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Carbon isotopic fractionation associated with lipid biosynthesis by a cyanobacterium: relevance for interpretation of biomarker records 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Sakata S Hayes JM McTaggart AR Evans RA Leckrone KJ Togasaki RK 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1997,61(24):5379-5389
For the cyanobacterium Synechocystis UTEX 2470, grown photoautotrophically to a logarithmic stage of growth, the total lipid extract is depleted in 13C by 4.8% relative to average biomass. Depletions observed for acetogenic (straight-chain) lipids range from 7.6 (hexadecanoic acid) to 9.9% (a C16 n-alkyl chain bound in a polar-lipid fraction), with a mass-weighted average of 9.1%. Polyisoprenoid lipids fall into two isotopic groups, with phytol, diplopterol, and diploptene depleted by 6.4-6.9% and bishomohopanol (produced from the extracts by the preparative degradation of bacteriohopanepolyol) depleted by 8.4%. Analysis of the pattern of depletions indicates that two carbon positions in each C5 biomonomer leading to polyisoprenoid products are probably depleted in 13C relative to average biomass. The depletion of bacteriohopanepolyol relative to other polyisoprenoids can be ascribed to changes that occur over the life of each cell: (1) the 13C content of carbon flowing to lipid biosynthesis decreases as the cell size increases and (2) a greater proportion of the bacteriohopanepolyol which, unlike other polyisoprenoids, is present mainly in the cytoplasm rather than in membranes and is synthesized when cells are larger. Chlorophyll a is depleted relative to average biomass by O.7%. Given the observed depletion of 13C in phytol, the heteroaromatic, chlorophyllide portion of chlorophyll must be enriched in 13C by 2.7%. This enrichment is large relative to that in chlorophyllides produced by eukaryotes and may be related to a parallel enrichment of 13C in cyanobacterial glutamic acid. As in many previous investigations of cyanobacterial lipids, long-chain n-alkanes (C22-C29) are found in the extracts. They are, however, enriched in 13C relative to biomass and have isotopic compositions suggesting that they are contaminants of petrochemical origin. Available results indicate that cyanobacterial lipids will be depleted relative to dissolved CO2 that has served as a carbon source by 22-30% and that a wider range of depletions will be characteristic of eukaryotic products. The absence of long-chain n-alkanes in cyanobacteria reduces the possibility that petroleum ever formed from pre-eukaryotic sedimentary debris. 相似文献
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本文通过对水平反复荷载作用下4根钢管自应力混凝土柱和2根普通钢管混凝土柱的抗震性能试验研究,分析了两种钢管混凝土的荷载-挠度(P-Δ)滞回曲线和骨架曲线特点,从而进一步阐述了轴压比、自应力大小和混凝土强度等因素对钢管混凝土抗震性能的影响。试验结果表明,影响柱抗震性能的最主要因素是轴压比和自应力。随着轴压比的增加,钢管自应力混凝土位移延性系数下降;而自应力的存在不仅提高了反复荷载作用下钢管混凝土的极限水平承载力,同时也使其延性系数得到显著的增加。 相似文献
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Katayama Y Oura T Iizuka M Orita I Cho KJ Chung IY Okada M 《Marine pollution bulletin》2003,47(1-6):85-90
Effects of spilled oil on microbial communities in tidal flats were examined by use of a simulator for a tidal flat ecosystem. The simulator is composed of a wave generator, a tide control device, and a tidal flat. Sediment for the tidal flat was obtained at a natural tidal flat in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. After stabilizing the benthic organisms, fuel oil C was added to the surface of the flat at 1 lm(-2). Although the total number of micro-organisms remained at 1.5-3.5 x 10(9) cells g(-1) dry sediment irrespective of the addition of oil, bacterial communities which were analyzed based on the 16S rDNA showed clear changes after the addition of fuel oil C and after a subsequent recovery period. Bacterial colonies were randomly isolated from the oil-supplemented sediment during the experiments, and the isolates were examined for susceptibility to hydrocarbons in order to screen the oil-susceptible bacteria. The proportion of oil-susceptible bacteria in the isolates decreased with the addition of the oil. Oil-susceptible bacteria showed an inability to assimilate petroleum compounds as well as an inhibition of growth. The possibility of using oil-susceptible bacteria as an indicator of bioremediation in tidal flats was discussed. 相似文献
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