西太平洋深海海水中乙醛降解菌多样性及群落结构研究     

高波良  商谢谢  李丽  狄文婕  曾润颖 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(8):54-64

As a major aldehyde pollutant widely existing in industry and our daily life, acetaldehyde is more and more harmful to human health. As characteristic habitat niche, bacteria from deep sea environments are abundant and distinctive in heredity, physiology and ecological functions. Thus, the development of acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria from deep sea provides a new method to harness acetaldehyde pollutant. Firstly, in this study,acetaldehyde-degrading bacteria in the deep sea water of the West Pacific Ocean were enriched in situ and in the laboratory respectively, and then the diversity of uncultured bacteria was studied by using 16 S r RNA genes. Then acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from two samples, including enrichment in situ and enrichment in laboratory samples of deep sea water from the West Pacific Ocean using acetaldehyde as the sole carbon source,and then the ability of acetaldehyde degradation was detected. Our results showed that the main uncultured bacteria of two samples with different enrichment approaches were similar, including Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria, but the structure of bacterial community were significant different.Four subgroups, α, γ, δ and ε, were found in Proteobacteria group. The γ-Proteobacteria was dominant(63.5%clones in laboratory enriched sample, 75% clones in situ enriched sample). The species belonged to γ-Proteobacteria and their proportion was nearly identical between the two enrichment samples, and Vibrio was the predominant genus(45% in laboratory enriched sample, 48.5% in situ enriched sample), followed by Halomonas(9% in situ enriched sample) and Streptococcus(6% in laboratory enriched sample). A total of 12 acetaldehyde-degrading strains were isolated from the two samples, which belonged to Vibrio, Halomonas,Pseudoalteromonas, Pseudomonas and Bacillus of γ-Proteobacteria. Strains ACH-L-5, ACH-L-8 and ACH-S-12,belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas, have strong ability of acetaldehyde degradation, which could tolerate 1.5 g/L acetaldehyde and degrade 350 mg/L acetaldehyde within 24 hours. Our results indicated that bacteria of γ-Proteobacteria may play an important role in carbon cycle of deep sea environments, especial the bacteria belonging to Vibrio and Halomonas and these strains was suggested for their potentials in government of aldehyde pollutants.  相似文献   

矢量数据栅格化的一种有效方法——环绕数法   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

武广臣  左建章  刘艳  李丽 《测绘科学》2009,34(1)

矢量数据栅格化是GIS数据处理的一项重要任务。目前,已存在多种栅格化方法,但是每种方法都有各自的局限性。本文首次提出了环绕数法,它基于计算几何转角理论,通过计算跨越数来确定环绕数,是一种简单、高效、易于实现的栅格化方法。应用环绕数法,不但可以完成简单多边形的栅格化,而且可以完成自交多边形的栅格化。  相似文献   

缓冲区生成研究进展评述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王结臣  陈焱明  李丽 《测绘科学》2009,34(5)

缓冲区分析是GIS的核心空间分析功能之一,缓冲区生成在GIS软件开发中亦具有重要地位。目前,对缓冲区生成的研究主要着重于平面坐标系下点、线、面及复合目标缓冲区的生成方法。本文从生成算法、应用需求、实现技术等角度探讨了缓冲区生成的基本问题与目前的研究现状,从算法特点、性能、适用性等方面评述了近年来提出的算法,总结了目前存在的一些难点,在此基础上对缓冲区生成的未来发展趋势进行了展望,并认为以下内容是缓冲区生成研究方面有待加强的方向:面向海量空间数据和网络应用的高性能缓冲区生成算法研究;基于地球椭球体表面、基于网络距离等非平面空间参考系下的缓冲区生成方法。  相似文献   

美国地下核武器试验情况     

Ferd.  LJ 周克昌 《地震科技情报》1996,(3):24-24

  相似文献   

The physical and infrared spectral properties of CO2 in astrophysical ice analogs     

Sandford SA  Allamandola LJ 《The Astrophysical journal》1990,355(1):357-372

Both laboratory measurements and theory indicate that CO2 should be a common component in interstellar ices. We show that the exact band position, width, and profile of the solid-state 12CO2 infrared bands near 3705, 3600, 2340, and 660 cm-1 (2.70, 2.78, 4.27, and 15.2 micrometers) and the 13CO2 band near 2280 cm-1 (4.39 micrometers) are dependent on the matrix in which the CO2 is frozen. Measurements of these bands in astronomical spectra can be used to determine column densities of solid-state CO2 and provide important information on the physical conditions present in the ice grains of which the CO2 is a part. Depending on the composition of the ice, the CO2 asymmetric stretching band was observed to vary from 2328.7 to 2346.0 cm-1 and have full widths at half-maxima (FWHMs) ranging from 4.7 to 29.9 cm-1. The other CO2 bands showed similar variations. Both position and width are also concentration dependent. Absorption coefficients were determined for the five CO2 bands. These were found to be temperature independent for CO2 in CO and CO2 matrices but varied slightly with temperature for CO2 in H2O-rich ices. For all five bands this variation was found to be less than 15% from 10 to 150 K, the temperature at which H2O ice sublimes. A number of parameters associated with the physical behavior of CO2 in CO2- and H2O-rich ices were also determined. The CO2-CO2 surface binding energy in pure CO2 ices is found to be (delta Hs/k) = 2690 +/- 50 K. CO2-H2O and CO-H2O surface binding energies were determined to be (delta Hs/k) = 2860 +/- 200 K and 1740 +/- 100 K, respectively. Under our experimental conditions, CO2 condenses in measurable quantities into H2O-rich ices at temperatures up to 100 K, only slightly higher than the temperature at which pure CO2 condenses. Once frozen into an H2O-rich ice, the subsequent loss of CO2 upon warming is highly dependent on concentration. For ices with H2O/CO2 > 20, the CO is physically trapped within the H2O lattice, and little CO2 is lost until the sublimation temperature of the H2O matrix is reached. In contrast, in ices having H2O/CO2 < 5, the CO2 remains only to temperatures of about 90 K. Above this point the CO2 readily diffuses out of the H2O matrix. These results suggest that two different forms of H2O lattice are produced. The implications of these data for cometary models and our understanding of cometary formation are considered.  相似文献   

利用本土和外来植物修复“退塘还湿”鱼塘植物群落和改善水质的效果对比   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张勇  岳亮亮  李丽萍  田昆  肖德荣 《湿地科学》2018,(3)

于2017年4月2日和3日,在云南普洱五湖国家湿地公园内的"退塘还湿"鱼塘和湿地公园周边对照鱼塘,开展了野外调查,对比了补种本土植物荷花(Nelumbo nucifera)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)、李氏禾(Leersiahexandra Swartz)、水马齿(Callitriche stagnalis)和引种外来植物再力花(Thalia dealbata)、纸莎草(Cyperus papyrus)、梭鱼草(Pontederia cordata)对鱼塘植物群落修复和水质改善的效果。研究结果表明,采用补种本土植物的鱼塘岸带植物物种数显著高于对照鱼塘和引种外来植物的鱼塘的物种数(n=27,p0.001),水体浊度显著低于对照鱼塘和引种外来植物的鱼塘(n=27,p0.01);补种本土植物和引种外来植物都可以有效改善鱼塘水体的水质;补种本土植物的鱼塘的水体温度和p H分别显著下降了2.9℃和1.3,水中的总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量和叶绿素含量分别显著降低了89.8%、76.5%、83.5%、82.6%、85.7%和95%;引种外来植物的鱼塘的水体温度和p H分别显著下降了3.4℃和1.0,水体总氮、总磷、氨氮、化学需氧量、五日生化需氧量和叶绿素含量也分别显著下降了79.6%、82.4%、73.2%、61.6%、66.1%和68.5%。与引种外来植物相比,补种本土植物在维持鱼塘植物物种多样性和改善水质方面更具有优势。  相似文献   

“一带一路”区域水电站工程生态环境影响遥感监测     

龚围  李丽  柳钦火  辛晓洲  彭志晴  邬明权  牛铮  田海峰 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(7):1424-1436

为实现“一带一路”区域可持续发展,我国倡导绿色、低碳、循环、可持续的生产生活方式,建设绿色“一带一路”。遥感技术在生态环境监测与评价方面具有重要作用。本文以“一带一路”区域中国援建的水电站工程为研究对象,基于陆地系列卫星(Landsat)、哨兵2号（Sentinel-2）等遥感对地观测数据,利用决策树与缓冲区分析等方法,从水电站库区概况、水电站对植被生长状况与生态资源影响等方面,开展“一带一路”区域水电站项目建设对当地经济发展和生态环境影响的遥感监测及分析。本文首先根据遥感影像与DEM确定库区及库容,结合最小外接正方形面积比及平均宽度等指标确定各水电站缓冲区类型和范围。利用NDWI及NDVI构建决策树模型,提取各缓冲区土地利用类型,分为水体、林地、草地、耕地和其它5类;结合区域植被覆盖度,估算库区生态占用并对水电站建成前后的土地利用类型和植被变化进行分析。研究结果表明：① “一带一路”沿线10座水电站造成的生态损失与库区面积呈正相关,不同工程间,在水体、林地、草地、耕地和其它方面的损失面积大小存在较大差异;② 土地利用类型与植被覆盖度年均变化幅度约为0.35%、1.27%,水电站修建对周边生态资源与植被生长状况影响较小,同时在植被覆盖度较低的地区水电站的修建会明显改善周边环境;③ 各水电站周边的植被覆盖度差异较大,大部分水电站周边植被生长状况良好;④ 水电站建设始终坚持工程建设与环境保护并重,从施工设计到水电站后期维护期间,积极采取环保措施,减少占用,保护生物多样性,生态风险防范得当;⑤ 水电站提供了优质的清洁能源,促进了当地经济和社会发展。  相似文献   

短期前兆动态变化与地震关系的研究   总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1  

李献智  李丽 《地震》1997,17(2):149-156

应用地震前周、月会商中各前兆手段提出了短期兆异常动态变化，研究了地震短临异常的某些特征和综合预报指标，其最大的特点是应用在不知未来是否有地震的情况下提供的短期异常，总结了地震预报的经验，所以，是从一个新的角度研究的，而不同于以往的震例总结，因此，该经验更接近于日常实际的预报，可能更具有实用性。  相似文献   

青藏高原及邻近地区寒潮中期天气过程的正压能量学特征     

李丽  蔡承侠 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1991,(2)

本文利用波数域能量方程,以1987年11月下旬青藏高原及邻近地区的一次寒潮为例,研究了寒潮爆发前后约4周内的能量变化特征。  相似文献   

Hydrogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the 2940 and 2850 wavenumber (3.40 and 3.51 micron) infrared emission features     

Bernstein MP  Sandford SA  Allamandola LJ 《The Astrophysical journal》1996,472(2):L127-L130

The 3150-2700 cm-1 (3.17-3.70 microns) range of the spectra of a number of Ar-matrix-isolated PAHs containing excess H atoms (Hn-PAHs) are presented. This region covers features produced by aromatic and aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations as well as overtone and combination bands involving lower lying fundamentals. The aliphatic C-H stretches in molecules of this type having low to modest excess H coverage provide excellent fits to a number of the weak emission features superposed on the plateau between 3080 and 2700 cm-1 (3.25 and 3.7 microns) in the spectra of many planetary nebulae, reflection nebulae, and H II regions. Higher H coverage is implied for a few objects. We compare these results in context with the other suggested identifications of the emission features in the 2950-2700 cm-1 (3.39-3.70 microns) region and briefly discuss their astrophysical implications.  相似文献