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41.
T. Shinmei T. Sanehira D. Yamazaki T. Inoue T. Irifune K. Funakoshi A. Nozawa 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2005,32(8-9):594-602
Thermal equation of state of an Al-rich phase with Na1.13Mg1.51Al4.47Si1.62O12 composition has been derived from in situ X-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation and a multianvil apparatus at pressures up to 24 GPa and temperatures up to 1,900 K. The Al-rich phase exhibited a hexagonal symmetry throughout the present pressure–temperature conditions and the refined unit-cell parameters at ambient condition were: a=8.729(1) Å, c=2.7695(5) Å, V 0=182.77(6) Å3 (Z=1; formula weight=420.78 g/mol), yielding the zero-pressure density ρ0=3.823(1) g/cm3 . A least-square fitting of the pressure-volume-temperature data based on Anderson’s pressure scale of gold (Anderson et al. in J Appl Phys 65:1534–543, 1989) to high-temperature Birch-Murnaghan equation of state yielded the isothermal bulk modulus K 0=176(2) GPa, its pressure derivative K 0 ′ =4.9(3), temperature derivative (?K T /?T) P =?0.030(3) GPa K?1 and thermal expansivity α(T)=3.36(6)×10?5+7.2(1.9)×10?9 T, while those values of K 0=181.7(4) GPa, (?K T /?T) P =?0.020(2) GPa K?1 and α(T)=3.28(7)×10?5+3.0(9)×10?9 T were obtained when K 0 ′ was assumed to be 4.0. The estimated bulk density of subducting MORB becomes denser with increasing depth as compared with earlier estimates (Ono et al. in Phys Chem Miner 29:527–531 2002; Vanpeteghem et al. in Phys Earth Planet Inter 138:223–230 2003; Guignot and Andrault in Phys Earth Planet Inter 143–44:107–128 2004), although the difference is insignificant (<0.6%) when the proportions of the hexagonal phase in the MORB compositions (~20%) are taken into account. 相似文献
42.
T. Irifune H. Naka T. Sanehira T. Inoue K. Funakoshi 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》2002,29(10):645-654
Phase transitions in MgAl2O4 spinel have been studied at pressures 22–38 GPa, and at temperatures up to 1600 °C, using a combination of synchrotron radiation
and a multianvil apparatus with sintered diamond anvils. Spinel dissociated into a mixture of MgO plus Al2O3 at pressures to 25 GPa, while it transformed to the CaFe2O4 (calcium ferrite) structure at higher pressures via the metastably formed oxide mixture upon increasing temperature. Neither
the e-phase nor the CaTi2O4-type MgAl2O4, which were reported in earlier studies using the diamond-anvil cell, were observed in the present pressure and temperature
range. The zero-pressure bulk modulus of the calcium-ferrite-type MgAl2O4 was calculated as K=213 (3) GPa, which is significantly lower than that reported by Yutani et al. (1997), but is consistent with a more recent
result by Funamori et al. (1998) and that estimated by an ab initio calculation by Catti (2001).
Received: 2 April 2002 / Accepted: 29 July 2002
Acknowledgements The authors thank Y. Higo, Y. Sueda, T.␣Ueda, Y. Tanimoto, A. Fukuyama, K. Ochi, F. Kurio and T. Kawahara for help in the
in situ X-ray observations at SPring-8 (No: 2000A0061-CD-np and 2000B0093-ND-np). We also thank W.␣Utsumi, J. Ando and O.
Shimomura for advice and encouragement during this study, and N. Funamori and an anonymous reviwer for comments on the article.
The present study is partly supported by the grant-in-aid for Scientific Research (A) of the Ministry of Education, Science,
Sport and Culture of the Japanese government (no: 11694088). 相似文献
43.
Yoshinori Suematsu Sumisaburo Saito Yasuhiro Funakoshi Hiroki Kurokawa 《Solar physics》1988,116(2):285-290
A coronal condensation was observed simultaneously with Fexiv 5303, Fex 6374, Fe xi 7892, and H filtergraphs. The size and shape of the condensation in 5303 are different from those in other filtergrams. H filtergrams taken around the eclipse time show that a small transient prominence exists in close proximity to the condensation core and behaves like a post-flare loop system, though the appearance is quite different and no flare-report exists. A small-scale energetic phenomenon seems to have occurred at the top of magnetic loops.Contributions from the Kwasan and Hida Observatories, University of Kyoto, No. 285. 相似文献
44.
Morphological and evolutional features of Ellerman bombs were studied with H filtergrams of two active regions very close to the solar limb. We quantitatively determined the elongated or spike-like shape of the bomb. The mean apparent length of 174 bombs is 1.1 arc sec, while 80% of 204 bombs have a diameter of less than 0.6 arc sec. The mean lifetime of 77 bombs is about 12 min at H - 1.2 Å. The first maximum brightness of a typical bomb is attained, on average in about 2 min. Bombs grow longer in the first brightening phase and their mean upward velocity explains the blue asymmetry of H emission profiles of moustaches. 相似文献
45.
46.
Comparative Late Pleistocene Paleoceanographic Changes in the Mid Latitude Boreal and Austral Western Pacific 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Middle latitudes of the northern and southern hemispheres of the western Pacific are the sensitive areas for the climatic change. We reconstruct the variation in primary productivity to evaluate the shift of the transition zone between the central water mass and cold water in the both hemispheres. In cores S2612 and LH3166, which are located around boreal and austral 35 degree, the mean COrganic/N atomic ratios are 7.8 and 7.2, respectively. Therefore it is suggested that organic matter is mainly of marine origin (excluding the middle Stage 6 to Stage 7 with the high COrganic/N atomic ratios in core LH3166). Primary productivities estimated from these cores in the middle latitudes of the western Pacific during the late Pleistocene demonstrate similar profiles. Maxima are observed at late Stage 2, late Stage 4 (middle Stage 4 for L3187) and late Stage 6 while minimum values were observed at Stage 5. Mass accumulation rates of organic carbon and biogenic opal also show similar profiles in these cores. These results and paleontological evidence show that the transition zone between Subtropical and subarctic waters almost synchronously migrated along the latitudinal transection during the last 150 kyr. 相似文献
47.
Matheus Carvalho de Carvalho Ken-ichi Hayashizaki Hisao Ogawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2008,64(5):705-712
Through 2004 and 2005, δ
34S of sinking material from Otsuchi Bay was measured at the center and rocky shore of the bay. At the center of the bay δ
34S was high (18∼21‰) in the material collected from April to November. However, δ
34S was low (9∼14‰) in the material collected from December to March. The increase in δ
34S in April was attributed to an increase in phytoplankton biomass because marine phytoplanktonic δ
34S is high. When δ
34S of sinking material was low, input of riverine material or bottom sediment resuspension were considered as the probable
causes, because their δ
34S is low. Marine sulfur was always high (more than 70%) at both stations. The difference between the δ
34S of sinking material collected from the different sampling stations indicates that marine macroalgae contribute to sinking
material near the shore when phytoplankton is scarce. In conclusion, the relative influence of different material sources
to sinking materials could be successfully estimated using δ
34S. 相似文献
48.
Late Quaternary activity and dextral strike-slip movement on the Karakax Fault Zone, northwest Tibet 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Field observations and interpretations of satellite images reveal that the westernmost segment of the Altyn Tagh Fault (called Karakax Fault Zone) striking WNW located in the northwestern margin of the Tibetan Plateau has distinctive geomorphic and tectonic features indicative of right-lateral strike-slip fault in the Late Quaternary. South-flowing gullies and N–S-trending ridges are systematically deflected and offset by up to ~ 1250 m, and Late Pleistocene–Holocene alluvial fans and small gullies that incise south-sloping fans record dextral offset up to ~ 150 m along the fault zone. Fault scarps developed on alluvial fans vary in height from 1 to 24 m. Riedel composite fabrics of foliated cataclastic rocks including cataclasite and fault gouge developed in the shear zone indicate a principal right-lateral shear sense with a thrust component. Based on offset Late Quaternary alluvial fans, 14C ages and composite fabrics of cataclastic fault rocks, it is inferred that the average right-lateral strike-slip rate along the Karakax Fault Zone is ~ 9 mm/a in the Late Quaternary, with a vertical component of ~ 2 mm/a, and that a M 7.5 morphogenic earthquake occurred along this fault in 1902. We suggest that right-lateral slip in the Late Quaternary along the WNW-trending Karakax Fault Zone is caused by escape tectonics that accommodate north–south shortening of the western Tibetan Plateau due to ongoing northward penetration of the Indian plate into the Eurasian plate. 相似文献
49.
Naoki Ikegaya Aya Hagishima Jun Tanimoto Yudai Tanaka Ken-ichi Narita Sheikh Ahmad Zaki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2012,143(2):357-377
We performed a series of wind-tunnel experiments under neutral conditions in order to create a comprehensive database of scalar
transfer coefficients for street surfaces using regular block arrays representing an urban environment. The objective is to
clarify the geometric dependence of scalar transfer phenomena on rough surfaces. In addition, the datasets we have obtained
are necessary to improve the modelling of scalar transfer used for computational simulations of urban environments; further,
we can validate the results obtained by numerical simulations. We estimated the scalar transfer coefficients using the salinity
method. The various configurations of the block arrays were designed to be similar to those used in a previous experiment
to determine the total drag force acting on arrays. Our results are summarized as follows: first, the results for cubical
arrays showed that the transfer coefficients for staggered and square layouts varied with the roughness packing density. The
results for the staggered layout showed the possibility that the mixing effect of air can be enhanced for the mid-range values
of the packing density. Secondly, the transfer coefficients for arrays with blocks of non-uniform heights were smaller than
those for arrays with blocks of uniform height under conditions of low packing density; however, as the packing density increased,
the opposite tendency was observed. Thirdly, the randomness of rotation angles of the blocks in the array led to increasing
values of the transfer coefficients under sparse packing density conditions when compared with those for cubical arrays. 相似文献
50.
D. Heath Jones Mike A. Read Will Saunders Matthew Colless Tom Jarrett Quentin A. Parker Anthony P. Fairall † Thomas Mauch Elaine M. Sadler Fred G. Watson Donna Burton Lachlan A. Campbell Paul Cass Scott M. Croom John Dawe † Kristin Fiegert Leela Frankcombe Malcolm Hartley John Huchra Dionne James Emma Kirby Ofer Lahav John Lucey Gary A. Mamon Lesa Moore Bruce A. Peterson Sayuri Prior Dominique Proust Ken Russell Vicky Safouris Ken-ichi Wakamatsu Eduard Westra Mary Williams 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2009,399(2):683-698
We report the final redshift release of the 6dF Galaxy Survey (6dFGS), a combined redshift and peculiar velocity survey over the southern sky (| b | > 10°) . Its 136 304 spectra have yielded 110 256 new extragalactic redshifts and a new catalogue of 125 071 galaxies making near-complete samples with ( K , H , J , r F , b J ) ≤ (12.65, 12.95, 13.75, 15.60, 16.75) . The median redshift of the survey is 0.053. Survey data, including images, spectra, photometry and redshifts, are available through an online data base. We describe changes to the information in the data base since earlier interim data releases. Future releases will include velocity dispersions, distances and peculiar velocities for the brightest early-type galaxies, comprising about 10 per cent of the sample. Here we provide redshift maps of the southern local Universe with z ≤ 0.1 , showing nearby large-scale structures in hitherto unseen detail. A number of regions known previously to have a paucity of galaxies are confirmed as significantly underdense regions. The URL of the 6dFGS data base is http://www-wfau.roe.ac.uk/6dFGS . 相似文献