Estimating landslide susceptibility areas considering the uncertainty inherent in modeling methods     

Ho?Gul?Kim  Dong?Kun?LeeEmail author  Chan?Park  Yoonjung?Ahn  Sung-Ho?Kil  Sunyong?Sung  Gregory?S.?Biging 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2018,32(11):2987-3019

Landslides are one of the most dangerous types of natural disasters, and damage due to landslides has been increasing in certain regions of the world because of increased precipitation. Policy decision makers require reliable information that can be used to establish spatial adaptation plans to protect people from landslide hazards. Researchers presently identify areas susceptible to landslides using various spatial distribution models. However, such data are associated with a high amount of uncertainty. This study focuses on quantifying the uncertainty of several spatial distribution models and identifying the effectiveness of various ensemble methods that can be used to provide reliable information to support policy decisions. The area of study was Inje-gun, Republic of Korea. Ten models were selected to assess landslide susceptibility. Moreover, five ensemble methods were selected for the aggregated results of the 10 models. The uncertainty was quantified using the coefficient of variation and the uncertainty map we developed revealed areas with strongly differing values among single models. A matrix map was created using an ensemble map and a coefficient of variation map. Using matrix analysis, we identified the areas that are most susceptible to landslides according to the ensemble model with a low uncertainty. Thus, the ensemble model can be a useful tool for supporting decision makers. The framework of this study can also be employed to support the establishment of landslide adaptation plans in other areas of the Republic of Korea and in other countries.  相似文献   

Quantitative analysis of Arctic ice flow acceleration with increasing temperature     

Zemin Wang  Boya Yan  Songtao Ai  Kim Holmén  Jiachun An  Hongmei Ma 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(1):22-32

This study explores the ice flow acceleration(21.1%) of Pedersenbreen during 2016–2017 after the extremely warm winter throughout the whole Arctic in 2015/2016 using in situ data and quantitatively analyses the factors contributing to this acceleration. Several data sets, including 2008–2018 air temperature data from Ny-?lesund,ten-year in situ GPS measurements and Elmer/Ice ice flow modelling under different ice temperature scenarios,suggest that the following factors contributed to the ice flow acceleration: the softened glacier ice caused by an increase in the air temperature(1.5℃) contributed 2.7%–30.5%, while basal lubrication contributed 69.5%–97.3%.The enhanced basal sliding was mostly due to the increased surface meltwater penetrating to the bedrock under the rising air temperature conditions; consequently, the glacier ice flow acceleration was caused mainly by an increase in subglacial water. For Pedersenbreen, there was an approximately one-year time lag between the change in air temperature and the change in glacier ice flow velocity.  相似文献   

Investigation of the dynamic behaviour of a storage tank with different foundation types focusing on the soil‐foundation‐structure interactions using centrifuge model tests          下载免费PDF全文

Heon‐Joon Park  Jeong‐Gon Ha  Sun‐Yong Kwon  Moon‐Gyo Lee  Dong‐Soo Kim 《地震工程与结构动力学》2017,46(14):2301-2316

This paper proposes a dynamic centrifuge model test method for the accurate simulation of the behaviours of a liquid storage tank with different types of foundations during earthquakes. The method can be used to determine the actual stress conditions of a prototype storage‐tank structure. It was used in the present study to investigate the soil‐foundation‐structure interactions of a simplified storage tank under two different earthquake motions, which were simulated using a shaking table installed in a centrifuge basket. Three different types of foundations were considered, namely, a shallow foundation, a slab on the surface of the ground connected to piles and a slab with disconnected piles. The test results were organised to compare the ground surface and foundation motions, the slab of foundation and top of structure motions and the horizontal and vertical motions of the slab, respectively. These were used to establish the complex dynamic behaviours of tank models with different foundations. The effects of soil–foundation–structure interaction with three foundation conditions and two different earthquake motions are focused and some important factors, that should be considered for future designs are also discussed in this research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Aquifer Treatment of Sea Water to Remove Natural Organic Matter Before Desalination          下载免费PDF全文

Abdullah H. A. Dehwah  Samir Al‐Mashharawi  Kim Choon Ng  Thomas M. Missimer 《Ground water》2017,55(3):316-326

An investigation of a sea water reverse osmosis desalination facility located in western Saudi Arabia has shown that aquifer treatment of the raw sea water provides a high degree of removal of natural organic matter (NOM) that causes membrane biofouling. The aquifer is a carbonate system that has a good hydraulic connection to the sea and 14 wells are used to induce sea water movement 400 to 450 m from the sea to the wells. During aquifer transport virtually all of the algae, over 90% of the bacteria, over 90% of the biopolymer fraction of NOM, and high percentages of the humic substance, building blocks, and some of the low molecular weight fractions of NOM are removed. Between 44 and over 90% of the transparent exopolymer particles (TEP) are removed with a corresponding significant reduction in concentration of the colloidal fraction of TEP. The removal rate for TEP appears to be greater in carbonate aquifers compared to siliciclastic systems. Although the production wells range in age from 4 months to 14 years, no significant difference in the degree of water treatment provided by the aquifer was found.  相似文献   

Degradation of crude oil in a contaminated tidal flat area and the resilience of bacterial community     

Jaejin Lee  Il Han  Bo Ram Kang  Seong Heon Kim  Woo Jun Sul  Tae Kwon Lee 《Marine pollution bulletin》2017,114(1):296-301

Crude oil spills, Hebei Spirit in South Korea, is considered as one of the worst environmental disasters of the region. Our understanding on activation of oil-degrading bacteria and resilience of microbial community in oil contaminated sites are limited due to scarcity of such event. In the present study, tidal flat sediment contaminated by the oil spill were investigated for duration of 13 months to identify temporal change in microbial community and functional genes responsible for PAH-degradation. The results showed predominance of previously known oil-degrading genera, such as Cycloclasticus, Alcanivorax, and Thalassolituus, displaying significant increase within first four months of the accident. The disturbance caused by the oil spill altered the microbial community and its functional structures, but they were almost restored to the original state after 13 months. Present study demonstrated high detoxification capacity of indigenous bacterial populations in the tidal flat sediments and its resilience of microbial community.  相似文献   

Study on hydraulic characteristics of sabo dam with a flap structure for debris flow     

Yeonjoong Kim  Hajime Nakagawa  Kenji Kawaike  Hao Zhang 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(3)

The front part of the flow is very important and complex in the case of debris flow where there is an accumulation of large boulders. It is important to control or dampen the energy of the frontal part of a debris flow for the safety of the downstream area because the impact pressure of debris flow is much greater than that of clear fluid. The main objective of this study is to analyze the hydraulic characteristics of the proposed dam (i.e. closed-type dam with flap). The vertical pressure distribution of this type is compared with conventional dam types. In the experiments, the total pressure associated with major debris flows was recorded in real time by a system consisting of four dynamic pressure sensors installed on different types of dam. The results from experimental data clearly show that the dam with the flap has advantages of capturing the debris flow with large boulders and controls the total pressure by flow circulation due to presence of the flap structure compared to a closed-type dam without flap. Further-more, the empirical coefficients of hydrodynamic and solid collision models were proposed and com-pared with available coefficients.  相似文献   

Hydrological modelling uncertainty analysis for different flow quantiles: a case study in two hydro-geographically different watersheds   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

Getachew Tegegne  Young-Oh Kim  Seung Beom Seo  Youngil Kim 《水文科学杂志》2019,64(4):473-489

This study focuses on analysis of hydrological model parameter uncertainty at varying sub-basin spatial scales. It was found that the variation in sub-basin spatial scale had little influence on the entire flow simulations. However, the different sub-basin spatial scales had a significant impact on the reproduction of the flow quantiles. The coarser sub-basin spatial scale provided a better coverage of most prediction uncertainty in observations. However, the finer sub-basin spatial scale produced the best single simulation output closer to the observations. In general, the optimal sub-basin spatial scales (ratio to the entire watershed size) in the two test watersheds were found to be in the ranges 14–19% and 2–4% for good simulation of high and low flows, respectively. It is therefore worthwhile to put more effort into reproducing different flow quantiles by investigating an appropriate sub-basin spatial scale.  相似文献   

Estimation of debris flow discharge coefficient considering sediment concentration     

Namgyun Kim  Hajime Nakagawa  Kenji Kawaike  Hao Zhang 《国际泥沙研究》2019,34(1):1-7

A sabo dam has a purpose to block the path of debris flow. However, when overflow occurs, a sabo dam works as a weir, a vertical obstruction, where the fluid must flow over. Many empirical formulas and discharge coefficients for weirs relating flow depth to discharge have been proposed to calculate overflow discharges. However, only a few studies about overflow discharge coefficients are available in the case of debris flow. In this paper, experiments and numerical simulations were done to estimate debris flow discharge coefficients by considering the sediment concentration. In the numerical simulation, a complete overflow equation and a free overfall equation were implemented to calculate debris overflow discharges at a sabo dam. To determine the discharge coefficients for each equation, single factor regression analysis was used. Laboratory experiments were done to calibrate and to compare with the simulation. Study results showed that the discharge coefficients increase as the sediment concentration increases. This finding suggests debris flow discharge coefficients are derived to calculate the debris overflow discharges at a sabo dam.  相似文献   

Coastal landscape evolution tracked from late Holocene wave-cut benches in the Sinan Archipelago,Southwest Korea     

Sung-Ja Choi  Bokchul Kim  Yong Sik Gihm  Sanghoon Kwon 《地学前缘(英文版)》2020,11(1):293-301

Glacio-isostatic adjustment(GIA)and tectonic activity are important factors in the formation of marine terraces.Late Holocene wave-cut benches in the eastern part of the West Sea of Korea,also called the Yellow Sea,can be divided into two steps:531 cm above sea level(ASL)for the upper bench(T2)and 464-481 cm ASL for the lower bench(T1).Sediments on the benches a re classified into four units,and are interpreted to be beach deposits acco rding to gravel shape,textu re,and seaward inclination.The ove rlying sediment indicates that T2 was formed at approximately 530 cm ASL before 2900 yr BP,and T1 at approximately 460-480 cm ASL before 1520 yr BP.Late Holocene(4000-2000 yr BP)relative sea level(RSL)curves based on GIA models are inconsistent with the wave-cut bench elevations.Comparing T1 and T2 benches to the RSL curves of the West Sea,the upper and the lower benches were uplifted by approximately 5-8 m and 4-7 m,respectively.Although the area is several hundred kilometers away from plate boundaries,the high frequency of earthquakes in the West Sea may have induced the uplift of wave-cut benches during the last 2000 years.These indicate that the west coast of the Korean Peninsula(KP)should no longer be considered an area of subsidence,but be assigned to a regime of uplift during the late Holocene.  相似文献   

Energy correction of dynamic cone penetration index for reliable evaluation of shear strength in frozen sand–silt mixtures     

Kim  Sang Yeob  Lee  Jong-Sub 《Acta Geotechnica》2020,15(4):947-961

Acta Geotechnica - Previously, in situ tests have been conducted in cold regions since infrastructures such as pipelines have been actively built on frozen ground. However, the engineering...  相似文献