Quantifying contributions of climate feedbacks to tropospheric warming in the NCAR CCSM3.0     

Xiaoliang Song  Guang J. Zhang  Ming Cai 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(3-4):901-917

In this study, a coupled atmosphere-surface “climate feedback-response analysis method” (CFRAM) was applied to the slab ocean model version of the NCAR CCSM3.0 to understand the tropospheric warming due to a doubling of CO₂ concentration through quantifying the contributions of each climate feedback process. It is shown that the tropospheric warming displays distinct meridional and vertical patterns that are in a good agreement with the multi-model mean projection from the IPCC AR4. In the tropics, the warming in the upper troposphere is stronger than in the lower troposphere, leading to a decrease in temperature lapse rate, whereas in high latitudes the opposite it true. In terms of meridional contrast, the lower tropospheric warming in the tropics is weaker than that in high latitudes, resulting in a weakened meridional temperature gradient. In the upper troposphere the meridional temperature gradient is enhanced due to much stronger warming in the tropics than in high latitudes. Using the CFRAM method, we analyzed both radiative feedbacks, which have been emphasized in previous climate feedback analysis, and non-radiative feedbacks. It is shown that non-radiative (radiative) feedbacks are the major contributors to the temperature lapse rate decrease (increase) in the tropical (polar) region. Atmospheric convection is the leading contributor to temperature lapse rate decrease in the tropics. The cloud feedback also has non-negligible contributions. In the polar region, water vapor feedback is the main contributor to the temperature lapse rate increase, followed by albedo feedback and CO₂ forcing. The decrease of meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere is mainly due to strong cooling from convection and cloud feedback in the tropics and the strong warming from albedo feedback in the polar region. The strengthening of meridional temperature gradient in the upper troposphere can be attributed to the warming associated with convection and cloud feedback in the tropics. Since convection is the leading contributor to the warming differences between tropical lower and upper troposphere, and between the tropical and polar regions, this study indicates that tropical convection plays a critical role in determining the climate sensitivity. In addition, the CFRAM analysis shows that convective process and water vapor feedback are the two major contributors to the tropical upper troposphere temperature change, indicating that the excessive upper tropospheric warming in the IPCC AR4 models may be due to overestimated warming from convective process or underestimated cooling due to water vapor feedback.  相似文献   

A dissection of the surface temperature biases in the Community Earth System Model     

Tae-Won Park  Yi Deng  Ming Cai  Jee-Hoon Jeong  Renjun Zhou 《Climate Dynamics》2014,43(7-8):2043-2059

Based upon the climate feedback-responses analysis method, a quantitative attribution analysis is conducted for the annual-mean surface temperature biases in the Community Earth System Model version 1 (CESM1). Surface temperature biases are decomposed into partial temperature biases associated with model biases in albedo, water vapor, cloud, sensible/latent heat flux, surface dynamics, and atmospheric dynamics. A globally-averaged cold bias of ?1.22 K in CESM1 is largely attributable to albedo bias that accounts for approximately ?0.80 K. Over land, albedo bias contributes ?1.20 K to the averaged cold bias of ?1.45 K. The cold bias over ocean, on the other hand, results from multiple factors including albedo, cloud, oceanic dynamics, and atmospheric dynamics. Bias in the model representation of oceanic dynamics is the primary cause of cold (warm) biases in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere oceans while surface latent heat flux over oceans always acts to compensate for the overall temperature biases. Albedo bias resulted from the model’s simulation of snow cover and sea ice is the main contributor to temperature biases over high-latitude lands and the Arctic and Antarctic region. Longwave effect of water vapor is responsible for an overall warm (cold) bias in the subtropics (tropics) due to an overestimate (underestimate) of specific humidity in the region. Cloud forcing of temperature biases exhibits large regional variations and the model bias in the simulated ocean mixed layer depth is a key contributor to the partial sea surface temperature biases associated with oceanic dynamics. On a global scale, biases in the model representation of radiative processes account more for surface temperature biases compared to non-radiative, dynamical processes.  相似文献   

结合地形因子与分层策略的喀斯特地区无人机影像分类     

贾煜  汪泓  蔡宏  张磊 《测绘通报》2022,(2):121-127

西南喀斯特山区地形起伏较大,地物分布较为破碎,致使传统的光谱特征一次分类方法的精度较低。本文基于高分辨率无人机正射影像和地形指标,充分利用无人机遥感影像空间特征、光谱特征、纹理特征及地形特征,采取面向对象CART决策树算法与分层策略提取了研究区土地覆盖类型。研究表明,结合空间地形因子和分层策略的方法减少了破碎区地物间的相干扰,故具有较高的分类精度,总体分类精度达91.2%,Kappa系数为0.87,较传统一次分类精度提高了9.8%,Kappa系数提高了0.13。该方法对西南喀斯特地区土地覆盖解译精度较好,可为土地利用监测提供参考。  相似文献   

对比传统低空航测的无人机倾斜摄影测量精度评估   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔡嘉伦  贾洪果  刘国祥  张波  刘巧  吴仁哲  向卫  毛文飞  张瑞 《测绘通报》2022,(2):31-36

国内倾斜摄影测量技术目前仍处于快速发展的推广阶段,其成果精度高度依赖于航测生产全流程中各航测参数的选取,很难实现对其绝对精度的定量分析。针对这一难点,本文采用对比分析的方式,以传统低空航测为参照,在严格统一外部数据采集条件、解算参数的基础上对无人机倾斜摄影测量进行精度评估与分析,探索无人机倾斜摄影测量的突出技术优势。试验共涉及12种主流航测模式及52种地面控制点,采用递进布设方式对比分析其成果精度,并完成了倾斜摄影测量对比传统低空航测的量化分析。本文可为倾斜摄影测量精度评估提供一定的参考,具有较好的工程实践指导意义。  相似文献   

基于GPS垂向位移测定云南地区陆地水储量及其对累积降雨的响应机制     

肖家豪  张双喜  韦瑜  蔡剑锋  洪敏 《测绘通报》2022,(1):61-65

本文基于中国大陆构造环境监测网（陆态网）GPS台站垂向形变数据,通过主成分分析计算云南省6大流域陆地水负荷形变,并与降雨数据进行相关性分析和交叉小波分析。结果表明,云南省各流域陆地水储量变化相对于降雨在半年和年周期上分别存在1.5~2.25和3~6个月的滞后,不同周期滞后的叠加使陆地水储量与累积降雨量之间存在显著的负相关性,6大流域的降雨累积天数各不相同,均在47~109 d之间。本文由此提出一种云南地区陆地水储量对累积降雨的响应机制。  相似文献   

一种顾及电子元件延迟的超宽带室内定位方法     

赵胤植  邹进贵  蔡礼贤  黄格格 《测绘通报》2022,(4):1-5+31

针对超宽带定位系统中存在多种误差影响定位精度的问题,本文全面分析了超宽带室内定位的误差源,给出了超宽带室内定位基本函数模型,提出了将电子元件延迟这一系统差与三维坐标同时作为参数进行估计,并通过高斯-牛顿迭代算法得到定位结果的方法。试验结果表明,该方法能有效消除位置系统偏差,两组静态试验均以全站仪测量结果作为真值,点位误差分别为4.1、2.3 cm,相较于已有方法分别提高了64%和87%,而动态试验结果更接近于参考轨迹,最大误差小于10 cm。  相似文献   

利用HHT-EEMD方法分析云南区域GNSS应变时序孕震信息     

高涵  袁希平  甘淑  张明 《测绘学报》2022,51(9):1899-1910

地震的孕育和发生本质上都是地壳内部应力、应变能逐渐积累并突然或缓慢释放的结果,研究应变的变化过程对于地震危险性的判定具有重要意义。本文基于云南区域2013—2019年GNSS格网应变时间序列,利用专门适用于非线性非平稳信号处理的热门时频分析方法—整体经验模态分解（ensemble empirical mode decomposition,EEMD）的希尔伯特-黄变换（Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT）分析方法,探索云南区域中强地震前GNSS应变时序的时-频-能量分布特征,尝试挖掘应变时频信号中所携带的孕震信息。利用23号、42号格网对应的地震进行震例分析,结果显示：EEMD具有分频剖面的类似特征,它能够依据数据的时间特征尺度进行信号分解,较好地剖析信号在不同频率尺度上的变化特征;Hilbert变换能够通过瞬时频率、瞬时振幅等方式突出信号的局部瞬时特性,在固有模态分量（intrinsic mode functions,IMF）异常曲线识别无效的情况下仍能凸显异常;通过EEMD、残差趋势项分析、IMF异常识别和Hilbert变换综合动态分析应变时间序列的分析方法,能够在部分地震前夕发现一些潜在异常信息,为未来云南区域强震危险地点的判定提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

基于NDVI的梅州市植被时空变化特征及形成机制     

周巧华  蔡国田  王文秀 《测绘与空间地理信息》2022,45(4):41-46,50

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基于FME的分幅地形图斜轴投影转换研究     

李扬  郭际明  蔡婧  邸国辉  章迪 《测绘地理信息》2022,47(3):170-172

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早子沟金矿黄铁矿标型特征及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

李康宁  金鼎国  蔡龙  逯文辉  马原  吕菊蕊 《甘肃地质》2014,23(2):33-40

早子沟金矿位于西秦岭同仁—夏河—岷县金成矿带,矿区赋矿地层为三叠纪中统古浪堤组一段细碎屑岩,中性岩脉大量发育。矿体产于地层、脉岩及其接触带中,严格受断裂构造控制。本文通过对不同期次、不同矿石类型的黄铁矿进行分布、形态、矿物组合、元素组成以及硫同位素的研究,发现不同矿石类型的黄铁矿形成于不同的深度和地质环境;主成矿期黄铁矿以五角十二面体为主,常具碎裂结构;严重亏铁亏硫,ω(Au)/ω(Ag)=5.54,ω(Co)/ω(Ni)=4.2,类似于卡林型金矿特征,又兼有岩浆型矿床的特征;矿体中黄铁矿硫同位素δ34S‰变化范围-7.43‰～-8.62‰,与围岩黄铁矿硫同位素组成接近,说明硫主要来源于沉积地层,同时由于构造活动和岩浆侵入作用对硫同位素分馏产生了一定影响,使重硫有所富集。  相似文献