Distribution patterns of subsurface copepods and the impact of environmental parameters     

Ioana Nicoleta MelegFrank Fiers  Marius RobuOana Teodora Moldovan 《Limnologica》2012,42(2):156-164

The ecosystem dynamics in the vadose zone, the unsaturated layer between the surface and the groundwater table, was studied in five caves located in northwestern Romania. Hypogean and epigean copepod assemblages collected in drip water and in the associated pools were analyzed over a period of 12 and 7 months, respectively. The temporal variation of fauna in both habitats was related to a series of environmental parameters (pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, forest cover, precipitation, type of limestone, hydrographic basin, substrate and volume of the pools). Canonical Correspondence Analysis was used to explore the relationships. Over the year, total abundances in pools were much lower than the abundances observed in drips and showed steep raising values in December only. It is shown that forest cover might be one of the most important driving factor influencing the copepod diversity and abundance. Occurrence of epigean species underground was influenced by precipitation and drip rates. The occurrence of hypogean species was related to electrical conductivity, as an indicator of residence time of water in the vadose zone. Pools on limestone harbored a more diverse and abundant fauna than those with clay sediments. Pools with calcite precipitation were preferred by hypogean species.  相似文献   

An Updated Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for Romania and Comparison with the Approach and Outcomes of the SHARE Project     

Florin Pavel  Radu Vacareanu  John Douglas  Mircea Radulian  Carmen Cioflan  Alex Barbat 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2016,173(6):1881-1905

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Snow avalanche hazards in the Făgăraş massif (Southern Carpathians): Romanian Carpathians—Management and perspectives     

Mircea Voiculescu 《Natural Hazards》2009,51(3):459-475

Snow avalanches represent an undeniable reality in the Southern Carpathians both as a geomorphic process and as a type of hazard. Before the 1990s, few researchers focused on avalanches in Romania. However, after 1990, avalanches became an increasingly important topic of Romanian research including research on their management implications. This study focuses on the Făgăraş massif, a representative mountain unit in the Southern Carpathians that is dominant due to its glacial and periglacial relief, high altitudes and high occurrence of avalanche hazards. Three main research issues are considered. First, types of avalanches are delineated along with affected areas of the Balea glacial valley (on the northern slope) and the Capra glacial valley (on the southern slope) using data from a research centre for snow and avalanche monitoring that was created in the Balea glacial cirque in 2003. Second, the impact of avalanches on human activities is considered including transportation use of the Transfăgărăşan Highway that traverses the highest elevations in Romania and winter recreation activities such as skiing, snowboarding, climbing and hiking. The impacts on forests are also considered. Third, the needs and gaps of avalanche management are considered, specifically in the Făgăraş massif and also more generally in the mountains of Romania.  相似文献   

Ground-motion prediction equations for the intermediate depth Vrancea (Romania) earthquakes   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Vladimir Sokolov  Klaus-Peter Bonjer  Friedemann Wenzel  Bogdan Grecu  Mircea Radulian 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(3):367-388

We present the regional ground-motion prediction equations for peak ground acceleration (PGA), peak ground velocity (PGV), pseudo-spectral acceleration (PSA), and seismic intensity (MSK scale) for the Vrancea intermediate depth earthquakes (SE-Carpathians) and territory of Romania. The prediction equations were constructed using the stochastic technique on the basis of the regional Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) source scaling and attenuation models and the generalised site amplification functions. Values of considered ground motion parameters are given as the functions of earthquake magnitude, depth and epicentral distance. The developed ground-motion models were tested and calibrated using the available data from the large Vrancea earthquakes. We suggest to use the presented equations for the rapid estimation of seismic effect after strong earthquakes (Shakemap generation) and seismic hazard assessment, both deterministic and probabilistic approaches.  相似文献   

An earthquake-source-based metric for seismic fragility analysis     

Alin Radu  Mircea Grigoriu 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2018,16(9):3771-3789

The seismic fragility of a system is the probability that the system enters a damage state under seismic ground motions with specified characteristics. Plots of the seismic fragilities with respect to scalar ground motion intensity measures are called fragility curves. Recent studies show that fragility curves may not be satisfactory measures for structural seismic performance, since scalar intensity measures cannot comprehensively characterize site seismicity. The limitations of traditional seismic intensity measures, e.g., peak ground acceleration or pseudo-spectral acceleration, are shown and discussed in detail. A bivariate vector with coordinates moment magnitude m and source-to-site distance r is proposed as an alternative seismic intensity measure. Implicitly, fragility surfaces in the (m, r)-space could be used as graphical representations of seismic fragility. Unlike fragility curves, which are functions of scalar intensity measures, fragility surfaces are characterized by two earthquake-hazard parameters, (m, r). The calculation of fragility surfaces may be computationally expensive for complex systems. Thus, as solutions to this issue, a bi-variate log-normal parametric model and an efficient calculation method, based on stochastic-reduced-order models, for fragility surfaces are proposed.  相似文献   

Y Leonis: light curve solution revised and search for photometric variations of the primary minima     

Vlad Turcu  Alexandru Pop  Alexandru Marcu  Dan Moldovan 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2011,331(1):105-113

The interest in the study of the Algol binary system Y Leonis is justified not only by its light curve having a very deep primary minimum, and pulsating character of its primary component, but also by the complex behavior of its O–C curve which is featured by the presence of long and short time scale modulations. Taking into account the previously inferred K spectral type of the secondary component, one may expect that one of the involved periodicities could be related to magnetic cycles of this star. We gave the Wilson-Devinney solution of the eclipse light curve using our observational data obtained during 2009. The long- and short-term photometric variability of Y Leo is approached both through literature data and new CCD data. Even though these data are scarce, they revealed significant variability in the maximum and minimum brightness of this binary system at long time-scale. The nature of the rapid photometric variations during the deepest phase of primary minima can hardly be explained only by weak δ Scuti pulsations of the primary component which is still visible in partial eclipses.  相似文献   

Diastrophisme et sédimentation dans le Bassin de PetroŞeni (Roumanie)     

Prof. Dr. Mircea PaucĂ 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1971,60(2):682-704

Résumé Les faunes de Mollusques découvertes pendant les dix dernières années, auxquelles s'ajoutent des arguments d'ordre paléoclimatique, tectonique et paléogéographique, prouvent que les dépÔts de ce bassin, que l'on attribuait à l'Oligocène et à tout le Miocène presque, appartiennent en réalité au Tortonien supérieur. La sédimentation a commencé pendant les derniers mouvements de la phase styrienne pour s'achever au début des mouvements de la phase moldave. à l'époque relativement calme qui sépare ces deux phases se sont formées les quelques 27 couches de charbon à épaisseurs, par endroit, remarquables.

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So far the Petroeni Basin has been investigated only on a local scale without taking into account either the numerous and important advances related to the knowledge of some large areas belonging to Carpathian regions, or the evolution of the adjacent Neogene basins. The Oligocene and Aquitanian ages were assigned to these deposits by the first geologists without sufficient consideration of the palaeontological basis. These ages have been accepted for many years. The field work of the last years yielded the discovery of a rich Tortonian fauna. Palaeontological, palaeoclimatic and tectonical data suggest, for the time being, that the entire series of sediments in the basin represents a sole stage — the Tortonian. This stage cannot be considered complete but is represented only by its upper part. The assumption that all the deposits of the basin are Tortonian in age can be supported only with difficulty, but it is the only age which accounts for all geological observations. The large thickness of the deposits is considered the result of intense subsidence, during the Upper Styrian movements of ruptural character, which led to formation of a relatively small-sized graben. The exclusive presence of the Upper Tortonian tallies with the importance of the transgression which took place at the end of the Middle Miocene over large areas of the Carpathian regions.

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Zusammenfassung Das Petroenier-Becken wurde bis heute nur in einem ganz engen Rahmen untersucht, ohne die zahlreichen und wichtigen Fortschritte über den Weidegang der Karpaten und der benachbarten neogenen Becken zu berücksichtigen. Das oligozäne und aquitanische Alter der Ablagerungen, das von den ersten Forschern postuliert wurde, ist von den meisten Geologen bis ins letzte Jahrzehnt angenommen worden. Es mangelte jedoch an einer vertieften paläontologischen Grundlage. Die reichhaltige Flora hat sich für die eindeutige Bestimmung des Alters als unzureichend erwiesen. Die fünf festgestellten lithologischen und biologischen Fazies wurden irrtümlicherweise als verschiedene Altersstufen des Oligozäns und des Miozäns betrachtet. Die Feldarbeiten im letzten Jahrzehnt haben jedoch eine reiche Molluskenfauna tortonischen Alters erbracht. Paläontologische, paläoklimatische und tektonische Ergebnisse bezeugen heute, daß die meisten Ablagerungen nur einer einzigen Stufe, nämlich dem Torton, angehören. Eine nähere Untersuchung lehrt weiter, daß auch das Torton unvollständig abgelagert wurde, da es nur durch sein letztes Drittel vertreten ist. Die letzten Ablagerungen gehören möglicherweise dem ältesten Sarmatikum an. Der Schluß über das spätmittelmiozäne Alter des ganzen Schichtkomplexes ist der einzige, welcher uns heute erlaubt, sämtliche geologischen Tatsachen zu verstehen. Die etwa 2000 m Mächtigkeit der Schichten ist die Folge einer intensiven Ablagerung in einem tiefen Einbruchsbecken während der mittelmiozänen Bewegungsphasen. Die Ablagerung der Kohlenflöze entspricht der Ruhezeit zwischen den steyerischen und den moldavischen Krustenbewegungen. Das mittelmiozäne Alter der Schichten des Beckens von Petroeni steht mit der weiten mittelmiozänen Meerestransgression in Mittelund Südosteuropa im Einklang.

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Problèmes tectoniques dans le Bassin de Transylvanie     

Prof. Dr. Par Mircea Paucă 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1968,58(2):520-537

Zusammenfassung Das Siebenbürgische Becken verdankt seine Entstehung der Schollen-Struktur der Karpaten. Es besteht aus einer relativ wenig erhöhten Scholle, die von sehr hohen Schollen umringt ist. Dieser Zustand besteht erst seit dem Mittel-Miozän. Vorher war ein großer Teil des Beckens Festland. Im Neogen breitete es sich über das Maramure-Becken aus, das erst zum Ende des Pliozäns selbständig wurde. Von den vier tektonischen Einheiten, die sich ringsum befinden: Südkarpaten, Ostkarpaten, Apuseni-Gebirge und Verborgenes Apuseni-Gebirge, ist das Becken durch mehr oder minder wichtige Krustalbrüche begrenzt. Die Begrenzung des Beckens im NW ist weniger deutlich. Hier erhebt sich das Grundgebirge fortschreitend, bis es in Form von kleinen kristallinen Inseln: Mese-Preluca, Prisaca-Gebirge u. a. an der Oberfläche erscheint. Obwohl das Becken einheitlich erscheint, besteht es dennoch aus zwei großen, einem Nord- und einem Südbezirk. Die Grenze dazwischen wird im Westen durch die Richtung der kristallin-mesozoischen Falten des Apuseni-Gebirges und im Osten durch die Verschiebung der Krustalbrüche in der Gegend von Sovata-Gheorghieni, welche das Erscheinen des Neoeruptivs bedingte, angegeben. Der südliche Bezirk wird durch eine schwache Erhebung charakterisiert, die die Erhaltung von mächtigen pliozänen Ablagerungen bedingt hat. Hier wurden 14 tektonische Elemente — Blöcke und Brüche — festgestellt, welche dem Becken das Aussehen eines Amphitheaters verleihen. Der nördliche Bezirk zeichnet sich durch die schon während des Oberpliozäns bestende Erhebung des Grundgebirges in nordwestlicher Richtung aus. Diese Erhebung hat das Paläogen auf großen Oberflächen zutage gebracht, während das Pliozän vollständig abgetragen wurde. Das vorneozoische Grundgebirge besteht aus zahlreichen Blöcken, deren Bewegungen Brüche in der relativ dünnen Decke bedingt haben. Die Kreuzung der radiären mit den longitudinalen Tiefbrüchen ist oftmals durch Salzstöcke und Horizontalflexur gekennzeichnet. Bisher wurde den Faltenvorgängen große Wichtigkeit beigemessen. Heute ist die wichtige Rolle der Brüche bekannt, die das Erscheinen des neogenen Eruptivs auch im Innern des Beckens bedingt hat.

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The Transylvanian basin owes its existence to the block-faulted structure of the Carpathian regions. It represents a relatively slightly uplifted block surrounded by strongly uplifted ones. This situation only dates from the Middle Miocene, until which date a great part of the basin represented dry land for a long period. During the Neogene it also included the Maramure basin which only became independent at the end of the Pliocene time. The basin is separated from the four surrounding units, namely the South Carpathians, the East Carpathians, the Apuseni Mountains and the hidden Apuseni Mountains by fractures which are sometimes very important. Crustal fractures delimit the basin from the first three units. The border of the basin is less clear in the NW, where it comes in touch with the hidden Apuseni Mountains. Above the latter the basin marks a gradual upheaval, up to the crystalline islands in Mese, Prisaca and Preluca. Though of apparently unitary character, the basin consists of two large sectors: one to the south and the other one to the north. The separation line between them is indicated by the trend of the crystalline-Mesozoic folds west of Turda, as well as by the displacement that affected, at Sovata-Gheorgheni level, the zone where the new volcanic formations occured. The southern sector is characterized by moderate uplifting; that allowed the preserving of a large quantity of pliocene sediments. A number of fourteen tectonic elements represented by blocks and faults conferring upon the basin the aspect of an amphitheatre, have been distinguished in the above sediments. The northern sector is characterized by a gradual uplifting in the northwestern direction which started in the Upper Pliocene. Due to this uplift the Paleogene formations have been exposed on large areas. The most important consequence was, however, an almost total erosion of the Pliocene deposits. Since the pre-Neozoic basement was built up of numerous blocks, their movements have determined a great number of fractures in the relatively thin cover of Paleogene-Miocene age. On the basin borders, one may notice the presence of numerous faults showing a radial arrangement. These faults disappear towards the inner part of the basin. The intersections between the crustal faults and the radial faults are frequently marked by the presence of salt massifs and by displacements. Great significance was assigned in the past to the folded structures: anticlines and domes. Nowadays, we consider the faults as more important than the folds. The appearance of volcanic Neogene rocks, even in the inner part of the basin, justifies this idea.

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Résumé L'auteur décrit la construction tectonique du bassin de Transylvanie, qui est situé entre quatre unités structurales: Les Carpates méridionales, les Carpates orientales, les Monts Apuseni et les îles cristallines du NW. Le bassin de Transylvanie se détache de ces unités structurales par des fractures. De nos jours, ces déformations par fractures prennent de plus en plus d'importance, tandisque jusqu'alors on attachait plus de significance aux phénomènes de plissement.

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New investigations or recent vertical movements in the Carpatho-Balkan region     

Istvn Jo  Don o Arabadijski  Mihly Füry  Igor' N. Me&#x; erskij  Mircea Mihaila  Mladen M. Mladenovski  Zsuzsanna Nmeth  Johannes Steinberg  Jzsef Thury  Jan Vanko  Tadeusz Wyrzykowski 《Journal of Geodynamics》1987,8(2-4)

Recent work concerning the investigation of vertical movements in the Carpatho-Balkan Region is reported, based on the “Explanatory Text to the Map of Recent Vertical Movements in the Carpatho-Balkan Region”.For this investigation, the following countries supplied information: Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, GDR, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, Austria, and Italy. The activities were coordinated by the Hungarian Geodetic Service. Hungary undertook the task of collecting the data, their preparation for adjustment, and the adjustment of the investigation network, as well as the compilation and publication of the map of vertical movement. The authors present the algorithm of the rigorous adjustment: the height differences of the second leveling have been adjusted jointly with the velocities derived from the first and second levelings.In this paper the applied geodetic and oceanographic data, as well as the main character of the investigation network are presented. The interpretation of the adjustment is outlined.The map of Recent Vertical Movements in the Carpatho-Balkan Region (CBR) is printed at the scale of 1:1,000,000.In general, it is claimed that due to the new methods of investigation, the new CBR map of vertical movements provides a better tool to help with further investigations.  相似文献   

Test of the Empirical Green's Function Deconvolution on Vrancea (Romania) Subcrustal Earthquakes     

Popa  Mihaela  Radulian  Mircea 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2000,44(3):403-429

Vrancea is one of the few singular seismic regions of the world where intermediate-depth earthquakes are permanently generated (around 10 events/month with M _L > 3) within an extremely confined focal volume. This particularity and the relatively large number of short-period waveforms recorded by the Romanian local network provides us the opportunity to test the performance of the empirical Green's function technique in retrieving the source time function and source directivity of the Vrancea earthquakes. Three earthquakes that occurred on March 11, 1983 (M _L = 5.4), April 12, 1983 (M _L = 5.1) and August 7, 1984 (M _L = 5.1) in the lower part of the subducting lithosphere (h 150 km) were analyzed. A set of 28 adjacent events (3.0 < M _L < 4.4) which occurred between 1981 and 1997 were selected as corresponding empirical Green's functions. To test the confidence of the retrieved source time function, we compare the deconvolved pulses using Green's functions of different sizes and recorded simultaneously by short-period and broad-band instruments. Our tests show that the durations of the source time function is well-constrained and is not affected by the limited frequency range of the short-period instruments, or by the relative difference in the focal mechanism between the main event and Green's event. The apparent duration of the source time function outlines source directivity effects, and when these effects are sufficiently strong, they can identify the real fault plane. Relatively short source duration and correspondingly high stress drop values are in agreement with other previous results emphasizing a specific seismic regime in the lower part of the Vrancea subducting lithosphere.  相似文献