Respiration rates of planktonic crustaceans from the Inland Sea of Japan with special reference to the effects of body weight and temperature     

Shin-ichi Uye  Masanori Yashiro 《Journal of Oceanography》1988,44(2):47-51

A total of 293 measurements of respiration rate were made on planktonic crustaceans collected in different seasons from the Inland Sea of Japan. The relationship between the rate of oxygen consumption (R,μl O₂ indiv.⁻¹ hr⁻¹) and body dry weight (W, mg indiv.⁻¹), as expressed by a power function (R=aW ^b , or logR=loga+b logW), was established as a function of temperature (T, °C). The slope of the regression equation (b) was not significantly affected by seasonal temperature variation, but the intercept of the equation (loga) was strongly influenced by temperature. The equation describing this general relation is logR=(0.0444T−0.333)+0.713 logW.  相似文献   

The Kiryu Experimental Watershed: 50-years of rainfall-runoff data for a forest catchment in central Japan     

Masanori Katsuyama  Nobuhito Ohte  Yoshiko Kosugi  Makoto Tani 《水文研究》2021,35(3):e14104

The Kiryu Experimental Catchment (KEW) is a small (5.99 ha) forest catchment located in Shiga Prefecture, central Japan (34°58′ N, 136°00′ E; www.bluemoon.kais.kyoto-u.ac.jp/kiryu/contents.html ). Around this area, forest devastation occurred from ca. 1250 to ca. 150 years ago because of overuse of forest and timbers. Then, hillside forestation was carried out for more than 100 years to prevent soil erosion and support the timber industry, and consequently, most of this area is now covered with plantation forests mainly by Chamaecyparis obtusa Sieb. et Zucc. (Japanese cypress) planted around 1960's. This plantation forest is not actively managed. The KEW is one of the leading experimental forests with long-term monitoring data in Japan. Research in the KEW began in 1967 to elucidate the hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the forested catchment in relation to climate, geology, soil, and vegetation growth. Since then, the long-term hydrological data of precipitation, runoff and sediment transport are continuously monitoring. In this study, we provide the data and preliminarily discuss the rainfall–runoff patterns and sediment transport through 50 years in the KEW. The annual precipitation and the maximum daily rainfall have been greater than the average over the last decade. In response to the rainfall patterns, the ratio of annual direct runoff to precipitation was also larger in the last decade. The sediment transport in this decade was consequently larger than the preceding decades. Our data presented here suggest that a close relationship exists between the climate condition, rainfall–runoff response, sediment dynamics, as well as a slowly progressing change of forest condition.  相似文献   

Chemistry and Sulfur Isotopes of the Chert-Clastic Sequence Surrounding the Kajika Massive Sulfide Ores at the Ashio Copper Mine, Ashio Terrane, Central Japan     

Kosei Komuro    Masanori Yoshida  Yoshimichi Kajiwara 《Resource Geology》2006,56(4):433-445

Abstract. Chemical and sulfur isotopic compositions were obtained for a series of rocks within the chert‐clastic sequence surrounding the Kajika massive sulfide ore horizon at Shibukawasawa in the Ashio copper‐mining district, Ashio Terrane, central Japan. The sequence is lithologically classified into three units: chert, siliceous shale with basic volcanics, and sandstone‐shale, in ascending stratigraphic order. The Kajika ore horizon corresponds to the lowermost part of the unit that contains siliceous shale with basic volcanics. The rocks around the Kajika ore horizon are enriched in P₂O₅ (max. 0.22 %), Ba (max. 2400 ppm), Cu (595 ppm), V (323 ppm), Pb (168 ppm), Zn (124 ppm), and Mo (24 ppm) in siliceous shale; and Ba (4220 ppm), Zr (974 ppm), Cr (718 ppm), Ni (492 ppm), V (362 ppm), Zn (232 ppm), Nb (231 ppm), and Co (71 ppm) in the basic volcanics. The siliceous shale is enriched in a number of redox‐sensitive elements such as Cu, V, Pb, Zn, and Mo, which are known to be enriched in black shale and anoxic and hydrothermal sediments. The δ³⁴S values of sulfides in the chert and sandstone‐shale lie in the range of 0±2 %, and those in the siliceous shale range from ‐5 to ‐14 %. The measured δ³⁴S values in the basic volcanics are ‐0.3, ‐2.7, and ‐31.5 %. These heavier δ³⁴S signatures (around 0 %) recorded throughout the sequence indicate that the rocks formed under anoxic bottom‐water conditions. Slightly lighter δ³⁴S values recorded in siliceous shale might reflect significant mixing of sulfides that formed by sulfate‐reducing bacteria in an overlying oxic environment. The long‐term duration of anoxic conditions indicated by the heavier δ³⁴S signature is considered to have played an important role in protecting the Kajika sulfide ores from oxidative decomposition and preserving the ores in sedimentary accumulations.  相似文献   

Borehole image analysis of the Nankai Accretionary Wedge, ODP Leg 196: Structural and stress studies   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Masanori Ienaga  Lisa C. McNeill  Hitoshi Mikada  Saneatsu Saito  David Goldberg  J. Casey Moore 《Tectonophysics》2006,426(1-2):207

Electrical images recorded with Resistivity-At-Bit (RAB) from two sites drilled during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 196 were analyzed to study the effects of subduction at the Nankai margin. For the first time in the history of scientific deep-sea drilling in ODP, in situ complete borehole images of the décollement zone were obtained. Analyses of all drilling-induced fracture data indicated that the maximum horizontal compressive stress (S_Hmax) axes have an azimuth of 303°, and analyses of breakout data from RAB images indicated an azimuth of 310°. These azimuths approximate the convergence direction of the Philippine Sea plate towards the Eurasian plate. The frontal thrust at Site 808 was encountered at about 389 mbsf. Density, porosity, resistivity, and gamma ray data change across the frontal thrust. The décollement zone at the deformation front was identified between 937 and 965 mbsf. The base of the décollement is sharply defined as the maximum extent of conductive fracturing and is marked by abrupt changes in physical properties [Mikada, H., Becker, K., Moore, J.C., Klaus, A., Austin, G.L., Bangs, N.L., Bourlange, S., Broilliard, J., Brückmann, W., Corn, E.R., Davis, E.E., Flemings, P.B., Goldberg, D.B., Gulick, S.S., Hansen, M.B., Hayward, N., Hills, D.J., Hunze, S., Ienaga, M., Ishiguro, H., Kinoshita, M., Macdonald, R.D., McNeill, L., Obana, S., Hong, O.S., Peacock, S., Pettigrew, T.L., Saito, S., Sawa, T., Thaiprasert, N., Tobin, H.J., Tsurumi, H., 2002. Proc. ODP, Initial Rep., 196, College Station, TX, (Ocean Drilling Program)]. The upper boundary of the décollement is marked by several sets of conductive fractures and by high variability in physical properties. The décollement zone is characterized by intense brittle fracturing. These fractures are considered to be the consequence of cyclic stresses and high fluid pressures in this zone. We analyzed fracture dips and their orientations at both sites and found that they are all consistent with a unique stress field model surrounding the two sites.  相似文献   

Molecular dynamics study of the crystal structure and phase relation of the GeO2 polymorphs     

Taku Tsuchiya  Takamitsu Yamanaka  Masanori Matsui 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1998,25(2):94-100

A two-body interatomic potential model for GeO₂ polymorphs has been determined to simulate the structure change of them by semi-empirical procedure, total lattice energy minimization of GeO₂ polymorphs. Based on this potential, two polymorphs of GeO₂; α-quartz-type and rutile-type, have been reproduced using the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation techniques. Crystal structures, bulk moduli, volume thermal expansion coefficients and enthalpies of these polymorphs of GeO₂ were simulated. In spite of the simple form of the potential, these simulated structural values, bulk moduli and thermal expansivities are in excellent agreement with the reliable experimental data in respect to both polymorphs. Using this potential, MD simulation was further used to study the structural changes of GeO₂ under high pressure. We have investigated the pressure-induced amorphization. As reported in previous experimental studies, quartz-type GeO₂ undergoes pressure-induced crystalline-to-amorphous transformation at room temperature, the same as other quartz compounds; SiO₂, AlPO₄. Under hydrostatic compression, in this study, α-quartz-type GeO₂ transformed to a denser amorphous state at 7.4 GPa with change of the packing of oxygen ions and increase of germanium coordination. At higher pressure still, rutile-type GeO₂ transformed to a new phase of CaCl₂-type structure as a post-rutile candidate. Received: 29 July 1996 / Revised, accepted: 30 April 1997  相似文献   

Eccentric instability of a two-dimensional fluid disc with a central massive object     

Masatoshi Taga  & Masanori Iye 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》1998,299(4):1132-1138

In this paper we investigate, by linear modal analysis, the one-armed dynamical instability of a two-dimensional fluid disc that has a massive object at its centre. The model of the disc is chosen to avoid the artificial instabilities that originate from the unrealistic disc configurations that have been adopted in previous studies. We find a one-armed instability for which the central massive object is displaced from the centre, which is generally called the 'eccentric instability'. However, to excite the eccentric instability, the mass of the central object should be appreciably smaller than that of the disc, and this mass ratio is far smaller than what was originally proposed. The instability shown in this paper is likely to be excited in a stellar system with a central massive object, e.g. a galactic nucleus harbouring a massive black hole, and further studies are desirable via techniques such as numerical simulations.  相似文献   

Computational model of the structural and elastic properties of the ilmenite and perovskite phases of MgSiO3     

Masanori Matsui  Masaki Akaogi  Takeo Matsumoto 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1987,14(2):101-106

The structural and elastic properties of the ilmenite and perovskite phases of MgSiO₃ are investigated with a computational model based on energy minimization. The potential energies of these two crystals are approximated by the sum of Coulomb, van der Waals, and repulsion terms between atoms. Required energy parameters are derived by fitting the parameters to the observed crystal structures of these two phases as well as to the measured elastic constants of the ilmenite phase. The resulting potential model is applied to predicting the elastic constants of the perovskite phase. The calculated bulk modulus of the perovskite phase compares favorably with the data obtained from volume-compression experiments as well as the values estimated from empirical elasticity systematics of perovskite type compounds. The predicted shear modulus of the perovskite phase is also in reasonable agreement with the values proposed from similar empirical elasticity systematics. Subsequently, the model is used to simulate the high pressure behaviors of the crystal structures and elastic constants of these two phases.  相似文献   

Computational modeling of the structure and elastic constants of the olivine and spinel forms of Mg2SiO4     

Masanori Matsui  William R. Busing 《Physics and Chemistry of Minerals》1984,11(2):55-59

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Comparison between thermal–viscous coupling and frictional sliding     

Masanori Kameyama   《Tectonophysics》2003,376(3-4):185-197

We investigated the similarity between thermal–viscous coupling (TVC) and frictional sliding, proposed by Kameyama and Kaneda [Pure Appl. Geophys. 159 (2002) 2011]. We consider a one-dimensional layer composed of viscous material, which is sandwiched and sheared by two thick elastic layers. The rate of viscous deformation depends on the temperature T_c in the viscous layer as well as shear stress τ. The temperature T_c changes owing to heating by viscous dissipation and conductive cooling. We carried out velocity-stepping tests for the steady-state deformation both numerically and analytically, and compared the temporal evolution of small perturbations with that of the spring-block model with rate- and state-dependent friction (RSF). We found that, as is the case of frictional slip stability, the manner of temporal evolution is classified into four regimes depending on whether it is stable or not and whether it is monotonous or oscillatory with time. By further interpreting TVC in terms of general RSF theory by Ruina [J. Geophys. Res. 88 (1983) 10359], we obtained the relations between the parameters appearing in the phenomenological RSF law and the nondimensional parameters which characterize the nature of TVC. A further improvement of this approach might be important for estimating the actual values of frictional constitutive parameters at the deeper portion of seismogenic faults of interplate or inland earthquakes where a ductile deformation is expected to be significant.  相似文献   

Stable hydrogen isotope measurement of archaeal ether-bound hydrocarbons     

Masanori KanekoFumio Kitajima  Hiroshi Naraoka 《Organic Geochemistry》2011,42(2):166-172

Compound-specific hydrogen isotope analysis of ether-bound isoprenoid hydrocarbons from archaeal membranes has been developed using chemical degradation and gas chromatography/pyrolysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The ether-bound hydrocarbons are quantitatively converted to saturated hydrocarbons by cleavage of ether bonds with HI followed by H₂ reduction in the presence of PtO₂. The δD value of ether-bound hydrocarbon moieties are corrected by way of isotopic mass balance calculation for the hydrogen incorporated during the hydrogenation. The method was successfully applied to determination of the δD values of biphytane moieties in glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) from a Sulfolobus sp. culture and a marine sediment.  相似文献