Recharge,geochemical processes and water quality in karst aquifers: Central West Bank,Palestine   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hassan Jebreen  Stefan Wohnlich  Andre Banning  Frank Wisotzky  Andrea Niedermayr  Marwan Ghanem 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2018,77(6):261

The Central West Bank aquifer (CWB) is one of the most important resources of fresh groundwater of Palestine. The geology of the area consists mainly of karstic and permeable limestones and dolomites interbedded with argillaceous beds of late Albian–Turonian age. Exploitation of the CWB aquifer, combined with lack of information required to understand the groundwater pattern, represents a challenge for reservoir management. The present work reports hydrogeochemistry, microbiology and environmental isotope data from spring water samples, which were utilized to understand recharge mechanisms, geochemical evolution and renewability of groundwater in CWB aquifer. Besides the major chemical compositions, ionic ratios were used to delineate mineral-solution reactions and weathering processes. Interpretation of chemical data suggests that the chemical evolution of groundwater is primarily controlled by (1) water–rock interactions, involving dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite and dolomite), and (2) cation exchange processes. The measured equation of the local meteoric water line is δD?=?5.8 δ¹⁸O?+?9.9. Stable isotopes show that precipitation is the source of recharge to the groundwater system. The evaporation line has a linear increasing trend from south to north direction in the study area. All analyzed spring waters are suitable for irrigation, but not for drinking purposes. The results from this study can serve as a basis for decision-makers and stakeholders, with the intention to increase the understanding of sustainable management of the CWBs.  相似文献   

Assessment of the potential of semi-arid plants to reduce soil erosion in the Konartakhteh watershed,Iran     

Akbar Farhadi  Hassan Ahmadi  Majid Soufi  Baharak Motamedvaziri  Abolfazl Moeini 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(17):518

Soil erosion is a major environmental problem in arid and semi-arid areas. Although bioengineering is important in preventing soil erosion, plant architecture and mechanical properties in these areas are rarely studied. In this study, in order to evaluate the potential of native plants to reduce soil erosion in semi-arid regions, their above-ground (e.g., stem density, radius of the stem, etc.) and below-ground (e.g., root area ratio, root tensile strength, etc.) characteristics were measured in the field and laboratory. Five indicators, namely, stem density (SD), sediment obstruction potential (SOP), plant stiffness (MEI), relative soil detachment (RSD), and root cohesion (Cr), were taken into account. Each indicator was scored according to a five-point scale (0?=?low, 4?=?high), and then, the score of each indicator was represented on an ameba diagram. Finally, for understanding traits of plants and evaluating their potential to control rill and gully erosion, the area occupied by the ameba diagram was studied. The results indicated that the shrub Ziziphus spina-christi (MEI?=?108.35 N, RSD?=?0.398, Cr?=?8.34 kPa, SOP?=?0.097, and SD?=?0.00270) is a very suitable native plant species for controlling both the gully and rill erosion. In addition, Scariola orientalis is effective for sediment obstruction, but its low scores on the MEI and RSD indicators imply that it is not able to control gully development. Furthermore, Noaea mucronata, Platychaete glaucescens, Astragalus gummifer, Alhagi persarum, Lycium shawii, and Prosopis farcta have a distinct potential to reduce the rate of gully erosion. These results have wide applicability for adopting soil conservation measures to other semi-arid environments.  相似文献   

Comparison of split window algorithms to derive land surface temperature from satellite TIRS data     

Sajad Zareie  Kazem Rangzan  Hassan Khosravi  Vladimir Modestovich Sherbakov 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2018,11(14):391

Remote sensing data can be used as the basis for meteorological data. Due to the limitations of meteorological stations on the Earth, derivation of land surface temperature is one of the most important aspects of the remote sensing application in climatology studies. In the present study, Landsat-8 thermal infrared sensor data of the scene located over Khuzestan province with row/path of 165/38 were used to derive land surface temperature (LST). Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), fraction of vegetation cover, satellite brightness temperature, and land surface emissivity were calculated as the vital criteria to derive LSTs using the split window algorithms. LST determination was performed by nine different split window algorithms. Eventually, LST products were evaluated using ground-based measurements at the meteorological stations of the study area. The results showed that algorithm of Coll and Casselles had a highest accuracy with RMSE 1.97 °C, and Vidal’s method presented the lowest accuracy to derive LST with RMSE 4.11 °C. According to the results, regions with high density of vegetation and water resources have lowest diurnal temperature and regions with bare soils and low density of vegetation have a highest diurnal temperature. Results of the study indicated that LST algorithm accuracy is an important factor in the environmental and climate change studies.  相似文献   

Review of the Cambrian volcanic activity in Morocco: geochemical fingerprints and geotectonic implications for the rifting of West Gondwana     

Pouclet  André  El Hadi  Hassan  Álvaro  J. Javier  Bardintzeff  Jacques-Marie  Benharref  Mohammed  Fekkak  Abdelilah 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2018,107(6):2101-2123

International Journal of Earth Sciences - Volcanic activities related to the opening of a Cambrian rift in Morocco were widespread from the Fortunian to the Cambrian Epoch 3. Numerous data are...  相似文献   

Gold anomaly ranking based on stream sediment geochemistry in the Fariman–Kashmar axis,NE Iran     

Azmi  Hassan  Moarefvand  Parviz  Maghsoudi  Abbas 《中国地球化学学报》2021,40(2):135-149

Acta Geochimica - One of the essential tasks accelerate the decision-making process in mineral exploration projects is ranking anomalous areas. In this study, we used fourteen geologic maps (at...  相似文献   

Suspended sediment balance for the mainstem of Changjiang (Yangtze River) in the period 1964–1985     

Marwan A. Hassan  Michael Church  Yunxia Yan  Olav Slaymaker  Jiongxin Xu 《水文研究》2011,25(15):2339-2353

Suspended sediment dynamics during the period 1964–1985 are examined along the mainstem of Changjiang (Yangtze River). The period represents a basin condition prior to major changes in land management policy and dam building on the river's mainstem. The downstream sediment dynamics reflect basin geology and topography and channel morphology. Sediment exchange within the mainstem was calculated by the development of reach sediment balances that reveal complex temporal and spatial patterns. There is relatively little sediment exchange in the upper, bedrock‐controlled reaches, with systematic increases in the downstream alluvial reaches. Degrading, transfer, and aggrading reaches were identified. Relations between input and output in all reaches were significant but no relation was found between sediment exchange and input/output. Comparison between ‘short‐term’ (22 years) and ‘long‐term’ (52 years) records demonstrates the importance of the record length in studying the suspended sediment dynamics in a large fluvial system. The longer record yielded better correlation and different trends than the shorter record. Sediment transfer (output/input ratio) changes downstream: the dominance of the upstream contributing area in sustaining the appearance of net degradation through most of the river system highlights the importance of reach length on characterisation of suspended sediment dynamics in large fluvial systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Partitioning of Se, As, Sb, Te and Bi between monosulfide solid solution and sulfide melt - Application to magmatic sulfide deposits   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Hassan M. Helmy  Chris Ballhaus  Raúl O.C. Fonseca 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2010,74(21):6174-6179

The chalcogenes (S, Se, Te), semimetals (As, Sb) and the metal Bi are important ligands for noble metals and form a wide range of compositionally diverse minerals with the platinum-group elements (PGE). With the exception of S, few experimental data exist to quantify the behavior of these elements in magmatic sulfide systems. Here we report experimental partition coefficients for Se, Te, As, Sb, and Bi between monosulfide solid solution (mss) and sulfide melt, determined at 950 °C at a range of sulfur fugacities (fS2) bracketed by the Fe-FeS (metal-troilite) and the Fe_1−×S-S_x (mss-sulfur) equilibria. Selenium is shown to partition in mss-saturated sulfide melt as an anion replacing S²⁻. Arsenic changes its oxidation state with fS₂ from predominantly anionic speciation at low fS₂, to cationic speciation at high fS₂. The elements Sb, Te, and Bi are so highly incompatible with mss that they can only be present in sulfide melt as cations and/or as neutral metallic species. The partition coefficients derived fall with increasing atomic radius of the element. They also reflect the positions of the respective elements in the Periodic Table: within a group (e.g., As, Sb, Bi) the partition coefficients fall with increasing atomic radius, and within a period the elements of the 15th group are more incompatible with mss than the neighboring elements of the 16th group.  相似文献   

Stratigraphy,deposition, and structural framework of the cretaceous (review) and 3D geological model of the lower cretaceous reservoirs,Masila oil field,Yemen     

Hassan S. Naji  Mohammad H. Hakimi  Mohammed Khalil  Farooq A. Sharief 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2010,3(3):221-248

The Masila area is located in the Hadhramaut region in east central Yemen. Oil was first discovered in the area in late 1990 with commerciality being declared in late 1991. Oil production began in July 1993. By the end of December 1999, the daily production rate was set at 210,000 stock tank barrels/day (STB/D) of very low gas–oil ratio (GOR) oil under partial to full water drive. About 90% of the reserves are found in the Lower Qishn Clastics Member of the Qishn Formation. This paper focuses on the detailed 3D geological modeling of the Lower Cretaceous Sequence conducted through an integrated study. There are three critical areas in the process of modeling reservoirs that involve geological and geophysical modeling, reservoir characterization, and reservoir flow modeling. This paper presents methodologies found useful during the modeling of these reservoirs including field case histories for the Lower Cretaceous reservoir in the Masila oilfield.  相似文献   

A Neuro-Fuzzy modeling for prediction of solar cycles 24 and 25     

Abdel-Fattah Attia  Hamed A. Ismail  Hassan M. Basurah 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2013,344(1):5-11

The paper presents a Neuro-Fuzzy model to predict the features of the forthcoming sunspot cycles 24 and 25. The sunspot time series were analyzed with the proposed model. It is optimized based on Backpropagation scheme and applied to the yearly smoothed sunspot numbers. The appropriate number of network inputs for the sunspots data series is obtained based on sequential forward search for the Neuro-Fuzzy model. According to the model prediction the maximum amplitudes of the cycles 24 and 25 will occur in the year 2013 and year 2022 with peaks of 101±8 and 90.7±8, respectively. The correlation and error analysis are discussed to ensure the performance of the proposed Neuro-Fuzzy approach as a predictor for sunspot time series. The correlation coefficient between Neuro-Fuzzy model forecasted sunspot number values with the actual ones is 0.96.  相似文献   

A Hybrid Model for Runoff Prediction Using Variational Mode Decomposition and Artificial Neural Network     

Muhammad Sibtain  Li  Xianshan  Bashir  Hassan  Azam  Muhammad Imran 《Water Resources》2021,48(5):701-712

Water Resources - Hydrological runoff prediction in a reliable and precise manner contributes significantly to the optimal management of hydropower resources. Considering the importance of runoff...  相似文献