Rayleigh wave phase velocities in the Pacific with implications for azimuthal anisotropy and lateral heterogeneities     

Clyde E. Nishimura  Donald W. Forsyth 《Geophysical Journal International》1988,94(3):479-501

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Imaging subduction from the trench to 300 km depth beneath the central North Island, New Zealand, with Vp and Vp/Vs     

Martin Reyners  Donna Eberhart-Phillips  Graham Stuart  Yuichi Nishimura 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,165(2):565-583

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Contribution of shallow groundwater rapid fluctuation to soil salinization under arid and semiarid climate   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Mohamed Khaled Ibrahimi  Tsuyoshi Miyazaki  Taku Nishimura  Hiromi Imoto 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3901-3911

Rising saline shallow groundwater and associated soil salinization problems are widespread especially in arid and semiarid areas. There have been numerous studies on groundwater-associated salinity, but more information is required on the effects of groundwater frequent and high fluctuations on soil salinization. In the present study, laboratory experiments and numerical simulations using HYDRUS-1D model were carried out for this purpose. The experimental and modeling results showed that groundwater fluctuation caused not only the accumulation of more salt in the soil profile compared to stable groundwater, but also an enhancement of the mechanism. Water table fluctuation induced a much greater spreading of the bromide (Br) tracer within the column than the constant water table. The Br content was on average five orders of magnitude greater under a fluctuating water table than under a constant one. Further, the numerical simulations showed that an increase in the groundwater fluctuation frequency brought about an increase in soil surface salinization under the same evaporation boundary conditions. Additional simulations with HYDRUS-1D were used to study the effects of various management strategies on soil salinization induced by shallow groundwater. Hence, by reducing the evaporation rate through the application of surface mulching, a significant reduction of salt concentration at the soil surface was observed. Moreover, frequent irrigations with small quantities were effective to reduce soil surface salt accumulation induced by saline shallow groundwater.  相似文献   

Deposits of the 1983 and 1993 tsunamis on the coast of Primorye     

L. A. Ganzey  N. G. Razjigaeva  Yu. Nishimura  T. A. Grebennikova  A. O. Gorbunov  V. M. Kaistrenko  Yu. A. Naumov  I. I. Lebedev 《Oceanology》2017,57(4):568-579

Deposits of the two strongest tsunamis of the 20th century have been found on the eastern coast of Primorye. The tsunamis had epicenters in the Sea of Japan west of the coast of Hokkaido. The distribution and preservation of deposits in bays of different geomorphological structure have been analyzed. The best defined sedimentary covers occur in the upper part of sections in low-lying areas of bay shores, where the wave runup was more than 3 m. The best preserved deposits have been observed in bays attributed to loworder streams. Variations of the structural composition of tsunami deposits formed by traction processes associated with the tsunamis have been analyzed depending on distance from the shoreline; the sources of material have been identified. Tsunami waves transported sand not only from beaches, ancient storm ridges, and terraces, but also from the underwater coastal slope; waves also grabbed material from estuarine lagoons and lakes located in the shore inundation zone. Deposits include marine diatoms with dominant sublittoral planktonic and benthic species, which suggests that the material was transported from a depth no more than 15 m. Deep-sea species of diatoms and their fragments have been encountered. Among freshwater diatoms are species with different ecological identities, indicating erosion and redeposition of material transported from various sources.  相似文献   

人工岛周围的波生流计算方法   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

包四林  西村仁嗣  陈沈良 《海洋学报》2006,28(2):140-145

针对Hardy-Cross法的基本原理建立的一种波生流计算的数值模型在计算处理人工岛周围区域方面还存在的问题,提出了解决处理方法,并通过算例验证了该模型能够运用于人工岛等岛状非水面区域附近的波生流计算,从而消除了Hardy-Cross法实用化中的一个障碍.  相似文献   

Effect of air mobility in a soil pipe on water flow through a model hillslope after pipe clogging     

Takuhei Yamasaki  Shoichiro Hamamoto  Taku Nishimura 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(4):905-911

Soil pipes (continuous macropores expanding laterally in the soil subsurface) are a key factor controlling hillslope water cycles and sediment transport. Soil pipes usually enhance slope stability under rainfall events through their high water drainage ability, and pipe clogging by sediments is regarded as a risk for slope failure. In this study, we conducted a bench-scale pipe clogging experiment to clarify the effect of air mobility in soil pipes on water flow and water pressure build-up in the slope at the clogged point. Before pipe clogging, the soil pipe drained rainwater effectively and lowered the groundwater table. After the pipe clogging event, the mobility of air in the soil pipe before the clogging determined the water flow in the slope. When the air in the soil pipe connected to the atmosphere and moved freely, the water level in the soil pipe increased at the pipe clogging, and water pressure build-up was limited near the pipe outlet. On the other hand, when air in the soil pipe was entrapped by the clogging, water pressure suddenly increased, and the groundwater table of the whole slope rose correspondingly. This study clearly demonstrated the importance of pipe morphology with respect to air connectivity between the pipe and atmosphere to elucidate the water flow and slope stability during the pipe clogging event. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献