A comparative study on the rheology and wave dissipation of kaolinite and natural Hendijan Coast mud, the Persian Gulf     

Mohsen Soltanpour  Farzin Samsami 《Ocean Dynamics》2011,61(2-3):295-309

The objective of this paper is to investigate the rheological behavior of kaolinite and Hendijan mud, located at the northwest part of the Persian Gulf, and the dissipative role of this muddy bed on surface water waves. A series of laboratory rheological tests was conducted to investigate the rheological response of mud to rotary and cyclic shear rates. While a viscoplastic Bingham model can successfully be applied for continuous controlled shear-stress tests, the rheology of fluid mud displays complex viscoelastic behavior in time-periodic motion. The comparisons of the behavior of natural Hendijan mud with commercial kaolinite show rheological similarities. A large number of laboratory wave-flume experiments were carried out with a focus on the dissipative role of the fluid mud. Assuming four rheological models of viscous, Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic, Bingham viscoplastic, and viscoelastic-plastic for fluid mud layer, a numerical multi-layered model was applied to analyze the effects of different parameters of surface wave and muddy bed on wave attenuation. The predicted results based on different rheological models generally agree with the obtained wave-flume data implying that the adopted rheological model does not play an important role in the accuracy of prediction.  相似文献   

Bayesian Spatial Prediction for Discrete Closed Skew Gaussian Random Field     

Omid Karimi  Mohsen Mohammadzadeh 《Mathematical Geosciences》2011,43(5):565-582

Most approaches in statistical spatial prediction assume that the spatial data are realizations of a Gaussian random field. However, this assumption is hard to justify for most applications. When the distribution of data is skewed but otherwise has similar properties to the normal distribution, a closed skew normal distribution can be used for modeling their skewness. Closed skew normal distribution is an extension of the multivariate skew normal distribution and has the advantage of being closed under marginalization and conditioning. In this paper, we generalize Bayesian prediction methods using closed skew normal distributions. A simulation study is performed to check the validity of the model and performance of the Bayesian spatial predictor. Finally, our prediction method is applied to Bayesian spatial prediction on the strain data near Semnan, Iran. The mean-square error of cross-validation is improved by the closed skew Gaussian model on the strain data.  相似文献   

Life history pattern of mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki (Girard, 1859) in the Tajan River (Southern Caspian Sea to Iran)     

PATIMAR Rahman  GHORBANI Mohsen  GOL-MOHAMMADI Ali  AZIMI-GLUGAHI Hoda 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2011,29(1):167-173

Investigation of the ecology of introduced species in new habitats can allow determinations of the degree, direction, and rate of evolutionary change. The introduction of Gambusia holbrooki in the southern Caspian Sea presents such a situation. We evaluated the life history traits of mosquitofish in the Tajan River basin. A total of 744 G. holbrooki specimens were collected between January and December 2008. The maximum observed ages are 0+ years for males and 1+ years for females. Both sexes grew allometrically (negative for males: b=2.442 and positive for females: b=3.232). The overall sex ratio is unbalanced and dominated by females. GSI values suggest that this population of G. holbrooki matures between February–July. The highest mean GSI value is 1.80 for males and 15.97 for females in May. Egg diameter ranges from 1.00 to 3.00 mm with a mean value of 2.098 mm. Absolute fecundity varied from 7 to 57 eggs. Both ova diameter and absolute fecundity were positively correlated to fish size (length and weight). Fecundity relative to total weight fluctuated from 34.44 to 582.64 eggs/g, and to total length from 2.33 to 12.95 eggs/cm. Both were negatively correlated with female size. The characteristics of this population are important with respect to life history of the species.  相似文献   

Surface complexation model of boron adsorption by calcareous soils     

F. Ranjbar  M. Jalali 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2014,11(5):1317-1326

This study aimed to evaluate boron (B) adsorption and the capacity of a surface complexation model for simulating this process in calcareous soils. Ten surface soils were collected from different land use areas in Hamedan, Western Iran, to characterize B sorption by soils. The mean B adsorbed by the sample soils varied from 8.9 to 32.8 %. Two empirical models including linear and Freundlich equations fitted well to the experimental data. The linear distribution (K _d) values varied from 1.32 to 6.86 L kg^?1, while the parameters of Freundlich equation including n and K _Fr ranged from 1.16 to 1.33 and 3.31–16.81, respectively. The comparison of two empirical models indicated that B adsorption followed a nonlinear pattern. The soil organic matter had positive correlations with Freundlich and linear distribution coefficients. However, empirical models were not suitable for explaining the mechanism of B adsorption, so a surface complexation model was used to simulate and predict the B adsorption process. B adsorption modeling was conducted using Visual MINTEQ and PHREEQC, based on the assemblage of major surface components (hydrous ferric oxides, aluminum hydroxides, calcium carbonate, and humic acids). B adsorption was successfully modeled by surface complexation. The significant contribution of organic matter to B complexes was resulted from both experimental data and mechanistic modeling.  相似文献   

The effects of surcharge on liquefaction resistance of silty sand     

Issa Shooshpasha  Mohsen Bagheri 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(3):1029-1035

In the recent earthquakes, numerous cases of liquefaction occurred in sands containing both plastic and nonplastic fines that resulted in significant damage. Most previous research efforts have focused on clean sands regardless whether the sand contain fines or not made evident by widespread shallow foundation failures, numerous cases of settlement, and lateral displacement. Still, despite the amount of related research, results seem somewhat contradictory. This study directly demonstrates the beneficial or detrimental effect of uncertainty surcharges on seismic responses. Models were subjected to two destructive realistic events with similar PGA with various frequency contents and duration. In this paper, the dynamic analyses were conducted as fully non-linear elasto-plastic coupled stress-flow analyses with coupled liquefaction triggering which reasonably captured the actual behavior. The silty sand deposits underlying the surcharge are capable of liquefying and developing large shear deformations that can cause serious damage. Therefore, excess pore water pressure ratio cannot be enough by itself to evaluate liquefaction potential, so the deformations should be examined. Numerical results provide an estimate of the seismic performance liquefiable deposits underlying the surcharge; these results can be useful for a realistic practical engineering.  相似文献   

Sedimentology of Quaternary calcareous tufas from Gafsa,southwestern Tunisia     

Mohsen Henchiri 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(5):2081-2091

Well-preserved tufa deposits exhibit a diversity of field fabrics along the major structural feature in Gafsa area and extent between Jebel El Mida in the southeast and Sidi Ahmed Zarrouk and Jebel Ben Younes in northwest. The deposition history of the tufa is defined by three major stages; the first occurred in a perched springline or slope system with dominance of the autochthonous facies (stromatolitic tufa facies, i.e. boundstone sheets of micrite and peloids, and phytoherm framestone facies) in the proximal zone and microdetrital tufa in distal sites. The second stage occurred in a mixture of perched springline and poorly drained paludal environments that characterized by the abundance of allochems and chalk and marl. The third deposition stage occurred in a mixture of paludal and braided fluviatile environments with allochthonous tufa facies (oncoidal cyanolith tufa facies, phytoclast tufa facies and lithoclast and intraclast tufa facies). Tufas are of particular interest since their occurrences are linked to tectonic activity and extensional fault systems. Gafsa strike-slip fault, in addition to its tectonic role in creating fluid paths to the surface through flowing springs, it acts as a major regional sill that controlled paleoflow directions, discharge locations, volume, rate and fluctuations of the water supply. Tufa cessation could be explained by increasing aridity during late Holocene and subsequent reduced rainfall, increased evaporation and water table falling, which reduce the amount of recharge and its subsequent dissolution in the recharge area.  相似文献   

The prolate Bok globules evidence for the existence of dark matter sub-halo     

Mahmoud Gholipour  Mohsen Nejad-Asghar 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2014,349(1):401-405

Although the existence of dark matter is generally accepted by the mainstream scientific community, there is no generally agreed direct detection of it. Also, observations show that some Bok globules are prolate in some regions without suitable explanation for its cause. In this paper, we investigate the effect of dark matter sub-halo in transformation of the Bok globules from spherical to the prolate shape. We limit the investigation to a particular case that the magnetic field and turbulent effects are negligible through the Bok globule. We consider the gravitational effect of dark matter sub-halo on the isothermal Bok globule that is exposed to suitable distance of it. The results show that the dark matter sub-halo can justify the transformation of Bok globules in some regions. In this paper, we introduce a new method for proving the existence of dark matter sub halo.  相似文献   

Factors Affecting Crack Initiation in Low Porosity Crystalline Rocks   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mohsen Nicksiar  C. D. Martin 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(4):1165-1181

Crack initiation in uniaxial compressive loading of rocks occurs well before the peak strength is reached. The factors that may influence the onset of cracking and possible initiating mechanisms were explored using a discrete element numerical approach. The numerical approach was based on grain-based model that utilized the Voronoi tessellation scheme to represent low porosity crystalline rocks such as granite. The effect of grain size distribution (sorting coefficient ranging from 1.5 to 1.03), grain size (average grain size ranging from 0.75 to 2.25 mm), and the heterogeneities of different mineral grains (quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase) on the onset of cracking were examined. The modelling revealed that crack initiation appears to be a tensile mechanism in low porosity rocks, and that shear cracking along grain boundaries is only a prominent mechanism near the peak strength. It was also shown that the heterogeneity introduced by the grain size distribution had the most significant effect on peak strength and crack initiation stress. The peak strength ranges from 140 to 208 MPa as the grain size distribution varies from heterogeneous to uniform, respectively. However, the ratio of crack initiation to peak stress showed only minor variation, as the heterogeneity decreases. The other factors investigated had only minor effects on crack initiation and peak strength, and crack initiation ratio.  相似文献   

The curvature condition for self-consistent scale-free galaxies     

Mir Abbas Jalali  P. Tim de Zeeuw 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2002,335(4):928-940

  相似文献   

Integrable models of galactic discs with double nuclei     

M. A. Jalali  A. R. Rafiee 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,320(3):379-386

We introduce a new class of 2D mass models, whose potentials are of Stäckel form in elliptic coordinates. Our model galaxies have two separate strong cusps that form double nuclei. The potential and surface density distributions are locally axisymmetric near the nuclei and become highly non-axisymmetric outside the nucleus. The surface density diverges toward the cuspy nuclei with the law     Our model is sustained by four general types of regular orbits: butterfly , nucleophilic banana , horseshoe and aligned loop orbits. Horseshoes and nucleophilic bananas support the existence of cuspy regions. Butterflies and aligned loops control the non-axisymmetric shape of outer regions. Without any need for central black holes, our distributed mass models resemble the nuclei of M31 and NGC 4486B. It is also shown that the self-gravity of the stellar disc can prevent the double nucleus to collapse.  相似文献