Estimating field‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity by a simplified Beerkan infiltration experiment          下载免费PDF全文

V. Bagarello  S. Di Prima  M. Iovino  G. Provenzano 《水文研究》2014,28(3):1095-1103

Field‐saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, K_fs, is highly variable. Therefore, interpreting and simulating hydrological processes, such as rainfall excess generation, need a large number of K_fs data even at the plot scale. Simple and reasonably rapid experiments should be carried out in the field. In this investigation, a simple infiltration experiment with a ring inserted shortly into the soil and the estimation of the so‐called α* parameter allowed to obtain an approximate measurement of K_fs. The theoretical approach was tested with reference to 149 sampling points established on Burundian soils. The estimated K_fs with the value of first approximation of α* for most agricultural field soils (α* = 0.012 mm^?1) differed by a practically negligible maximum factor of two from the saturated conductivity obtained by the complete Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters (BEST) procedure for soil hydraulic characterization. The measured infiltration curve contained the necessary information to obtain a site‐specific prediction of α*. The empirically derived α* relationship gave similar results for K_fs (mean = 0.085 mm s^?1; coefficient of variation (CV) = 71%) to those obtained with BEST (mean = 0.086 mm s^?1; CV = 67%), and it was also successfully tested with reference to a few Sicilian sampling points, since it yielded a mean and a CV of K_fs (0.0094 mm s^?1 and 102%, respectively) close to the values obtained with BEST (mean = 0.0092 mm s^?1; CV = 113%). The developed method appears attractive due to the extreme simplicity of the experiment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

断层蠕滑时空分布的GNSS网络滤波反演     

徐克科  姚笛  刘吉鹏  赵付领 《大地测量与地球动力学》2020,40(7):661-666

为从现今庞大的GNSS观测网络中快速检测断层蠕滑形变，精细反演蠕滑时空分布及演变特征，提出集GNSS网络滤波、地表形变信息提取和地下断层蠕滑时空分布反演三者于一体的方法。该方法同时采用整个GNSS网络的时空观测阵列，利用断层形变高空间相关的特点，对覆盖断裂带地表的GNSS位移时空序列进行主成分分析，利用主成分信息快速检测并反演蠕滑断层的时空分布与演变过程。以2005年苏门答腊M_W8.6地震震后余滑和2006年墨西哥Guerrero州慢滑移为例，本文方法可成功检测并反演蠕滑断层的时空分布及演变特征，结果与相关研究成果吻合。  相似文献   

The Palaeocene/Eocene boundary section at Zumaia (Basque‐Cantabric Basin) revisited: new insights from high‐resolution magnetic susceptibility and carbon isotope chemostratigraphy on organic matter (δ13Corg)     

Jean‐Yves Storme  Xavier Devleeschouwer  Johann Schnyder  Geoffrey Cambier  Juan Ignacio Baceta  Victoriano Pujalte  Antonietta Di Matteo  Paola Iacumin  Johan Yans 《地学学报》2012,24(4):310-317

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Is the current flood of data enough? A treatise on research needs for the improvement of flood modelling     

Giuliano Di Baldassarre  Stefan Uhlenbrook 《水文研究》2012,26(1):153-158

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Picritic porphyrites and associated basalts from the remnant Comei Large Igneous Province in SE Tibet: records of mantle‐plume activity     

Ying Xia  Di‐Cheng Zhu  Qing Wang  Zhi‐Dan Zhao  Dong Liu  Li‐Quan Wang  Xuan‐Xue Mo 《地学学报》2014,26(6):487-494

Picritic porphyrites and associated basalts are found in Lower Cretaceous slates within the recently identified remnant Comei Large Igneous Province, SE Tibet. They provide an opportunity to explore the mantle potential temperature of this large igneous province and the genetic correlation between the picritic porphyrites and associated basalts. The high levels of MgO and CaO in olivine phenocrysts from the picritic porphyrites indicate that these olivines crystallized from high‐Mg magmas. By deducting the accumulated olivines, we determined a parental magma MgO content for the picritic porphyrites of c. 20% MgO, corresponding to a mantle potential temperature of >1550 °C for the parental magma. Such a high temperature provides solid evidence for a mantle‐plume origin of the remnant Comei Large Igneous Province. Parallel trace‐element patterns and similar ε_Nd (T) and (¹⁷⁷Os/¹⁷⁸Os)_T values in the picritic porphyrites and associated basalts suggest a common hot mantle source region for their generation.  相似文献   

黑龙江金厂金矿钾长石的结构状态与温度及其成矿意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李山坡  许虹  高迪  陈俊魁 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2012,31(1):31-37,51

钾长石有序度及结构温度可以为探明矿床形成的物化条件、成矿历史等问题提供重要的依据.为阐明本区钾长石及其与矿化的关系,本文分别采用红外光谱和X射线粉晶衍射两种方法对金厂金矿18#矿体的钾长石进行了有序度等相关参数的测定,X粉晶衍射测得有序度及三斜度为:0.42～0.64,0.00～0.125;红外光谱测得有序度:0.60～1.40;结构参数为0.143～0.991;最终结构温度为370～450℃.结果发现,X射线单斜有序度Sm与红外光谱有序度θ反映出的钾长石有序度的变化规律是一致的,且有序度随着蚀变程度增强而增大;本区钾长石为热液蚀变的产物,其形成过程与金矿的沉淀富集有密切关系,可作为矿床的有利找矿标志.  相似文献   

GIS-based hydrostratigraphic modeling of the city of Rome (Italy): analysis of the geometric relationships between a buried aquifer in the Tiber Valley and the confining hydrostratigraphic complexes   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

C. Di Salvo  E. Di Luzio  M. Mancini  M. Moscatelli  G. Capelli  G. P. Cavinato  R. Mazza 《Hydrogeology Journal》2012,20(8):1549-1567

A preliminary hydrostratigraphic model of the city of Rome (Italy) was completed through the analysis of geological and hydrogeological data, and by using geographic information system (GIS)-based operations. The complex lithostratigraphic setting of a local Quaternary volcano-sedimentary multilayer was simplified into hydrostratigraphic complexes considering textural properties of terrains and hydraulic conductivity values. The Tiber River Valley, in the middle of the urban area, was analyzed separately from the surrounding areas. GIS tools were used in a multiple-step procedure to reconstruct the geometry of bounding surfaces of the main hydrostratigraphic complexes. Particular care was given to the characterization of a confined gravelly aquifer lying at the base of the upper Pleistocene?CHolocene alluvium that fills the Tiber Valley. Updated isobaths and thickness maps of this layer were produced. Three-dimensional reconstruction identifies areas of potential recharge between the alluvium aquifer and the surrounding hydrostratigraphic complexes. In the central sector of the city, the gravel deposits are laterally confined by a thick aquitard corresponding to the Pliocene clayey bedrock of the city; in contrast, a potential recharge area can be hypothesized in the northern areas, where the upper Pleistocene?CHolocene valley cross cuts the Paleotiber Graben, filled with older and highly permeable gravels and clays.  相似文献   

雪峰山西侧重点白云岩储层成岩、储集特征 及质量影响因素     

李嵘  张娣  赵瞻  朱丽霞 《地质通报》2012,31(11):1852-1861

雪峰山西侧地区下古生界中—上寒武统和震旦系灯影组白云岩是潜在的重要油气储集层。作为主要目的层段,本区的白云岩类型主要包括结晶白云岩、残余颗粒白云岩、灰质白云岩和藻白云岩四大类。白云岩储层总体上均属于低—特低孔、低—特低渗储层。影响储层发育的成岩事件包括重结晶作用、白云岩化作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用等。研究表明,白云岩结晶程度可以影响其初始孔隙的发育程度,具粉晶—细晶结晶程度的白云岩具有最好的孔渗性。白云岩化作用的强弱对储层物性具有较为直接的影响。最佳白云岩储层中主要储集空间包括晶间孔隙(包括剩余晶间孔和晶间溶蚀孔)、次生溶孔、洞和裂缝。总体上,较强的白云岩化作用、一定程度的重结晶、较发育的微裂缝、较好的区域渗透性、晚期压溶缝合线发育和晚期较大构造缝不发育等因素有利于白云岩储层的发育。  相似文献   

改造型盆地含油气系统分析 ——以雪峰山西侧盆山过渡带为例     

丘东洲  谢渊  赵瞻  李嵘  杨平  张娣  刘家洪 《地质通报》2012,31(11):1781-1794

南方是中国海相碳酸盐岩的主要分布地区之一,发育厚8000~10000m的震旦系—下三叠统海相沉积,形成了以震旦系、寒武系、奥陶系、志留系为主体的海相含油气系统下组合和以泥盆系、石炭系、二叠系、中下三叠统为主体的海相含油气系统上组合。上述含油气层系和油气组合在雪峰山西侧地区也有不同程度的发育,并具有复杂的圈闭条件、保存条件和成藏演化过程,蕴藏着丰富的油气资源。笔者着重讨论了改造型含油气盆地的研究思路、方法及研究区油气系统的地质作用过程,并在此基础上对4个重点区的含油气系统进行了分析,以期为深入开展雪峰山西侧地区油气地质调查和勘探目标区优选提供依据。  相似文献   

蒙古国塔南凹陷南屯组水下扇的沉积演化特征     

刘招君  张迪  贾建亮  蒙启安  陈永成  方石  苗长盛  韩娇艳 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2012,(Z1):1-7

利用基于Wheeler变换的数据驱动倾角导向体生成的非线性年代地层切片,研究蒙古国塔南凹陷下白垩统南屯组水下扇的沉积演化特征。基于沉积学的理论指导,通过单井相、连井相标定,结合地震反演、地震属性等技术,进行等时地层单元的沉积相分析;基于相控应用年代地层切片技术研究沉积演化特征。结果表明:塔南凹陷南屯组SQ21时期发育近岸水下扇及远岸水下扇,水下扇的沉积演化规模随着水体的加深先扩张后萎缩,到最大湖泛时期基本消失;切片中水道显示远岸水下扇是近岸水下扇二次搬运至同生断裂再次滑塌而成。  相似文献