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61.
62.
Hikaru Komatsu Narimasa Yoshida Hideki Takizawa Izumi Kosaka Chatchai Tantasirin Masakazu Suzuki 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2003,106(3):573-592
Using data for one year, we examined the vertical wind speed profileson a mountain slope covered with forest in northern Thailand undera tropical monsoon climate. We defined two profile patterns: higherwind speeds at greater heights (Pattern 1) and lower wind speeds atgreater heights (Pattern 2). We classified 9.4% of the data as Pattern 2;this pattern tended to occur during the night, at low wind speeds, and with high outgoing longwave radiation. In addition, stable stratification anddecoupling between the canopy surface air and the overlying layers wereobserved when Pattern 2 occurred frequently. These facts suggested thatPattern 2 was caused by a nocturnal drainage flow. The occurrence ofPattern 2 showed a clear seasonal trend, indicating that there is a seasonaltrend in the occurrence of nocturnal drainage flows. Pattern 2 was observedmore frequently between August and February and less frequently betweenMarch and July. This corresponded to the seasonal trend in wind speed, butdid not correspond to the seasonal trend in the outgoing longwave radiation. 相似文献
63.
In this paper some observations and their analysis are presented dealing with the link between seismic signals and avalanche flow. The measurements during the passage of avalanches showed a specific spindle pattern which was quite different from the one of natural earthquakes. The general trend strongly depended on the topographic features of the avalanche path, and as a result we could estimate avalanche velocity. The running power spectrum showed a meaningful shift of the dominant peak from the front to the rear part of the flow. 相似文献
64.
Masanori Miyake 《Chemical Geology》1987,60(1-4):351-359
Based on the analysis of some of the physical and chemical properties of the reddish-colored soils from southeast Brazil four fertility classes of soils were proposed. The soils of class 1 which are characterized by a low inherent fertility are sandy soils which become less fertile after cultivation. The soils of class 2 which are derived from carbonate-cemented sandstone have a high base status under forest vegetation, but become very poor after cultivation and erosion. The soils of class 3 which have a moderate inherent fertility become more fertile after cultivation along with liming and fertilization. Class-4 soils are inherently fertile and their fertility can be maintained and enhanced easily by management practices. The potentially self-improving soils of classes 3 and 4 have a phosphate sorption coefficient above 1000 which corresponds to a definite content in clay, free Fe, total P, and water-soluble silica. 相似文献
65.
Izumi Nakai Junji Akimoto Masayuki Imafuku Ritsuro Miyawaki Yoshinori Sugitani Kichiro Koto 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1987,15(2):113-124
X-ray absorption spectroscopy using synchrotron radiation has been applied to the investigation of the coordination geometries around Y, Zr and Nb atoms in metamict zircon, gadolinite, fergusonite, euxenite and samarskite. EXAFS and XANES spectra of their crystalline counterparts and synthetic compounds including ZrO2, Y2O3, YNbTiO6, YNbO4, LiNbO3, and NiNb2O6 were also measured for comparison. Metamict zircon shows a significant decrease in its Zr-O bond distances accompanying an increase in distortion of the Zr-O coordination polyhedra as compared with crystalline zircon. On the contrary, the average Nb-O bond distances and the symmetry of the coordination polyhedra around the Nb atoms in metamict euxenite and samarskite resemble those in the crystalline euxenite. Compared with crystalline fergusonite, a decrease in the distortion of the Nb-O octahedra is observed in metamict fergusonite. The structures of the second nearest neighbors (the metal-metal interactions) are largely disrupted in the metamict specimens except for metamict zircon and samarskite with high trivalent iron concentration. Nb in metamict samarskite is in octahedral coordination by oxygen and is similar to that in euxenite. 相似文献
66.
Masanori Kurosawa Kunihiro Shima Satoshi Ishii Kimikazu Sasa 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2006,30(1):17-30
The concentrations of fifty trace elements, including relatively volatile elements and transition metal elements, in fused glasses of Geological Survey of Japan rock reference materials GSJ JR-2, JA-1, JA-2, JB-1a, JB-3, JGb-1 and JF-1 were determined by particle (proton) induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). The fused glasses were prepared by rapid fusion and subsequent quenching in welded platinum capsules and were found to be homogeneous for major elements and for trace elements with concentrations of more than 1 μg g-1 within the observed precision (± 10% mean) on a 70 μm sampling scale. The values obtained by PIXE and LA-ICP-MS for the transition elements (Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu), the relatively volatile elements (Zn, Ga, Rb and Pb) and the refractory elements (Y, Zr, Nb and Th) with concentrations greater than a few μg g-1 showed good agreement (within 10 % relative difference). The values for almost all the elements detected at concentrations higher than 1 μg g-1 as determined by LA-ICP-MS also agreed well with the reference values (mean relative difference < ± 10%), except for B and Cu. The good agreement confirmed the appropriateness of the NIST SRM 600 series glass calibration reference material for LA-ICP-MS analysis of glasses with variable major-element compositions for almost all elements. The concentrations of Cu in all the samples were lower than the reference values, which was attributed to adsorption of the transition metals onto the platinum capsule during preparation. 相似文献
67.
Arito Sakaguchi Akiko Yanagihara Kohtaro Ujiie Hidemi Tanaka Masanori Kameyama 《Tectonophysics》2007,443(3-4):220
Burial depth, cumulative displacement, and peak temperature of frictional heat of a fault system are estimated by thermal analysis in the fold–thrust belt of the Western Foothills complex, western Taiwan based on the vitrinite reflectance technique. The regional thermal structure across the complex reveals that the rocks were exposed to maximum temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 180 °C, which corresponds to a burial depth of 3.7–6.7 km. A large thermal difference of 90 °C were observed at the Shuilikeng fault which make the eastern boundary of the fold–thrust belt where it is in contact with metamorphic rock of Hsuehshan Range. The large thermal difference corresponds to cumulative displacements on the Shuilikeng fault estimated to be in the range of 5.2–6.9 km. However, thermal differences in across the Shuangtung and Chelungpu faults cannot be determined apparently due to small vertical offsets. The large displacement observed across the Shuilikeng fault is absent at the other faults which are interpreted to be younger faults within the piggyback thrust system. Localized high temperatures adjacent to fault zones were observed in core samples penetrating the Chelungpu fault. Three major fracture zones were observed at core lengths of 225 m, 330 m, and 405 m and the two lower zones which comprise dark gray narrow shear zones. A value of vitrinite reflectance of 1.8%, higher than the background value of 0.8%, is limited at a narrow shear zone of 1 cm thickness at the fracture zone at 330 m. The estimated peak temperature in the range of 550–680 °C in the shear zone is far higher than the background temperature of 130 °C, and it is interpreted as due to frictional heating during seismic faulting. 相似文献
68.
Journal of Seismology - In the Kanto Basin, Japan, it has been reported that the dominant periods of long-period ground motions vary depending on the areas where earthquakes occurred. This suggests... 相似文献
69.
Masahisa Kubota Naoto Iwasaka Shoichi Kizu Masanori Konda Kunio Kutsuwada 《Journal of Oceanography》2002,58(1):213-225
We have constructed ocean surface data sets using mainly satellite data and called them Japanese Ocean Flux data sets with
Use of Remote sensing Observations (J-OFURO). The data sets include shortwave radiation, longwave radiation, latent heat flux,
sensible heat flux, and momentum flux etc. This article introduces J-OFURO and compares it with other global flux data sets
such as European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) and National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)
reanalysis data and da Silva et al. (1994). The usual ECMWF data are used for comparison of zonal wind. The comparison is carried out for a meridional profile
along the dateline for January and July 1993. Although the overall spatial variation is common for all the products, there
is a large difference between them in places. J-OFURO shortwave radiation in July shows larger meridional contrast than other
data sets. On the other hand, J-OFURO underestimates longwave radiation flux at low- and mid-latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere.
J-OFURO latent heat flux in January overestimates at 10°N–20°N and underestimates at 25°N–40°N. Finally, J-OFURO shows a larger
oceanic net heat loss at 10°N–20°N and a smaller loss north of 20°N in January. The data of da Silva et al. in July show small net heat loss around 20°S and large gain around 20°N, while the NCEP reanalysis (NRA) data show the opposite.
The da Silva et al. zonal wind speed overestimates at low-latitudes in January, while ECMWF wind data seem to underestimate the easterlies.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
70.
Masanori?KondaEmail author Hiroshi?Ichikawa In-Seong?Han Xiao-Hua?Zhu Kaoru?Ichikawa 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(6):1089-1099
The relationship between the vertical profile of current on the bottom slope southeast of Okinawa Island and the offshore
meso-scale eddy propagated from the east was examined by combined use of the data obtained by a moored upward-looking ADCP
(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), PIES (Inverted Echo Sounder with Pressure gauge), hydrographic surveys and satellite
altimetry during a period from November 2000 to August 2001. The variability of current component parallel to the isobath
in the layer over 600 m is found to be markedly different from that in the layer below 600 m. The current variability in the
upper and the lower layer can be well explained by the first and second modes of the EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) decomposition.
The PIES and the sea surface height anomaly data suggest that the first mode represents the surface-trapped current associated
with the approach of the offshore meso-scale eddy from the east, whereas the second mode has a bottom-intensified structure.
The second mode velocity tends to delay to the first mode. The hydrographic data derived from CTD (Conductivity-Temperature-Depth
meter) and PIES data along the line across the isobath suggest that the second mode component is generated by the interaction
between the meso-scale eddy and the bottom topography. 相似文献