时间上,伊犁河谷平均地表温度的年际波动较大,以2013年、2006年、2007年和2008年尤为突出;地表温度的年内变化呈现出单峰型分布,地表温度高值集中在3-8月,最高值出现在7月;（3）不同土地利用/覆盖类型下年均地表温度分布的总体特征为建设用地最高,稀疏草地、旱地等次之,冰川/积雪最低;（4）伊犁河谷地表温度变化趋势呈严重减少、基本不变和轻微增加区域面积分别占5%、37%和26%,以基本不变和轻微增加为主。伊犁河谷地表温度时空变化不仅受大尺度气候变化影响,还受土地类型差异影响,两者共同构成了不同地理区域及景观的温场格局,绿色植被对地表温度时空分布具有重要的调节作用。  相似文献   

中国留学人员创业园分布及产业特征     

姜海宁  张文忠  许树辉  陈秋羽 《地理科学》2018,38(12):1943-1951

以《中国留学人员创业年鉴》为基础数据,采用GIS空间分析技术,运用核密度估计法、L函数和最近邻层次聚类分析等方法,分析2006~2015年中国留学人员创业园空间分布规律以及园区产业集聚特征,结果表明：中国留学人员创业园集聚特征显著,而且随着时间的推移,其多中心趋势明显,集聚规模迅速增大,集聚强度呈“先升后降,但总体增大”趋势;主要集聚于长三角、京津冀和珠三角等地区,尤以前两者最显著,且三大集聚区的集聚强度与集聚规模差异明显,其中长三角留创园的集聚规模最大,京津冀集聚强度最高,而珠三角则比较复杂,其在很小空间尺度范围内服从集聚分布,而在较大空间尺度范围内则服从随机分布;基于不同主导产业的中国留学人员创业园依然集中于长三角、京津冀和珠三角等地区,其主导产业分布格局则差异显著,规律性不强。  相似文献   

江南丘陵地区乡村聚落地域分异特征研究——以湖南省为例   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  

谭雪兰  安悦  蒋凌霄  谭洁  周国华 《地理科学》2018,38(10):1707-1714

以江南丘陵湖南地区为研究对象,通过对18个抽样村进行实地走访与问卷调查,从乡村聚落的居住条件、居住设施和乡村居民的生产生活形态等方面,探讨江南丘陵湖南地区乡村聚落空间地域分异特征与规律。研究表明：乡村聚落研究是江南丘陵地区乡村聚落空间布局优化与调控的基础。由于地域范围广泛,区域内的资源禀赋与地域组合、经济发展基础、文化传统等条件差异悬殊,因此江南丘陵湖南地区乡村聚落发展的地域分异规律较为明显,在聚落空间格局（规模、密度、形态）、居住条件（住房面积、住房结构、建筑特色）、居住设施（道路、饮水安全、网络电视开通率等基础与公共服务设施）和生产生活形态等方面呈现出较为显著的盆地-丘陵-低山区、发达-欠发达-落后、近郊-远郊-偏远等地貌、经济、区位梯度差异。  相似文献   

1998~2013年中国地级单元制造业规模与结构高级度协调发展的时空特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李建新  杨永春  蒋小荣  王宝君  张薇 《地理科学》2018,38(12):2014-2023

基于制造业企业级数据,采用产业结构高级度（UPG）指数、GIS、协调度评价模型等方法考察1998~2013年中国地级单元制造业规模与结构高级度协调发展的时空特征。结果表明：① 制造业规模格局始终呈东部沿海导向下的核心-边缘模式,沿海三大城市群规模优势明显,西南、西北以及青藏地区规模最小。② 制造业结构高级度格局总体呈“马赛克”式的混合分布模式,东北、黄河中游等传统工业基地的UPG指数下降明显,长三角、珠三角、山东半岛等沿海地区则不断提升。③ 制造业规模与结构高级度间的协调度水平稳定上升,总体由中度失调进入濒临失调阶段,但协调度水平及其成长格局具有“东-中-西”阶梯式降低特征。  相似文献   

Impact of reservoir operation and climate change on the hydrological regime of the Sesan and Srepok Rivers in the Lower Mekong Basin     

Le An Ngo  Ilyas Masih  Yong Jiang  Wim Douven 《Climatic change》2018,149(1):107-119

The transboundary Sesan and Srepok sub-basins (2S) are the “hot-spot” areas for reservoir development in the Lower Mekong region, with 12 reservoirs built in the Vietnam territory. This study examines the impacts of reservoir operations in Vietnam and projected climate change on the downstream hydrologic regime of the 2S Rivers by jointly applying the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) models. Different scenarios of reservoir operation are considered and simulated to assess their impact on annual, seasonal, and monthly flow regimes under maximum hydropower capacity generation with and without taking into account the minimum flow requirement downstream near the Vietnam border with Cambodia. The precipitation and temperature projections from the high-resolution regional climate model HadGEM3-RA under two Representative Concentration Pathways, 4.5 and 8.5, of HadGEM2-AO are used as future climate change scenarios for the impact assessment. The study results show that reservoir operation leads to an increase in the dry season stream flows and a decrease in the wet season stream flows. The monthly flow regime exhibits considerable changes for both the Sesan and Srepok Rivers but with different magnitudes and patterns of increase and decrease. Climate change is likely to induce considerable changes in stream flows, though these changes are comparatively lower than those caused by reservoir operation. Climate change is likely to have both counterbalancing and reinforcing effects over the impact of reservoir operation, reducing changes during dry season but increasing changes in most of the other months.  相似文献