中国城市地表灰尘中重金属的富集状况及空间分布特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王硕  蔡立梅  王秋爽  罗杰  唐翠华  穆桂珍  蒋慧豪  刘天勇 《地理研究》2018,37(8):1624-1640

在统计中国城市地表灰尘中重金属含量的已有相关文献基础上,探讨了中国地表灰尘中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd五种元素的空间分布特征及各省份的富集状况。搜集到的各地区地表灰尘重金属含量的研究数据分别为69、84、86、79、58个。对研究数据剔除异常值后分别进行克里金插值和统计各省份地表灰尘重金属含量的平均值,并与土壤背景值作对比计算出累积指数,得到中国地表灰尘中重金属的空间分布状况和各省份的富集水平。结果表明：中国地表灰尘中重金属含量普遍较高,且各地区重金属含量水平存在不同程度上的差异。就整体而言,Cu、Pb、Zn三种重金属含量的空间分布较为相似,由高到低均大致呈南—北走势,而Cr含量呈中部高两侧低的趋势,Cd并无明显趋势。各省份平均值与土壤背景值相比,除Cr在山东省和贵州省无富集状况以外,各省的地表灰尘中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd均具有一定的富集。其中,湖南省的Cd和Pb均富集最为严重,分别是土壤背景值的177.95和42.82倍;Cr在福建省富集最为严重,为背景值的7.11倍;广东省的Cu富集水平最高,是背景值的10.35倍,而Zn在江西省的富集水平最高,超出背景值39.13倍。  相似文献   

南京及周边地区雷达气候学分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙康远  郑媛媛  慕瑞琪  夏文梅  谢志清 《气象学报》2017,75(1):178-192

为了研究南京及周边地区暖季（6-9月）对流风暴的活动分布规律,利用2009-2013年6-9月长时间序列的南京多普勒天气雷达数据识别对流回波并格点化,统计并分析了南京及周边地区对流风暴的气候学分布特征,结果表明:（1）在暖季,南京及周边地区对流风暴具有明显的区域分布特征,其中7与8月为对流风暴活动高峰期,对流风暴频数分布大值中心位于南京东部沿江地区;（2）不同尺度和伸展高度对流风暴的分布特征各不相同,较大较深对流的分布大值中心更加明显;（3）对流风暴的垂直结构因月份不同而有所差异,7与8月对流风暴强度最大;（4）不同尺度和伸展高度对流风暴频数存在明显的日变化特征,呈多峰分布,主峰值区位于午后,同样,各月份对流风暴频数的日变化特征也非常明显,呈单峰或者多峰分布。   相似文献   

艾比湖盐尘对周边地区土壤盐分及景观变化的影响   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

吉力力·阿不都外力  徐俊荣  穆桂金  徐曼  M.V.Gabchenko 《冰川冻土》2007,29(6):928-939

通过对准噶尔盆地西部艾比湖地区盐尘的扩散和堆积进行观测和取样分析,鉴别出粉尘中可溶盐的化学成分、pH和盐尘堆积强度,分析研究了盐尘的形成、分布特征和灾害强度以及盐尘暴与温度、降水、风等气候因子之间的相关关系.结果表明:近50 a来艾比湖的沉积环境总体是比较稳定的,但由于气候波动与人类活动引起艾比湖水位、水域面积曾发生较明显的变化,并产生了盐尘暴的发生、湖泊和土壤盐度以及湖周景观的变化.根据艾比湖周边盐漠区盐尘的时空分布规律、活动特点和危害强度分析,盐尘对准噶尔盆地西部土壤盐分及景观变化的影响强度范围和影响程度划分为3级区.  相似文献   

基于GRACE-FO的微波与激光星间测距数据的重力场模型对比分析     

朱紫彤  闫易浩  梁磊  穆庆禄  王长青  冯伟  钟敏 《大地测量与地球动力学》2022,42(12):1262-1268

为分析GRACE-FO微波测距系统KBR及激光干涉测距系统LRI对时变重力场结果的影响,以动力学方法为基础,分别采用KBR数据和LRI数据反演2019-01~2021-08的90阶无约束时变重力场模型APM_KBR和APM_LRI,并进行对比分析。 从重力场模型阶方差和等效水柱高的空间分布来看,在两类测距数据完整且质量较好的前提下,两者精度处于同一水平,而当发生较多月卫星机动或其他卫星事件时会使LRI数据缺失,从而导致APM_LRI模型在该月得到的等效水柱高时间序列信噪比略低。由后验残差结果可知,APM_LRI后验残差RMS比APM_KBR减少约50%,且在高频处(大于等于60 CPR)LRI的后验残差显著低于KBR。总体来说,在现有条件下,由于背景场模型等其他因素影响,两类测距数据反演重力场的阶方差和等效水柱高结果基本一致,但后验残差上LRI测距具有更低的噪声。因此,未来可直接使用LRI测距数据探测、分析较弱的地球物理信号。  相似文献   

Phospholipid Compositions in Portunus trituberculatus Larvae at Different Developmental Stages     

LU Zhibin  SHI Ce  LIU Lei  MU Changkao  YE Yangfang  WANG Chunlin 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):152-162

Phospholipids are used to improve the growth and survival of Portunus trituberculatus,a widely cultured crab species in China.However,only total phospholipids or several classes are applied in crab diets.In this study,we employed a targeted lipidomic method to investigate the comprehensive phospholipid composition in P.trituberculatus larvae and reveal the changing phospholipid profile over the larval development.Results showed that P.trituberculatus larvae contain 112 phospholipid species belonging to 10 phospholipid classes,in which phosphatidylcholine(PC)and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE)species are the most abundant,and PC,PE,phosphatidic acid,and phosphatidylserine(PS)are with high concentrations.The levels of all phospholipids significantly changed with larval development,which was highlighted by the downward parabolic changes in PE,phosphatidylglycerol,phosphatidylino-sitol,PS,lysophosphatidic acid,and sphingomyelin levels.In addition,nearly all phospholipid species were depleted at the M stage,which probably contributed to the mass mortality of crab larvae.These findings on the composition and alterations of phospholipids in P.trituberculatus larvae provide novel perspectives for the targeted supplementation of phospholipids in crab diets.Our work also highlights the use of targeted UHPLC-MS lipidomics in understanding the changes of phospholipids during crab development.  相似文献   

Effect of Long-Term Low-Salinity Culture on the Survival,Growth, and Nutrient Composition of Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain     

JI Zilu  LI Ronghua  WANG Chunlin  ZHANG Zhouyi  ZHANG Weijia  MU Changkao  SONG Weiwei 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2022,21(1):179-185

This study investigated the effects of long-term low-salinity on the growth performance,proximate composition,amino acid and fatty acid profiles of Scylla paramamosain.The salinity of the low-salinity-culture group(LC)and maintained-salinity-cul-ture group(MC)were set at 5 and 25 respectively.After rearing for 30 d,the survival rate(SR)of the LC group was significantly lower,whereas the average daily molting frequency(ADMF)was significantly higher than those in MC group(P<0.05).There were no significant difference for weight gain rate(WGR)and specific growth rate(SGR)between the two groups.The moisture content of the LC group was slightly higher than the MC group without significant difference.The contents of ash,crude lipid and crude pro-tein in the LC group were lower than those in the MC group,but no significant differences were found except for ash content.A total of 17 free amino acids and 23 fatty acids were identified from the muscle of S.paramamosain.The total amino acids(TAA),essen-tial amino acids(EAA)and essential amino acid index(EAAI)had no significant difference between the two groups.The crabs from LC group had a significantly higher HUFA,including EPA,DHA,ARA.The percentage of n-3 PUFA and the ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFA were significantly higher in the LC group.These results indicated that S.paramamosain rearing at low salinity had significantly de-creased SR;however,the low-salinity environment significantly promoted the accumulation of unsaturated fatty acids(UFAs),espe-cially the n-3 PUFA,which might be related to the osmoregulation mechanism.  相似文献   

The IAMAS-CNC Early Career Scientists Nobel Prize Online Interpretation Workshop     

Jing LI  Zhongjing JIANG  Yueming DONG  Lu ZHANG  Tong YING  Zhenyu ZHANG  Mu MU 《大气科学进展》2022,39(6):1012-1015

1.Overview The 2021 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to three scientists for their contribution to the physical understanding of complex systems(The Nobel Committee for Physics,2021).Two of the laureates,Dr.Syukuro MANABE and Dr.Klaus HASSELMANN,are climate scientists.This is the first time a climate scientist has won a Nobel Prize for physics and is thus a great encouragement to the entire climate science community,especially young scientists.Because the two winners'groundbreaking contributions that led to their award were achieved decades ago,young people may not be very familiar with these works.Therefore,to help young scientists better understand the scientific merit of the fundamental works and to inspire them in their future research careers,on 20 October 2021,the young scientist working group of The China National Committee of the International Association of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences(IAMAS-CNC)organized an online Nobel Prize interpretation workshop.Over 400 participants attended the online workshop,and more than 120000 parti-cipants watched the replay.  相似文献   

考虑流固耦合效应的单桩式海上风电机组结构响应模拟     

乐可定  郁冶  赵兰浩  牟凯龙 《海洋工程》2023,41(5):37-47

针对海上风电整机系统,建立了一体化流固耦合分析方法。在模拟过程中,采用浸入边界法解决风机叶片旋转引起的静动干涉问题,利用改进的守恒式 level set（简称 ICLS）方法捕捉海浪自由面,并使用交错迭代法求解流固耦合方程。通过构建 “风机—塔架—基础”一体化流固耦合数值模拟方法,能够在一次仿真计算中实现海上风电整机系统的全过程数值模拟,准确求解多荷载耦合作用下“风机—塔架—基础”的整体结构动力响应。以某单桩式海上风电工程为例,验证了本方法能够实现对海上风电整体系统的一体化分析。  相似文献   

略图调制系统的设计与实现   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

穆宣社  巩万波 《海洋测绘》2004,24(5):42-45

介绍了应用Visual C 6.0开发工具开发的略图调制系统,内容主要包括：开发背景、系统总体构成、主要功能和应用实例,并对一些技术要点作了原理性阐述,最后简单展望了进一步的工作。  相似文献   

油气勘探中的碳酸盐岩古岩溶研究方法综述   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

宋来明  彭仕宓  穆立华  李国蓉  黄述旺 《煤田地质与勘探》2005,33(3):15-18

检索了国内外相关文献,重新阐述了古岩溶的概念,同时介绍了岩溶研究进展情况。在此基础上,对国内外学者关于古岩溶研究的方法和技术手段进行总结,分析了几种主要方法的优点和不足之处,并对今后岩溶研究思路和方法提出建议。   相似文献