Effects of seismic devices on transverse responses of piers in the Sutong Bridge   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Xing Shen  Alfredo Camara  Aijun Ye 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2015,14(4):611-623

The Sutong Bridge in China opened to traffic in 2008, and is an arterial connection between the cities of Nantong and Suzhou. It is a cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1,088 m. Due to a tight construction schedule and lack of suitable seismic devices at the time, fixed supports were installed between the piers and the girder in the transverse direction. As a result, significant transverse seismic forces could occur in the piers and foundations, especially during a return period of a 2500-year earthquake. Therefore, the piers, foundations and fixed bearings had to be designed extraordinarily strong. However, when larger earthquakes occur, the bearings, piers and foundations are still vulnerable. The recent rapid developments in seismic technology and the performance-based design approach offer a better opportunity to optimize the transverse seismic design for the Sutong Bridge piers. The optimized design can be applied to the Sutong Bridge(as a retrofit), as well as other bridges. Seismic design alternatives utilizing viscous fluid dampers(VFD), or friction pendulum sliding bearings(FPSB), or transverse yielding metallic dampers(TYMD) are thoroughly studied in this work, and the results are compared with those from the current condition with fixed transverse supports and a hypothetical condition in which only sliding bearings are provided on top of the piers(the girder can move "freely" in the transverse direction during the earthquake, except for frictional forces of the sliding bearings). Parametric analyses were performed to optimize the design of these proposed seismic devices. From the comparison of the peak bridge responses in these configurations, it was found that both VFD and TYMD are very effective in the reduction of transverse seismic forces in piers, while at the same time keeping the relative transverse displacements between piers and the box girder within acceptable limits. However, compared to VFD, TYMD do not interact with the longitudinal displacements of the girder, and have simpler details and lower initial and maintenance costs. Although the use of FPSB can also reduce seismic forces, it generally causes the transverse relative displacements to be higher than acceptable limits.  相似文献   

Simultaneous estimation of surface soil moisture and soil properties with a dual ensemble Kalman smoother     

Nan Chu  ChunLin Huang  Xin Li  PeiJun Du 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,58(12):2327-2339

In this paper, a new state-parameter estimation approach is presented based on the dual ensemble Kalman smoother(DEn KS) and simple biosphere model(Si B2) to sequentially estimate both the soil properties and soil moisture profile by assimilating surface soil moisture observations. The Arou observation station, located in the upper reaches of the Heihe River in northwestern China, was selected to test the proposed method. Three numeric experiments were designed and performed to analyze the influence of uncertainties in model parameters, atmospheric forcing, and the model's physical mechanics on soil moisture estimates. Several assimilation schemes based on the ensemble Kalman filter(En KF), ensemble Kalman smoother(En KS), and dual En KF(DEn KF) were also compared in this study. The results demonstrate that soil moisture and soil properties can be simultaneously estimated by state-parameter estimation methods, which can provide more accurate estimation of soil moisture than traditional filter methods such as En KF and En KS. The estimation accuracy of the model parameters decreased with increasing error sources. DEn KS outperformed DEn KF in estimating soil moisture in most cases, especially where few observations were available. This study demonstrates that the DEn KS approach is a useful and practical way to improve soil moisture estimation.  相似文献   

川西新场气田上三叠统须二、须四段相对优质储层成因差异性分析     

刘四兵  沈忠民  吕正祥  宋荣彩  王鹏 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,45(4):993-1001

川西新场地区须家河组储层埋藏深度大、成岩作用复杂、致密化程度高,但在整体超致密背景下,局部仍发育较多的相对优质储层.相对优质储层在埋深较大的须二段,往往发育较多的原生孔隙,和相对次要的次生孔隙;而埋深较小的须四段储层,次生孔隙占绝对优势,原生孔隙发育较少.造成这一现象的主要原因是须二、须四段原生孔隙保存和次生孔隙发育机制上的差异.须二段储层中较多刚性颗粒的存在和较为发育的包膜绿泥石是原生孔隙得到较好保存的主要原因;而其较大的单砂层厚度和较少的泥岩发育则导致了有机酸性流体的注入量较少,长石溶蚀有限.须四段塑性岩屑含量明显较高,储层原生孔隙在压实作用下几乎消失殆尽,但较薄的单砂层厚度和较多泥岩的叠置发育使长石在有机酸性流体作用下得到了充分溶蚀;这是须四段储层次生孔隙相对发育、长石含量很低、同时还有自生高岭石沉淀的主要原因.  相似文献   

Tectonics,magmatism, and mineralization of Circum–Balkash–Junggar area in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt     

Wenjiao Xiao  Ping Shen  Xuanhua Chen 《International Geology Review》2017,59(9):1047-1052

ABSTRACT

The Circum–Balkhash–Junggar area, including mostly Kazakhstan, NW China, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Mongolia, occupies an important tectonic position of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) (Figure 1). Tectonically, this vast area records the complicated geodynamic processes, among which the most prominent stages are the formation of the U-shaped Kazakhstan Orocline and its interactions with adjacent Altai (Altay), Junggar (West Junggar, Junggar Basin, and East Junggar), and Tianshan orogenic collages in the Palaeozoic, bearing large-scale mineral deposits. The formation of the Late Palaeozoic mineral deposits is related to the tectonic evolution of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian volcano-magmatic arcs in the region. However, the link between the metallogeny and the evolution of the volcano-magmatic arcs is not well understood and existing geodynamic models have not explained satisfactorily the mechanism of the huge metallogenic belt. Therefore, this special issue focuses on the formation of the Late Palaeozoic porphyry Cu deposits and their link to the tectonic evolution of the Devonian and Carboniferous–Permian volcano-magmatic arcs with emphasis on comparative studies across the international borders.  相似文献   

滇西兰坪盆地白秧坪Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag多金属矿床东矿带成矿年代学探讨     

冯彩霞  刘燊  毕献武  胡瑞忠  池国祥  陈俊瑾  冯强  郭晓磊 《矿床地质》2017,36(3):691-704

白秧坪Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag多金属矿集区夹持于金沙江和澜沧江断裂之间,隶属兰坪盆地北部,分为东、西2个矿带。文章采用闪锌矿、方铅矿的Rb-Sr法和成矿阶段方解石的Sm-Nd法,对白秧坪Pb-Zn-Cu-Ag多金属矿床东矿带华昌山和下区五矿段进行了成矿年代厘定,获得方铅矿以及闪锌矿和方铅矿的矿物组合Rb-Sr等时线年龄为(32.8±1.5)Ma,方解石的Sm-Nd等时线年龄为(33.32±0.43)Ma。研究表明,通过对特定矿床的主要矿石矿物采用Rb-Sr法和Sm-Nd法获得的年龄在误差范围内是一致的,从而起到了相互验证的作用,并对矿床的成矿背景具有一定的指示性。通过成矿年龄的探讨,认为东矿带铅锌为主的矿化期主要产生于青藏高原东缘晚碰撞阶段(40~26)Ma,伴随印度-亚洲大陆碰撞造山,形成逆冲推覆构造和赋矿地层,控制了Pb-Zn矿床的形成和发育。该期Pb-Zn矿床与兰坪盆地金顶和西矿带Pb-Zn矿床、囊谦盆地Pb-Zn矿床和沱沱河盆地Pb-Zn矿床具有一定的可比性。  相似文献   

Study of portable infrastructure-free cell phone detector for disaster relief     

Tang  ShiYang  Shu  XueMing  Shen  ShiFei  Li  ZhangHua  Cao  SiYang 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(1):453-470

Natural Hazards - In this paper, we investigate the spatial and temporal distributions of rainfall in Qatar, which falls in the arid region of the middle-east. We use rainfall data from 29 rain...  相似文献   

北祁连造山带石包城地区花岗岩年代学及成因     

王楠  吴才来  雷敏  陈红杰  李名则  郑卫红 《岩石学报》2017,33(12):3909-3924

北祁连造山带内发育大量早古生代花岗质岩石,对其进行研究有助于加深对造山带构造演化的理解。本文以带内西段石包城地区的花岗岩为研究对象,对其进行锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素以及地球化学方面的研究。结果表明:(1)该花岗岩形成时代为465~463Ma,地球化学数据表明其属于钙碱性系列,并具强过铝质特征;(2)该花岗岩T_(Zr)和T_(REE)平均温度分别为760℃和732℃,ε_(Hf)(t)变化于+7.6~+13.5,二阶段模式年龄变化于581~957Ma;(3)可能属I-S过渡型花岗岩,是新生基性地壳低温条件下由于角闪石脱水分解而发生部分熔融而成,并混入了少量中-新元古代沉积组分,岩浆未发生明显的分离结晶作用,残留相为石榴石、角闪石和斜长石为主的麻粒岩;(4)该花岗岩形成于北祁连洋北向俯冲的活动大陆边缘背景之下,并在侵位上升过程中加入了部分沉积物质。  相似文献   

岩溶山区浅层基岩滑坡失稳机理研究 ——以大方县金星组滑坡为例   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

张楠  徐永强  闫慧 《水文地质工程地质》2017,(6):142-142

岩溶山区浅层滑坡具有发育规律性差、前期变形迹象小、面小点多等特征,早期识别难度大,难以实现全面调查与监测,因此,对典型案例的成因机理进行研究具有重要意义。2016年7月1日贵州省大方县金星组发生滑坡,共造成23人死亡。金星组滑坡滑体厚度平均仅为4 m,总方量约9.5×104 m3,属于典型的岩溶山区浅层基岩滑坡。研究认为,坡角大于岩层倾角的顺层坡体结构是滑坡发生的主要内在因素,而滑坡发生前的降雨入渗且无有效的排泄途径,导致坡体中的薄层泥岩发生泥化是金星组滑坡发生的直接触发因素。  相似文献   

赤铁矿高温原位X射线衍射研究     

张楠  王河锦  王冠玉 《岩石矿物学杂志》2017,36(1):89-95

在空气和真空条件下对α-Fe_2O_3粉末进行了从室温到1 000℃的高温原位X射线衍射研究,分别修正了空气和真空条件下赤铁矿在27~1 000℃范围内的晶胞参数,从而得到了晶胞参数随温度变化的关系和赤铁矿在空气和真空条件下的热膨胀系数,并得出了热膨胀系数与温度的关系,即赤铁矿的热膨胀系数不随温度变化。赤铁矿在空气气氛下的热膨胀系数为αa=9.603 16×10~(-6)/℃,αc=6.647 67×10~(-6)/℃,β=2.606 33/℃;真空气氛下的热膨胀系数为αa=9.006 79×10~(-6)/℃,αc=6.891 23×10~(-6)/℃,β=2.511 51/℃。  相似文献   

Effects of river damming on biogenic silica turnover: implications for biogeochemical carbon and nutrient cycles     

Nan Ma  Zhaoliang Song  Baoli Wang  Fushun Wang  Xiaomin Yang  Xiaodong Zhang  Qian Hao  Yuntao Wu 《中国地球化学学报》2017,36(4):626-637

Rivers link terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they transport large amounts of substances into oceans each year, including several forms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), and other nutrients. However, river damming affects the water flow and biogeochemical cycles of Si, C, and other nutrients through biogeochemical interacting processes. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of the effects of river damming on the processes of biogeochemical Si cycle, especially the source, composition, and recycling process of biogenic silica (BSi). Then, we introduce dam impacts on the cycles of C and some other nutrients. Dissolved silicon in rivers is mainly released from phytolith dissolution and silicate weathering. BSi in suspended matter or sediments in most rivers mainly consists of phytoliths and mainly originates from soil erosion. However, diatom growth and deposition in many reservoirs formed by river interception may significantly increase the contribution of diatom Si to total BSi, and thus significantly influence the biogeochemical Si, C, and nutrient cycles. Yet the turnover of phytoliths and diatoms in different rivers formed by river damming is still poorly quantified. Thus, they should be further investigated to enhance our understanding about the effects of river damming on global biogeochemical Si, C and nutrient cycles.  相似文献