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41.
Horizontal bidirectional loading tests are conducted for real-sized high-damping rubber (HDR) bearings with diameters of 700 mm (HDR700) and 1300 mm (HDR1300). The hysteresis loops of these bearings under bidirectional horizontal loadings are compared with those under unidirectional loadings. The results show that the bearing force measurement in the primary direction of loading increases when there is displacement in the orthogonal direction. Unusually, the maximum restoring force in the orthogonal direction to the primary loading direction occurs near zero displacement. On the basis of the observations of the restoring forces, a rate-independent model is proposed. This model simulates well the test results under both bidirectional loading and unidirectional loading. It can reproduce the irregular restoring forces characteristics around zero displacement as described above. Bidirectional loading induced twist deformation in the HDR bearings that increased local shear strains. This phenomenon results in an early failure as observed in HDR700. The additional shear strain is estimated based on the twist deformation measured by video image analysis. The comparison of the nominal total shear stress demonstrates that the increase of shear stress because of bidirectional loading occurs when the average shear strain is larger than about 200%. The larger the shear strain, the greater the bidirectional effect. It is shown that the nominal total shear stress of average strain of 350% under bidirectional circular loading pattern is approximately the same as the average shear strain of 400% under unidirectional loading. This means that the average shear strain of 350% under a bidirectional circular loading corresponds to a local shear strain of 400%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
42.
The deterioration of sediments is a serious environmental problem. Controlling nutrient release fluxes from sediments is important to alleviating eutrophication and to reducing terrigenous nutrient loads. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phosphate removal performance of granulated coal ash (GCA) from seawater, which is produced from coal thermal electric power generation. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the removal kinetics of phosphate from seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions. Phosphate was removed well from seawater under both oxic and anoxic conditions. The adsorption isotherm for phosphate revealed that GCA could remove phosphate effectively from seawater above a concentration of 1.7 μmol L−1. GCA can reduce the concentration of phosphate in seawater effectively under anoxic conditions where iron type adsorbents cannot be applied. Therefore, GCA could potentially be used to adsorb phosphate in the organically-enriched sediment, which generally occurs under highly reductive conditions. 相似文献
43.
Wook-Hyun Nahm Gyoo Ho Lee Dong-Yoon Yang Ju-Yong Kim Kenji Kashiwaya Masayoshi Yamamoto Aya Sakaguchi 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2010,43(3):489-498
This paper describes mean grain-size data from the 137Cs- and 210Pb-dated sediment core BS-3 (33-cm long) recovered from Jinheung Pond, located in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula.
Grain-size analysis of the Jinheung Pond sediments shows a clear signal for changes in annual precipitation over the past
60 years. Instrumental records of annual precipitation (AP) and the annual summation of the precipitation of >50 mm per day
(AP50), which reflects the energy available for sediment transport, correlate well with the mean grain-size distributions
measured in the core. The most plausible mechanism for this response in mean grain size is variations in the annual amount
and intensity of precipitation. Heavy precipitation enhances soil erosion over the catchment area and increases the transport
capacity of streams and rivers. Thus, coarser mean grain size should reflect higher precipitation, and smaller mean grain
size should reflect lower rainfall. In the data from core BS-3, however, grain-size peaks attributed to increased annual precipitation
are not prominent. This is because a dam prevents removal of fine particles from the pond via the outflow. Therefore, the
mean grain-size value represents somewhat larger sediments together with fine clays. The results of this study show that sediments
of dammed lakes and ponds are well suited for high-resolution environmental investigations, especially for records of changes
in precipitation over time. 相似文献
44.
45.
For the 1988?C2006 cold seasons, we investigated the characteristic structures of two types of cold-air outbreaks over the East China Sea: Type N, for which a thick layer of northerly meridional wind was formed during the cold-air outbreak; and Type S, for which an initially thin layer of northerly meridional wind was gradually thickened as the cold-air outbreak developed. The emergence frequencies of Type N and Type S outbreaks are sensitive to winter monsoon intensity at the 500-hectopascal (hPa) level. Type S outbreaks are dominant during strong El Ni?o events, leading to enhanced southerly meridional flow at 500?hPa over the East China Sea. The development of the 500-hPa Pacific High strongly influences the synoptic-scale structures of the two different types of outbreaks over the East China Sea. 相似文献
46.
Uno S Tanaka H Miki S Kokushi E Ito K Yamamoto M Koyama J 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,63(5-12):477-481
This paper reports for the first time the detection and occurrence of nitroarenes (NPAHs) in marine organisms. Mussels and oysters collected from Osaka Bay, Japan, had total NPAHs concentrations that ranged from 2380 to 24,688 pg/g dry and 2672 to 25,961 pg/g dry, respectively. Relatively higher concentrations were detected in sampling sites located near the central district and suburbs of Osaka City implying that the most probable sources of NPAHs in the two bivalves are exhaust gases and smokes emitted by automobiles and industrial plants. Bivalves had relatively higher residues of 1-nitronaphthalene, 2-nitronaphthalene, 3-nitrophenanthrene, and 9-nitrophenanthrenes. Residues of 2-nitrofluorene, 1-nitropyrene, 4-nitropyrenes, and 6-nitrochrysene were much lower compared to nitronaphthalenes and nitrophenanthrenes. Inter-species differences was only observed for 2-nitronaphthalene with oysters exhibiting significantly higher residues than mussels. 相似文献
47.
Hiroaki Todo Koji Yamamoto Mamoru Mimura Susumu Yasuda 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(3):941-963
On October 15, 2010, the Japanese Geotechnical Society (JGS) announced the public release of ‘Nation-wide Electronic Geotechnical Database Systems,’ which provides geotechnical information to the public on the internet. The information the system provides is a collection of ground models at 250 m by 250 m in plan built by using data from various geotechnical information databases. The paper first describes historical development of the geotechnical information databases in Japan, and introduces a 5-year project, ‘Integrated Geophysical and Geological Information Database in Japan,’ led by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED), and participated by the JGS. The paper then presents the JGS’ ‘Nation-wide Electronic Geotechnical Database Systems,’ and describes why such system was proposed and built, followed by the presentation of the examples for possible application of the system. 相似文献
48.
49.
Inflation along Kilauea's Southwest Rift Zone in 2006 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
David Myer David Sandwell Benjamin Brooks James Foster Masanobu Shimada 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
We report on InSAR and GPS results showing the first crustal inflation along the southwest rift zone at Kilauea volcano in over 20 years. Two independent interferograms (May 2–August 2, 2006 and June 22–Nov 7, 2006) from the ALOS PALSAR instrument reveal domal uplift located southwest of the main caldera. The uplift is bounded on the northeast by the caldera and follows the southwest rift zone for about 12 km. It is approximately 8 km wide. We use data derived from permanent GPS stations to calibrate the InSAR displacement data and estimate uplift of 7.7 cm during the first interferogram and 8.9 cm during the second with line-of-sight volumes of 2.8 × 106 m3 and 3.0 × 106 m3 respectively. The earthquake record for the periods before, during, and after inflation shows that a swarm of shallow earthquakes (z < 5 km) signaled the beginning of the uplift and that elevated levels of shallow seismicity along the rift zones occurred throughout the uplift period. GPS data indicate that the inflation occurred steadily over nine months between mid-January and mid-October, 2006 making injection of a sill unlikely. We attribute the inflation to recharge of a shallow ductile area under the SWRZ. 相似文献
50.
K. Mizumura Y. Kumagait H. Tsutsui T. Nishimoto T. Yamamoto 《Environmental Geology》2000,39(10):1147-1154
X-ray fluorescent spectroscope analysis easily finds ratios of geochemical elements in soil. Applying the method of ratio
matching to measured ratios, the classification of geological layers, and the flow directions of groundwater can be determined.
This method is applied to three hill slopes in Japan and the results are in good agreement with the observations and measurements
of soil cores obtained by drilling. The classification of geological layers is found to be quantitatively connected with the
rates of organic matter in soil cores.
Received: 5 February 1999 · Accepted: 7 September 1999 相似文献