Modulation of the Intensity of Nascent Tibetan Plateau Vortices by Atmospheric Quasi-Biweekly Oscillation     

Lun LI  Renhe ZHANG  Min WEN  Jianping DUAN 《大气科学进展》2018,35(11):1347-1361

The modulation of the intensity of nascent Tibetan Plateau vortices(ITPV) by atmospheric quasi-biweekly oscillation(QBWO) is investigated based on final operational global analysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction. The spatial and temporal distributions of the ITPV show distinct features of 10–20-day QBWO. The average ITPV is much higher in the positive phases than in the negative phases, and the number of strong TPVs is much larger in the former,with a peak that appears in phase 3. In addition, the maximum centers of the ITPV stretch eastward in the positive phases,indicating periodic variations in the locations where strong TPVs are generated. The large-scale circulations and related thermodynamic fields are discussed to investigate the mechanism by which the 10–20-day QBWO modulates the ITPV. The atmospheric circulations and heating fields of the 10–20-day QBWO have a major impact on the ITPV. In the positive QBWO phases, the anomalous convergence at 500 hPa and divergence at 200 hPa are conducive to ascending motion. In addition, the convergence centers of the water vapor and the atmospheric unstable stratification are found in the positive QBWO phases and move eastward. Correspondingly, condensational latent heat is released and shifts eastward with the heating centers located at 400 hPa, which favors a higher ITPV by depressing the isobaric surface at 500 hPa. All of the dynamic and thermodynamic conditions in the positive QBWO phases are conducive to the generation of stronger TPVs and their eastward expansion.  相似文献   

台风“梅花”路径转折期间的结构特征分析与模拟     

袁敏  平凡  李国平 《大气科学》2018,42(5):1000-1012

利用多种资料对2011年第9号热带气旋“梅花”的两次路径转折过程进行诊断分析和数值模拟,结果表明:副热带高压、中纬度槽和越赤道气流等外部大环境场的变化对路径转向有影响,第一次路径转折期间,眼墙和螺旋云带分布变化不大;第二次路径转折前后,台风眼墙从双眼墙结构演变成明显的非对称结构,台风眼区发生了眼墙置换与合并,以及螺旋云带与眼墙合并过程。机制的定量分析表明:第一次转向期间,环境风场的纬向和经向分量对引导气流的贡献在83%以上,表明外部环境风场对其路径转向的影响较大,内部的风暴尺度风场对其路径转折的影响程度较小;第二次转向期间,风暴尺度场的纬向分量对引导引流贡献的百分比从23%上升到36%,经向分量对引导引流贡献的百分比介于35%~47%之间,表明内部非对称结构与外部大尺度环境流场对第二次路径转折都有影响。  相似文献   

苏州市大气PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子的源解析及其气象因子分析     

蔡敏  严明良  包云轩 《气象科学》2018,38(5):648-658

为了探明PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子的来源和气象因子对其浓度变化的影响,利用2012年2、5、8和11月苏州市PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子浓度和本站气象观测数据,分析了苏州市水溶性无机离子的时间变化特征,解析了当地PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子的主要来源,探讨了气象因素对离子组分的影响。结果表明:(1)苏州市PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子年均浓度大小依次为:SO_4~(2-)NO_3~-NH_4~+Na~+Cl~-K~+Ca~(2+)Mg~(2+)F~-;SO_4~(2-)、NH_4~+和NO_3~-为PM_(2.5)中最重要的3种水溶性无机离子物种,其总和占PM_(2.5)总质量浓度的50.9%。各离子的季节浓度特征均为冬季最高、夏季最低。(2)通过运用主成分分析法对苏州市PM_(2.5)中水溶性无机离子进行来源分类解析,发现第一类为二次污染源和生物质燃烧,其贡献率为32.84;第二类为道路扬尘及工业排放,其贡献率为19.99%;第三类为海盐污染,其贡献率为18.43%。(3)通过水溶性无机离子与气象条件的相关性分析发现,风向、风速和温度与水溶性无机离子浓度的相关性较显著,这三者是颗粒物浓度变化的主要影响因子。(4)利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式对外来污染物进入苏州市的轨迹进行聚类分析后发现:因受季风气候影响,苏州市外来污染物的输入路径存在明显的季节性变化特征,其中夏半年输送主径源自海上,冬半年主径源自内陆。  相似文献   

一次飞机积冰环境中的云微物理特征     

袁敏  黄敏松  段炼 《气象科技》2018,46(1):170-177

2014年3月12日利用机载粒子探头(DMT)对我国宜昌及周边地区的非降水云系进行了探测时发现了少量的飞机积冰,本文分析了积冰云层中云微物理量的分布特征。垂直平均分布表明,CAS、CIP和PIP粒子数浓度分别大于300个·cm~(-3)、1个·cm~(-3)和10~(-5)个·cm~(-3),粒子中值直径最大值分别为3μm、89μm和1389μm。谱分布表明,3650m高度重力碰并和凇附过程使得CIP和PIP粒子谱较宽,3650m以下谱宽较窄,粒子以凝结增长为主,大粒子和冰晶粒子主要是由高层下落造成。平飞观测统计表明,3350m的CAS和CIP粒子平均数浓度均大于3650m的值,但PIP粒子数浓度、粒子平均和最大中值直径则相反。平飞时间变化表明,3350m高度CAS粒子数浓度和直径大致呈反相关,3650m大云滴和冰雪晶粒子的数浓度和中值直径随时间波动较大。  相似文献   

1983—2015年湖南雨凇时空分布特征及影响因子     

肖平  王文  胡灿明  黄菊梅  刘敏  王辉 《气象科技》2018,46(3):515-523

采用经验正交函数（EOF）并对1983—2015年湖南省95个地面气象站的雨凇观测资料以及与北半球海冰和西太平洋和东北印度洋海温资料的相关性进行分析。结果表明：湖南各站年均雨凇频次为219次,总体呈现北少南多、山区北侧少南侧多、平原地带少的分布特点;雨凇频次呈逐年下降趋势,且在湖南中北部地区下降趋势显著;湖南雨凇主要发生于相对湿度较大、极大风为偏北风且风速较小、最低气温在-3~0 ℃、最高气温在0~4 ℃的环境中。冬季同期（12月至次年2月）,北地群岛以东至白令海峡以北海域海冰密度和湖南雨凇频次的相关关系为显著正相关关系,而西北太平洋海温和湖南雨凇频次的显著负相关区域表现为C型分布。  相似文献   

Effects of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region,China   总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3  

Quanqin Shao  Wei Cao  Jiangwen Fan  Lin Huang  Xinliang Xu 《地理学报(英文版)》2017,27(2):183-204

The first-stage of an ecological conservation and restoration project in the Three-River Source Region (TRSR), China, has been in progress for eight years. However, because the ecological effects of this project remain unknown, decision making for future project implementation is hindered. Thus, in this study, we developed an index system to evaluate the effects of the ecological restoration project, by integrating field observations, remote sensing, and process-based models. Effects were assessed using trend analyses of ecosystem structures and services. Results showed positive trends in the TRSR since the beginning of the project, but not yet a return to the optima of the 1970s. Specifically, while continued degradation in grassland has been initially contained, results are still far from the desired objective, ‘grassland coverage increasing by an average of 20%–40%’. In contrast, wetlands and water bodies have generally been restored, while the water conservation and water supply capacity of watersheds have increased. Indeed, the volume of water conservation achieved in the project meets the objective of a 1.32 billion m³ increase. The effects of ecological restoration inside project regions was more significant than outside, and, in addition to climate change projects, we concluded that the implementation of ecological conservation and restoration projects has substantially contributed to vegetation restoration. Nevertheless, the degradation of grasslands has not been fundamentally reversed, and to date the project has not prevented increasing soil erosion. In sum, the effects and challenges of this first-stage project highlight the necessity of continuous and long-term ecosystem conservation efforts in this region.  相似文献   

基于随机森林模型的珠江三角洲30 m格网人口空间化     

谭敏  刘凯  柳林  朱远辉  王大山 《地理科学进展》2017,36(10):1304-1312

人口空间化是实现人口统计数据与其他环境资源空间数据融合分析的有效途径。本文选取夜间灯光数据、道路网数据、水域分布数据、建成区数据、数字高程模型和地形坡度数据作为影响珠江三角洲人口分布的变量因子,利用随机森林模型对珠江三角洲2010年人口数据进行了30 m格网空间化,并将模拟结果与三个公开数据集作精度对比,最后基于随机森林模型的变量因子重要性分析珠江三角洲人口空间分布的影响因素。结果表明：本文模拟整体精度达到82.32%,均优于WorldPop数据集以及中国公里网格人口数据集,接近GPW数据集,而且在人口密度中等区域模拟精度最高;通过对变量因子重要性进行度量,发现夜间灯光强度是珠江三角洲人口分布的最重要指示性指标,到水域的距离、到建成区的距离和路网密度对珠江三角洲人口分布均具有重要作用。利用随机森林模型结合多源信息能够实现高空间分辨率的人口空间化,可为精细化城市管理提供重要数据源,也可为相关政策决策制定提供支持。  相似文献   

Experimental Study on Effects of Ground Roughness on Flow Characteristics of Tornado-Like Vortices     

Jin Wang  Shuyang Cao  Weichiang Pang  Jinxin Cao 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2017,162(2):319-339

The three-dimensional wind velocity and dynamic pressure for stationary tornado-like vortices that developed over ground of different roughness categories were investigated to clarify the effects of ground roughness. Measurements were performed for various roughness categories and two swirl ratios. Variations of the vertical and horizontal distributions of velocity and pressure with roughness are presented, with the results showing that the tangential, radial, and axial velocity components increase inside the vortex core near the ground under rough surface conditions. Meanwhile, clearly decreased tangential components are found outside the core radius at low elevations. The high axial velocity inside the vortex core over rough ground surface indicates that roughness produces an effect similar to a reduced swirl ratio. In addition, the pressure drop accompanying a tornado is more significant at elevations closer to the ground under rough compared with smooth surface conditions. We show that the variations of the flow characteristics with roughness are dependent on the vortex-generating mechanism, indicating the need for appropriate modelling of tornado-like vortices.  相似文献   

室内可见光通信频域均衡技术DSP方法对比分析     

张士灏  汤璇  林邦姜  张敏  李艺伟 《南京气象学院学报》2017,9(2):210-213

对3种室内可见光通信传输技术的数字信号处理方法（DSP）,包括正交频分复用（OFDM）、单载波频域均衡（SCFDE）与单载波频分复用（SCFDM）进行了对比分析.通过峰值功率比（PAPR）和计算复杂度比较了3种方法的优劣.分析结果表明,SCFDE和SCFDM具有较低的PAPR,但SCFDM计算复杂度较高.此外,还使用白光LED灯针对3种调制解调方法建立了实验模型.实验结果表明,在VLC传输系统中,由于低PAPR特性,使得SCFDE和SCFDM在误码率（BER）和Q值方面的性能优于OFDM.  相似文献   

南北盘江森林生态系统水源涵养功能评价   总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14  

刘璐璐  曹巍  邵全琴 《地理科学》2016,36(4):603-611

森林生态系统水源涵养功能是植被层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层对降雨进行再分配的复杂过程。运用综合蓄水能力法,基于森林资源二类调查数据,估算了贵州省南北盘江流域不同类型森林生态系统的林冠层截留降水量、枯落物持水量和土壤蓄水量,分析了流域尺度森林生态系统的水源涵养能力及其时空变化。结果表明：① 南北盘江流域森林涵养水源总量约6.13×10⁸m³,单位面积水源涵养量629.85 t/hm²,森林水源涵养能力空间分布呈现东高西低的趋势;② 不同类型森林来说,阔叶林和灌木林对区域水源涵养总量的贡献率最大,而混交林的单位面积水源涵养量最高;③ 不同林龄比较,幼龄林对区域水源涵养贡献率最高,达45.95%,但其单位面积水源涵养能力最差,过熟林的单位面积水源涵养能力最高;④ 就坡位而言,平地和中坡森林对区域水源涵养总量的贡献率最大,山谷森林单位面积水源涵养能力最高,山脊森林单位面积涵养水源能力最低;⑤ 近35 a来,随着生态工程的实施,森林生态系统水源涵养总能力以1 447.89×10⁴m³/a速度持续提升,单位面积水源涵养量以每年5.33 t/hm²的速度稳步提高。  相似文献